A validated GC/MS method for the determination of amisulpride in whole blood

[Integrated multi-column two-dimensional liquid chromatographic system for determination of amisulpride in serum]

快速准确的治疗药物监测对于临床上确保患者用药有效性及安全性至关重要,同时也能够确定患者用药依从性,制定个性化给药方案。该文以两支疏水性略有差异的反相分离柱Supersil ODS2和SinoChrom ODS-BP,及强阳离子交换捕集柱Supersil SCX构建了基于集成化的多柱二维液相色谱系统。通过二维色谱接口,以pH 3.0的磷酸缓冲液调整第一维分离后的洗脱液组成,降低有机相含量并维持pH,改善了中心切割模式下样品转移和捕集的效率。利用该多柱二维液相色谱系统发展了血清中氨磺必利的二维液相色谱检测方法,血清样品经过高氯酸和甲醇混合液沉淀蛋白质并离心后直接300 μL大体积进样,以乙腈/磷酸缓冲液(25 mmol/L, pH 3.0)(20/80, v/v)作为第一维分离流动相,磷酸缓冲液(25 mmol/L, pH 3.0)作为捕集过程的稀释流动相,乙腈/磷酸缓冲液(25 mmol/L, pH 7.0)(25/75, v/v)作为第二维分离流动相,12 min内即可完成分析。方法在10~200 ng/mL的范围内线性相关性良好(r=0.9998)。样品在50 ng/mL和100 ng/mL两个加标浓度下的回收率稳定,在73.7%~76.8%之间。方法的检出限为7.28 ng/mL,定量限为24.27 ng/mL,能够满足《神经精神药理学治疗药物检测共识指南》中推荐的药物监控范围要求。由于该系统日常使用及维护成本较低,且能够实现自动化分析,故该方法适合在临床上用于治疗药物监测研究。

Pharmacokinetic Study of Safrole and Methyl Eugenol after Oral Administration of the Essential Oil Extracts of Asarum in Rats by GC-MS

Asarum is a traditional medicine and has been widely used as remedies for inflammatory diseases, toothache, headache, local anesthesia, and aphthous stomatitis in China, Japan, and Korea. Our previous research found that safrole and methyl eugenol were vital compounds that contribute to distinguish the different species and raw Asarum and its processed products apart. The pharmacokinetics of safrole and methyl eugenol after oral administration of Asarum extract has not been reported yet. In this study, a rapid and simple gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method that has a complete run time of only 4.5 min was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of safrole and methyl eugenol in rat plasma after administration of Asarum extracts. The chromatographic separation was realized on a DB-17 column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm). And detection was carried out under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Plasma samples were pretreated by n-hexane. The pharmacokinetic parameters provided by this study will be beneficial for further developments and clinical applications of Asarum.

Advances in detection of antipsychotics in biological matrices

Measuring antipsychotic concentrations in human matrices is important for both therapeutic drug monitoring and forensic toxicology. This review provides a critical overview of the analytical methods for detection and quantification of antipsychotics published in the last four years. Focus lies on advances in sample preparation, analytical techniques and alternative matrices. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used most often for quantification of antipsychotics. This sensitive technique makes it possible to determine low concentrations not only in serum, plasma or whole blood, but also in alternative matrices like oral fluid, dried blood spots, hair, nails and other body tissues. Current literature on analytical techniques for alternative matrices is still limited and often requires a more thorough validation including a comparison between conventional and alternative results to determine their actual value. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) makes it possible to quantify a high amount of compounds within a shorter run time. This technique is widely used for multi-analyte methods. Only recently, high-resolution mass spectrometry has gained importance when a combination of screening of (un)known metabolites, and quantification is required.