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Hao Y, Pei F, Huang J, Li G, Zhong C. Application of deep eutectic solvents on extraction of flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300925. [PMID: 38726740 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as a new type of eco-friendly solvent, have attracted increasing attention on the extraction and separation of flavonoid compounds from various samples, owing to their excellent properties such as biodegradability and ease of handling with very low toxicity. This article provides a status review of the applications of DESs in the extraction of flavonoids, including the introduction of flavonoid compounds, the properties and superiority of DESs, and extraction methods (ultrasonic-assisted extraction, heating reflux extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and solid-phase extraction). Finally, prospects and challenges in the application of DESs on extraction and separation are extensively elucidated and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Fengxia Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Guizhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Chenglin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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2
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Chen F, Su X, Gao J, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Luo D. A modified strategy to improve the dissolution of flavonoids from Artemisiae Argyi Folium using ultrasonic-assisted enzyme-deep eutectic solvent system. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1707:464282. [PMID: 37597480 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, enzyme-deep eutectic solvent-assisted ultrasonic extraction technique (EnDUE) was developed for the efficient dissolution of flavonoids from Artemisiae Argyi Folium. The extraction results of Artemisiae Argyi Folium flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, and isorhamnetin) were used as indicators to investigate the influencing factors through single factor experiment, Placket-burman design, and Box-behnken design, so as to obtain satisfactory yields. After systematic optimization, the optimal conditions for extraction of the target flavonoids were: Choline chloride/1,4-butanediol with a water content of 25%, cellulase+pectinase with a concentration of 1.6%, solid-liquid ratio of 1/32 g/mL, pH of 4.2, ultrasonic frequency of 80 kHz, ultrasonic power of 160 W, ultrasonic temperature of 40 °C, and ultrasonic time of 25 min, respectively, which derived a total yield of 8.06 ± 0.29 mg/g. Compared with the reference techniques, the proposed EnDUE technique showed significant advantages in the yield and extraction efficiency of flavonoids. In addition, after preliminary purification, the Artemisiae Argyi Folium flavonoids showed good antioxidant activity. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) can degrade the cell wall components and increase the action site of enzyme, and enzyme can promote the penetration of DES into the cell wall matrix, which is mutually beneficial to the dissolution of intracellular components. Therefore, the extraction technique proposed in this work (EnDUE) greatly promotes the dissolution of flavonoids from Artemisiae Argyi Folium, and provides theoretical support for the further application of plant flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Chen
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xuechao Su
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiangshan Gao
- School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yaxiu Liu
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Duqiang Luo
- School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Applying Four-Step Characteristic Ion Filtering with HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS Spectrometer Approach for Rapid Compound Structures Characterization and Major Representative Components Quantification in Modified Tabusen-2 Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:9255305. [PMID: 35003312 PMCID: PMC8741372 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9255305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Modified Tabusen-2 decoction (MTBD) is traditional Chinese Mongolia medicine, mainly used to treat osteoporosis. However, the precise material basis of this prescription is not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we establish an HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS spectrometer method with four-step characteristic ion filtering (FSCIF) strategy to quickly and effectively identify the structural features of MTBD and determine the representative compounds content. The FSCIF strategy included database establishment, characteristic ions summarization, neutral loss fragments screening, and secondary mass spectrum fragment matching four steps. By using this strategy, a total of 143 compounds were unambiguously or tentatively annotated, including 5 compounds which were first reported in MTBD. Nineteen representative components were simultaneously quantified with the HPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS spectrometer, and it is suitable for eight batches of MTBD. Methodology analysis showed that the assay method had good repeatability, accuracy, and stability. The method established above was successfully applied to assess the quality of MTBD extracts. Collectively, our findings enhance our molecular understanding of the MTBD formulation and will allow us to control its quality in a better way. At the same time, this study can promote the development and utilization of ethnic medicine.
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Validation of a greener procedure for the extraction of triterpenic acids from Hedyotis corymbosa. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu J, Ma X, Shi W, Xing J, Ma C, Li S, Huang Y. Ultraviolet blocking and antioxidant polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with baicalin extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Baicalin, an active flavonoid ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was extracted by heat reflux extraction and showed the same significance UV absorption property with standard baicalin. Active films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing baicalin extract by casting method. The effect of baicalin extracts on the UV-blocking, optical, antioxidant property, water vapor permeability, swelling and mechanical properties of the films were studied. UV–vis transmittance spectra showed that PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract blocked ultraviolet light range from 280–400 nm even with low concentration of baicalin (0.5 wt%) and maintain the high transparency in visible spectrum. The outstanding UV-blocking properties of PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract were also confirmed by Rhodamine B degradation. Baicalin conferred antioxidant properties to PVA films as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the interaction between hydroxy groups of baicalin and PVA molecule, water vapor permeability, swelling and elongation at break of the films were decreased accompanied with the increasing in tensile strength and Young’s modulus. FTIR reveal that the interaction between PVA molecules was significant changed by the introduction of baicalin. These results suggest that PVA film incorporated with baicalin extract can be used for the development of functional protective film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , Shaanxi Province, China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi’an 710129 , Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhao Shi
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Jianwei Xing
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Susong Li
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
| | - Yayi Huang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University , Xi’an 710048 , China
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Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Progress in the Pretreatment and Analysis of Flavonoids: An Update since 2013. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2020.1801469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Separation and quantification of bioactive flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata using a green procedure. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Ahmed Z, Siddique R, Zeng XA, Rahaman A, Muhammad Aadil R, Wahab A. Novel extraction techniques and pharmaceutical activities of luteolin and its derivatives. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12974. [PMID: 31489656 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a 3', 4', 5, 7 tetra hydroxyl flavonoid that exits in many plants, fruits, and vegetable. Many methods of extraction, isolation, and purification are being used, and therapeutic properties are being under discussion due to its valuable role in nutrition and human health. In this review, we have summarized conventional and novel extraction techniques from most recent research on luteolin, its derivatives, and its biological activities. Maceration, soxhlet, reflux, hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and high-speed counter-current chromatography extraction techniques are being used for isolation and purification of these phytochemicals. The anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antiviral, heart protective, neurological impairments protection, anti-aging, and whiting properties have been discussed in this review. The literature suggests luteolin and its derivative has many promising health benefits and its therapeutic activity is strongly associated with isolating and purifying solvents and extraction techniques. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review aims to highlight the sources, novel extraction techniques, and pharmaceutical properties of luteolin. This review provides enough knowledge about how to get maximum extraction yield of luteolin using the novel extraction techniques. Because its therapeutic activity is strongly associated with isolating and purifying solvents and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Meng L, Gui X, Yun Z. A New Method to Extract Oridonin and Rosmarinic Acid Simultaneously from Rabdosia Rubescens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new approach employing conventional solid-liquid extraction has been developed to separate oridonin (ORI) and rosmarinic acid (RA) simultaneously from Rabdosia rubescens. The effects of important parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) method based on five-level, three-variable central composite design (CCD). A higher recovery rate of 65 % ORI and 88.5 % RA in conjunction with a maximum yield of 9.6 % on the plant dry weight was obtained when liquid-to-solid ratio (LtS) was 12 ml/g, ethanol content (EtC) of 80 %, extract time for 75 min. A quadratic equation was proposed to correlate the independent variables for maximum 9.6 % yield and it is in consistence with the predictive value of 9.52 %. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that ORI and RA in final product were 6.65 times and 9.1 times richer than raw material. With the newly developed process, an extract enriched ORI and RA was obtained with fewer cost and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Xia Gui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
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Effect of emergent non-thermal extraction technologies on bioactive individual compounds profile from different plant materials. Food Res Int 2018; 115:177-190. [PMID: 30599930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extraction is the first step for isolation and purification of interesting bioactive compounds, by mixing of the plant material with an adequate solvent. Those bioactive compounds are, usually, secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids which are present in closed insoluble structures, making its extraction a challenge. There are many different traditional extraction methods, such as Soxhlet, heat reflux, and maceration. Nevertheless, due to several disadvantages, they are being replaced by new methods, using emergent technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasounds, pulsed electric fields, and supercritical fluids. The use of novel technologies allows enhancing mass transfer rates, increasing cell permeability as well as increasing secondary metabolite diffusion, leading to higher extraction yields, fewer impurities on the final extract, extractions at room temperature with thermo-sensitive structures preservation, use of different non-organic solvents, low energy consumption, short operation time, and have no significant or lower effect on the structure of bioactive compounds. This paper aims to review the effect of the main emergent extraction technologies (high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultrasounds, and supercritical fluid assisted) on the individual profile of bioactive compounds from plant material.
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Development and characterization of a green procedure for apigenin extraction from Scutellaria barbata D. Don. Food Chem 2018; 252:381-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Li P, Lapčík L, Lapčíková B, Kalytchuk S. Physico-chemical study of flavonoids from different matureness corn silk material. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There was tested a simple extraction procedure of flavonoids separation from the original corn silk (CS) material. It was found, that the total flavonoids content differs with the extraction time and extraction temperature. There were found different flavonoids contents in extracts prepared from different maturity stages of the original corn silk material (silking stage (CS-S), milky stage (CS-M)). Extracted flavonoids content was quantified by the lutin standardization method by means of colorimetry at 510 nm wavelength. Obsreved flavonoids concentration was ranging from 2×10-3 mg.mL-1 to 7 ×10-3 mg.mL-1 dependent on the extraction time period and extraction temperature. The highest flavonoids concentration of 7.5×10-3 mg.mL-1 was found for CS-M after 20 minutes extraction time and 80 °C extraction temperature. There was confirmed the presence of flavonoids by fluorescence mapping experiments. There was found a typical multistep decomposition process for both CS-S and CS-M materials by TG analysis. There was found a melting temperature of flavonoids of 54.3 °C for corn silk silking stage material exhibiting 58.9 J.g-1 heat of fusion and 60.2 °C for corn silk milky stage material with 112.9 J.g-1 heat of fusion. The optimal conditions of corn silk flavonoids extraction were 40 ℃, 50 minutes for CS-S, the optimal flavonoids extraction content was (6.8 ±2.1)×10-3 mg.mL-1, 80℃, 20 minutes for CS-M and the optimal extraction content was (7.2 ±0.3)×10-3 mg.mL-1.
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da Silva DT, Herrera R, Heinzmann BM, Calvo J, Labidi J. Nectandra grandiflora By-Products Obtained by Alternative Extraction Methods as a Source of Phytochemicals with Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020372. [PMID: 29425157 PMCID: PMC6017794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectandra grandiflora Nees (Lauraceae) is a Brazilian native tree recognized by its durable wood and the antioxidant compounds of its leaves. Taking into account that the forest industry offers the opportunity to recover active compounds from its residues and by-products, this study identifies and underlines the potential of natural products from Nectandra grandiflora that can add value to the forest exploitation. This study shows the effect of three different extraction methods: conventional (CE), ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and microwave-assisted (MAE) on Nectandra grandiflora leaf extracts (NGLE) chemical yields, phenolic and flavonoid composition, physical characteristics as well as antioxidant and antifungal properties. Results indicate that CE achieves the highest extraction phytochemical yield (22.16%), but with similar chemical composition to that obtained by UAE and MAE. Moreover, CE also provided a superior thermal stability of NGLE. The phenolic composition of NGLE was confirmed firstly, by colorimetric assays and infrared spectra and then by chromatographic analysis, in which quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside was detected as the major compound (57.75–65.14%). Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the NGLE was not altered by the extraction methods, finding a high radical inhibition in all NGLE (>80% at 2 mg/mL). Regarding the antifungal activity, there was observed that NGLE possess effective bioactive compounds, which inhibit the Aspergillus niger growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Thomas da Silva
- Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Ave. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Rene Herrera
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain.
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Ave. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Javier Calvo
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Platform, CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 200009 San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain.
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Ultrasonic Assisted-Reflux Synergistic Extraction of Camptothecin and Betulinic Acid from Camptotheca acuminata Decne. Fruits. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071076. [PMID: 28654014 PMCID: PMC6152106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient ultrasonic assisted-reflux synergistic extraction (UARSE) method for extracting camptothecin (CPT) and betulinic acid (BA) from Camptotheca acuminata Decne. fruits has been developed in this study. The advantages of the ultrasonic and reflux extraction methods have been combined in the UARSE method and used to extract CPT and BA for the first time. The parameters influencing the efficiency of UARSE were optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the maximum extraction yield of CPT and BA. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 225 W for the ultrasonic power; 24 min for the extraction time; and 32 mL/g for the liquid–solid ratio. The extraction yields obtained by UARSE were 2.386 ± 0.112 mg/g for CPT and 17.192 ± 0.808 mg/g for BA, which were 1.43-fold and 1.33-fold, respectively, higher than by using heating reflux extraction (HRE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). In addition, the 24-min extraction time using UARSE was 80% and 60% less than those provided by HRE and UAE, respectively. Therefore, UARSE can be considered a rapid and efficient method for extracting CPT and BA from the fruits of C. acuminata Decne.
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Isolation of triterpenic acid-rich extracts from Hedyotis corymbosa using ultrasound-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and determination of their fictitious solubilities. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Functional components in Scutellaria barbata D. Don with anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:31-40. [PMID: 29389569 PMCID: PMC9332654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the variety and amount of various functional components in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as well as study their anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were shown to contain the functional components including phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, with the former mainly composed of phenolics and flavonoids, and the latter of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Both extracts could significantly inhibit (p < 0.05) the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interlukin-6, and interlukin-1β, as well as the expressions of phosphor extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphor-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but failed to retard tumor necrosis factor-α expression. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory efficiency can be varied for both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, which can be attributed to the presence of different varieties and amounts of functional components, as mentioned above. This finding suggested that S. Barbata extract may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for possible future biomedical application.
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Moore OA, Gao Y, Chen AY, Brittain R, Chen YC. The Extraction, Anticancer Effect, Bioavailability, and Nanotechnology of Baicalin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 27790646 PMCID: PMC5079443 DOI: 10.23937/2572-3278.1510011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The dried root of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) has been historically and widely used in traditional Eastern medicine. Modern science proved that baicalin is the major bioactive responsible for the physiological activity of Baikal skullcap. Baicalin, a flavonoid found in several species in the genus Scutellaria, has been regarded as a potent anticancer agent. In this review, we present the main extraction methods, anticancer activity and bioavailability of baicalin. Besides, the utilization of nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of baicalin is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrea A Moore
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Allen Y Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ross Brittain
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology & Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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Liu T, Yang L, Sui X, Zhang J, Li L, Fu S, Li W, Liang X. Vacuum-powered bubble-assisted solvent extraction followed by macroporous resin enrichment for isolation of podophyllotoxin from Sinopodophyllum emodi. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:364-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Yang YC, Wei MC. Ethanol solution-modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of triterpenic acids from Hedyotis corymbosa with ultrasound assistance and determination of their solubilities. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Determination of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids in Hedyotis diffusa Using Hyphenated Ultrasound-Assisted Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Chromatography. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:450547. [PMID: 26089939 PMCID: PMC4451576 DOI: 10.1155/2015/450547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) were extracted from Hedyotis diffusa using a hyphenated procedure of ultrasound-assisted and supercritical carbon dioxide (HSC–CO2) extraction at different temperatures, pressures, cosolvent percentages, and SC–CO2 flow rates. The results indicated that these parameters significantly affected the extraction yield. The maximal yields of OA (0.917 mg/g of dry plant) and UA (3.540 mg/g of dry plant) were obtained at a dynamic extraction time of 110 min, a static extraction time of 15 min, 28.2 MPa, and 56°C with a 12.5% (v/v) cosolvent (ethanol/water = 82/18, v/v) and SC–CO2 flowing at 2.3 mL/min (STP). The extracted yields were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the OA and UA. The present findings revealed that H. diffusa is a potential source of OA and UA. In addition, using the hyphenated procedure for extraction is a promising and alternative process for recovering OA and UA from H. diffusa at high concentrations.
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Zhang Z, He L, Lu L, Liu Y, Dong G, Miao J, Luo P. Characterization and quantification of the chemical compositions of Scutellariae Barbatae herba and differentiation from its substitute by combining UHPLC–PDA–QTOF–MS/MS with UHPLC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:62-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang YC, Wei MC. Kinetic and characterization studies for three bioactive compounds extracted from Rabdosia rubescens using ultrasound. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kinetic studies for ultrasound-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of triterpenic acids from healthy tea ingredient Hedyotis diffusa and Hedyotis corymbosa. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Extraction characteristics and kinetic studies of oleanolic and ursolic acids from Hedyotis diffusa under ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yang YC, Wei MC, Hong SJ. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and quantitation of oils from Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) with supercritical carbon dioxide. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1323:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yang YC, Wei MC, Chiu HF, Huang TC. Development and Validation of a Modified Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method and a HPLC Method for the Quantitative Determination of Two Triterpenic Acids in Hedyotis diffusa. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) contents of Hedyotis diffusa and H. corymbosa were determined by a rapid, selective and accurate method combining modified ultrasound-assisted extraction (MUAE) and HPLC. Compared with traditional extraction methods, MUAE reduced the extraction time, the extraction temperature and the solvent consumption and maximized the extraction yields of OA and UA. Furthermore, the combined MUAE–HPLC method was applied to quantitate OA and UA in plant samples and exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility and stability. The mean recovery studies (one extraction cycle) for OA and UA were between 91.3 and 91.7% with RSD values less than 4.5%. The pioneer method was further applied to quantitate OA and UA in six samples of H. diffusa and five samples of H. corymbosa. The results showed that the OA and UA content in the samples from different sources were significantly different. This report is valuable for the application of H. diffusa and H. corymbosa obtained from different regions in clinical research and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiao Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Wei
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chia Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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