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Cao Y, Li Y, Guo B, Zhang J, Wu X, Yu J, Cao G, Fan Y, Wu H. Population pharmacokinetics of levornidazole in healthy subjects and patients, and sequential dosing regimen proposal using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 61:106754. [PMID: 36773938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although sequential treatment with levornidazole has been used for anaerobic infection in clinical practice, there is no evidence-based dosing regimen. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of levornidazole in healthy subjects and patients, and to propose an evidence-based sequential dosing regimen by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. A population PK model was built using the data of 116 Chinese subjects, including 88 healthy young subjects, 12 healthy elderly subjects, and 16 patients with intra-abdominal anaerobic infection. PK/PD analysis was performed combining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of levornidazole against 375 anaerobic strains. Four sequential dosing regimens (500 mg q12h, 1000 mg loading dose followed by 500 mg q12h, 750 mg q24h, and 1000 mg q24h) were evaluated in terms of cumulative fraction of response (CFR) and probability of target attainment (PTA) by Monte Carlo simulation. The concentration data of levornidazole and its active metabolites were described adequately by two- and one-compartment models, respectively. Body weight was identified as a significant covariate of levornidazole clearance. Simulations showed that satisfactory PTA (>90%) was achieved for the four dosing regimens when MIC ≤1 mg/L. Considering the simulation results, patients' safety and compliance, levornidazole 750 mg intravenous infusion q24h for 2 days followed by 750 mg oral dose q24h for 5 days was optimal for Bacteroides spp. with an identified MIC ≤1 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Cao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailan Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
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Wu H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yu J, Fan Y, Li Y, Wang J, Cao G, Guo B, Chen Y, Liu X, Bian X, Wu J, Li H, Wu X, Zhang J. Pharmacokinetics of Levornidazole Tablet in Healthy Chinese Subjects and Proposed Dosing Regimen Based on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:911-923. [PMID: 33826105 PMCID: PMC8116427 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levornidazole is a novel nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent active against anaerobes. We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of levornidazole after single and multiple oral doses of levornidazole tablets in healthy Chinese subjects and propose the dosing regimen based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with a single ascending dose (250, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg) and multiple doses of 500 mg levornidazole q12h for 7 days. Food effect on PK and absolute bioavailability were investigated at the 500 mg dose level. Blood and urine samples were collected to determine the PK parameters of levornidazole. The probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation to predict the clinical efficacy of levornidazole tablets. RESULTS Plasma concentration reached peak about 0.5 h after single dose (250-1500 mg) of levornidazole tablets. The maximal concentration (Cmax) and exposure (AUC0-∞) of levornidazole increased linearly with dose. High-fat diet did not affect the absorption extent of levornidazole tablets. The absolute oral bioavailability of levornidazole tablets was 98.3% ± 7.6%, associated with large apparent volume of distribution (48.68 ± 4.92 l) and long half-life (11.93 ± 1.28 h). The urinary excretion of levornidazole was 7.99%. Levornidazole, administered at either 500 mg q12h or 750 mg q24h, achieved a CFR > 95.4% and PTA > 99% for B. fragilis (minimum inhibitory concentration ≤ 1.0 mg/l) infections. CONCLUSION Levornidazole tablets are absorbed rapidly and completely and distributed extensively with a long half-life and low urinary excretion after a single dose or multiple doses in healthy Chinese subjects. Levornidazole tablets can be taken with or without food. Levornidazole tablets 500 mg q12h and 750 mg q24h are expected to achieve the desired efficacy in B. fragilis infections. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION Trial registration number CTR20160786 at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Nanjing San-home Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xingchen Bian
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jufang Wu
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Nanjing San-home Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Phase I Unit, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,China Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Huashan Hospital), Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Wu H, Xie S, Yu J, Chen Y, Wu J, Guo B, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhang J. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levornidazole in Patients With Intra-abdominal Anaerobic Infection. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1548-1555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Recent advances in biological sample preparation methods coupled with chromatography, spectrometry and electrochemistry analysis techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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He G, Guo B, Zhang J, Li Y, Wu X, Fan Y, Chen Y, Cao G, Yu J. Determination of the sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of levornidazole in human plasma and urine, and levornidazole and its five metabolites in human feces by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Levornidazole is a novel third-generation nitroimidazoles antibiotic which metabolism and disposition in human are not well known. We have previously developed two methods to quantify levornidazole and its phase I metabolites, Ml (Hydroxylation metabolite), M2 (N-dealkylation metabolite) and M4 (Oxidative dechlorination metabolite), in human plasma and urine. In this study, we developed three novel liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methods and analyzed its phase II metabolites, sulfate conjugate (M6) and glucuronide conjugate (M16), in human plasma and urine, and the parent drug and above-mentioned five metabolites in human feces samples. Analytes and internal standard (IS) in human plasma were extracted by a solid-phase extraction procedure and separated on an ACQUITY UPLC CSH C18 column in gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase. The pretreatment procedures for urine and feces homogenate samples involved a protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction, and chromatographic separations were performed on the Atlantis T3 columns of different lengths and particle sizes (2.1 × 50 mm, 3 μm and 2.1 × 150 mm, 5 μm), respectively. The mobile phases consisted of formic acid and acetonitrile-methanol solution (v/v, 50:50) in gradient elution. The MS/MS analysis was conducted on TSQ Quantum triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in the positive ion mode. The calibration curves for all analytes were linear and the validation ranges were as follows: 0.005-0.500 μg/mL for M6 and 0.005-2.500 μg/mL for M16 in plasma; 0.010-10.000 μg/mL for M6 and M16 in urine; 0.005-1.000 μg/mL for levornidazole, M2, M4 and M16, and 0.010-2.000 μg/mL for M1 and M6 in human feces homogenate. Across these matrices, mean intra- and inter- batch accuracy values were in the ranges of 80.0%-120.0%, and intra- and inter-batch precision values did not exceed 20%. It was fully validated including selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, extraction recovery, stability, dilution integrity, carryover and incurred sample analysis (ISR). These newly developed methods were successfully applied in pharmacokinetics, metabolism and disposition study of levornidazole in 12 healthy Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoli He
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai 200040, China
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Guo B, He G, Wu X, Yu J, Cao G, Li Y, Fan Y, Chen Y, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Levornidazole in Elderly Subjects and Dosing Regimen Evaluation Using Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis. Clin Ther 2017; 39:1336-1346. [PMID: 28619503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.05.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Levornidazole, the levo-isomer of ornidazole, is a third-generation nitroimidazole derivative newly developed after metronidazole, tinidazole, and ornidazole. An open-label, parallel-controlled, single-dose study was conducted for the investigation of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of levornidazole and its metabolites in healthy elderly Chinese subjects, and for the evaluation of 2 dosing regimens in the elderly. METHODS Levornidazole was intravenously administered at 500 mg to healthy elderly (aged 60-80 years) or young subjects (aged 19-45 years). The PK profiles of levornidazole and its metabolites in elderly subjects were evaluated and compared with those in the young group. WinNonlin software was used for simulating the PK profile of levornidazole in the elderly population following the dosing regimens of 500 mg BID and 750 mg once daily for 7 days. Monte Carlo simulation was used for estimating the cumulative fraction of response and probability of target attainment of both dosing regimens against Bacteroides spp. RESULTS The Cmax, AUC0-24, and AUC0-∞ values of levornidazole in the elderly group were 11.98 μg/mL, 131.36 μg·h/mL, and 173.61 μg·h/mL, respectively. The t1/2, CLt, and mean residence time from time 0 to infinity were 12.21 hours, 2.91 L/h, and 16.46 hours. The metabolic ratios of metabolites (M) 1, 2, 4, and 6 were <3.0%, and that of M16 was 17.70%. The urinary excretion values of levornidazole, M1, M2, M4, M6, and M16 over 96 hours were 10.21%, 0.92%, ~0%, 2.69%, 0.54%, and 41.98%. The PK properties of levornidazole and the urinary excretion of all metabolites were not statistically different between the 2 groups. The cumulative fraction of response was >90% against B fragilis and other Bacteroides spp, and the probability of target attainment was >90% when the minimum inhibitory concentration was ≤1 μg/mL, in both groups. IMPLICATIONS No dosing regimen adjustment is suggested when levornidazole is used in elderly patients with normal hepatic functioning and mild renal dysfunction. The findings from the PK/PD analysis imply that both regimens may achieve satisfactory clinical and microbiological efficacy against anaerobic infections in elderly patients. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) identifier: ChiCTR-OPC-16007938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoli He
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoguo Shi
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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Cao Y, Wu X, Chen Y, Guo B, Yu J, Cao G, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Improved pharmacokinetic profile of levornidazole following intravenous infusion of 750mg every 24h compared with 500mg every 12h in healthy Chinese volunteers. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:224-8. [PMID: 26920104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Levornidazole is the levo-isomer of ornidazole with similar anti-anaerobic activity and lower central neurotoxicity compared with ornidazole. This open-label, parallel, randomised, multidose trial was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and safety of levornidazole following intravenous (i.v.) infusion 750mg every 24h (q24h) (test group, 12 subjects) versus 500mg every 12h (q12h) (reference group, 12 subjects) for 7 days in healthy Chinese volunteers. Following i.v. infusion for 7 days, the test group showed a 33.8% lower accumulation ratio (AR) and a 45.0% higher volume of distribution of levornidazole than the reference group. The cumulative urinary excretion rate of levornidazole during the 0-72h period (Ae0-72) was 16.6±20.9% in the test group and 24.2±5.7% in the reference group. The metabolite M1/parent and M4/parent ratios were, respectively, 2.18±0.77% and 2.94±0.37% in test group and 3.15±1.09% and 3.18±0.34% in the reference group. The Ae0-72 of M1, M2 and M4 were all <10% in both groups. Both regimens were well tolerated. Drug-related adverse events were generally transient and were mild or moderate in severity. These findings support the recommendation of i.v. infusion of levornidazole 750mg q24h in clinical practice, which shows a lower AR and similar safety compared with the conventional 500mg q12h regimen. [Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR-IPR-14005574.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Cao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Beining Guo
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yaoguo Shi
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Lv C, Li Q, Liu X, He B, Sui Z, Xu H, Yin Y, Liu R, Bi K. Determination of catecholamines and their metabolites in rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the study of identifying potential markers for Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:354-363. [PMID: 25800017 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the potential links between catecholamines (CAs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods in different ionization modes for the quantification of 14 CAs and their metabolites in rat urine without derivatization or complex sample pre-treatments were developed. After addition of the internal standard, isoproterenol, the urine samples were extracted by protein precipitation and separated on an Inertsil ODS-EP column (Shimadzu, Japan) at a flow of 1.0 ml min(-1). Tandem mass spectrometric detection was performed on a 4000Q UPLC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with turbo ion spray source. Tyrosine, dopamine, noradrenaline, epinephrine, 3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine and metanephrine were determined in positive mode, while 3,4-dihyroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DL-3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl glycol, homovanillic acid, DL-4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol were determined in negative mode. The methods were examined and were found to be precise and accurate within the linearity range of the assays. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the analytes were well within acceptance criteria (±15%). The mean extraction recoveries of analytes and internal standard were all more than 60%. The validated methods have been successfully applied to compare CAs profiles in normal and AD rats. The results indicated the urine levels of DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl glycol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol in AD rats were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and the other CAs have an opposite performance. These may attribute to the difference of some enzyme activity between rats with AD and normal. Furthermore, this may be helpful in clinical diagnostics and monitor the efficacy of AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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