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Tai G, Xia F, Chen C, Pereira A, Pirhalla J, Miao X, Young G, Beaumont C, Chen L. Investigation of the human metabolism and disposition of the prolyl hydrolase inhibitor daprodustat using IV microtracer with Entero-Test bile string. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e1145. [PMID: 37885335 PMCID: PMC10603292 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Daprodustat is an oral small molecule hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI) approved in Japan and the United States for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. This phase 1, nonrandomized, 2-period, crossover study in 6 healthy men characterized and quantified the metabolites generated after a microtracer IV infusion of 50 μg (125 nCi) [14 C]-daprodustat administered concomitantly with a nonradiolabeled therapeutic dose of a 6-mg daprodustat tablet, followed by a single oral solution dose of 25 mg (62.5 μCi) [14 C]-daprodustat. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioactivity detection (TopCount or AMS) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MSn ) were used for quantitative measurement and structural identification of radioactive metabolites in plasma, urine, feces, and bile. Following oral administration of [14 C]-daprodustat, unchanged daprodustat was the principal circulating drug-related component, accounting for 40% of plasma radioactivity. Predominant oxidative metabolites M2, M3, M4, and M13 individually represented 6-8% of the plasma radioactivity and together accounted for the majority of radioactivity in urine and feces (53% in both matrices; 12% and 41% of dose, respectively). Unchanged daprodustat was not detected in urine and was only 0.7% of total radioactivity in feces (<0.5% of dose), with the remainder of the dose accounted for by oxidative metabolites. The radio-metabolic profile of duodenal bile following IV infusion of [14 C]-daprodustat was similar to that observed in feces after oral administration. The data suggested that oral daprodustat was extensively absorbed, cleared exclusively by oxidative metabolism, and eliminated via hepatobiliary (primary) and urinary (secondary) excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Tai
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Fangming Xia
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
City of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cathy Chen
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Adrian Pereira
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSK, StevenageHertfordshireUK
| | - Jill Pirhalla
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiusheng Miao
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Graeme Young
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSK, WareHertfordshireUK
| | - Claire Beaumont
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSK, StevenageHertfordshireUK
| | - Liangfu Chen
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
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Roskam G, van de Velde B, Gargano A, Kohler I. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Chiral Analysis, Part 2: Applications. LCGC EUROPE 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.eu.fn8374q5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the second part of this review article, the recent progress in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for enantiomeric separations is evaluated. With the substantial developments carried out over the past years in instrumentation, columns, and detector hyphenation, the interest in chiral SFC has been steadily growing in various fields. In combination with novel developments in chiral stationary phase chemistries, the enantioselective analysis range has been significantly extended. Several applications reported on the enantioselective separation of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds using chiral SFC are discussed, including pharmaceutical applications, clinical research, forensic toxicology, and environmental sciences.
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Mahar KM, Shaddinger BC, Ramanjineyulu B, Andrews S, Caltabiano S, Lindsay AC, Cobitz AR. Pharmacokinetics of Daprodustat and Metabolites in Individuals with Normal and Impaired Hepatic Function. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:562-575. [PMID: 35355447 PMCID: PMC9310628 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Daprodustat is a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in development for treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. We evaluated the role of hepatic impairment on daprodustat pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability. Participants with mild (Child‐Pugh Class A, score 5‒6) and moderate (Child‐Pugh Class B, score 7‒9) hepatic impairment and matched healthy controls were administered single 6‐mg doses of daprodustat. Exposure parameters were determined for daprodustat and its six metabolites. Comparisons resulted in 1.5‐ and 2.0‐fold higher daprodustat Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) exposures in participants with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, respectively, versus controls; Cmax in mild hepatic impairment was comparable to controls. Similarly, aligned with parent drug, unbound daprodustat Cmax and AUC exposures increased 1.6‐ to 2.3‐fold in hepatic‐impaired participants versus controls, and metabolite exposures were 1.2‐ to 2.0‐fold higher in participants with hepatic impairment. Erythropoeitin (EPO) baseline‐corrected AUC exposures were between 0.3‐fold lower and 2.2‐fold higher in matched controls versus hepatic‐impaired participants. No serious or study drug‐related adverse events were reported. Daprodustat exposure was increased in participants with moderate and mild hepatic impairment compared with matched controls; however, no meaningful differences in EPO were observed and no new safety concerns were identified (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03223337).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Mahar
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling & Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Andrews
- Clinical Science & Study Operations, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Caltabiano
- Medicine Delivery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alistair C Lindsay
- Medicine Delivery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander R Cobitz
- Medicine Delivery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen L, Dean B, Liang X. A technical overview of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) and its recent applications in pharmaceutical research and development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 40:69-75. [PMID: 34916026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the growing development and applications of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) for the analysis of small molecular analytes and biomarkers in drug discovery. As an alternative chromatographic technique, SFC instrumentation and methodology have dramatically advanced over the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) provides the powerful detection capability as it couples with SFC. A growing number of SFC-MS/MS applications were reported over the last decade and the application areas of SFC-MS/MS is rapidly expanding. The first part of this review is devoted to the different aspects of SFC-MS development and recent technological advancements. In the second part of this review, we highlight the recent application areas in pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chen
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA way, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Licea Perez H, Andonian C. Chemical derivatization in combination with supercritical fluid chromatography to improve resolution of stereoisomers. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:985-999. [PMID: 34081541 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quantification of stereoisomers in biological matrices is of pivotal importance for drug development. Supercritical fluid chromatography paired with chiral stationary phases is the gold standard for resolution of enantiomers. However, this technique often proves inadequate for resolution of polar stereoisomers. Materials & methods: A combination of achiral chemical derivatization with supercritical fluid chromatography using chiral stationary columns to improve enantiomeric resolution is described. Results: Separation of four possible stereoisomers of linerixibat was achieved after derivatization with 3N HCl in n-butanol within 12 min (case1). Derivatization with acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric anhydrides significantly improved the separation of stereoisomers (case 2 and 3) within 10 min. The best stereoisomeric resolution was achieved using valeric and isovaleric anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Licea Perez
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clara Andonian
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, In Vivo/In Vitro Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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van de Velde B, Guillarme D, Kohler I. Supercritical fluid chromatography - Mass spectrometry in metabolomics: Past, present, and future perspectives. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1161:122444. [PMID: 33246285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, which consists of the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, has been playing a growing role in the implementation of personalized medicine in modern healthcare. A wide range of analytical approaches are used in metabolomics, notably mass spectrometry (MS) combined to liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, none of these methods enable a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, due to its extreme complexity and the large differences in physico-chemical properties between metabolite classes. In this context, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) represents a promising alternative approach to improve the metabolome coverage, while further increasing the analysis throughput. SFC, which uses supercritical CO2 as mobile phase, leads to numerous advantages such as improved kinetic performance and lower environmental impact. This chromatographic technique has gained a significant interest since the introduction of advanced instrumentation, together with the introduction of dedicated interfaces for hyphenating SFC to MS. Moreover, new developments in SFC column chemistry (including sub-2 µm particles), as well as the use of large amounts of organic modifiers and additives in the CO2-based mobile phase, significantly extended the application range of SFC, enabling the simultaneous analysis of a large diversity of metabolites. Over the last years, several applications have been reported in metabolomics using SFC-MS - from lipophilic compounds, such as steroids and other lipids, to highly polar compounds, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, or nucleosides. With all these advantages, SFC-MS is promised to a bright future in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van de Velde
- VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Adams DF, Watkins MS, Durette L, Laliberté J, Goulet F, Debien E, Frazier KS, Mellal N, Chen L, Shi W, Thomas R, Hu E. Carcinogenicity Assessment of Daprodustat (GSK1278863), a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 48:362-378. [PMID: 31640478 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319880445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Daprodustat (GSK1278863) is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor in development for treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Daprodustat's biological activity simulates components of the natural response to hypoxia; inhibition of PHDs results in HIF stabilization and modulation of HIF-controlled gene products, including erythropoietin. The carcinogenic potential of daprodustat was evaluated in 2-year carcinogenicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats and CD-1 mice, where once-daily doses were administered. The mouse study also included evaluation of daprodustat's 3 major circulating human metabolites. There were no neoplastic findings that were considered treatment related in either study. Exaggerated pharmacology resulted in significantly increased red cell mass and subsequent multiorgan congestion and secondary non-neoplastic effects in both species, similar to those observed in chronic toxicity studies. In rats, these included aortic thrombosis and an exacerbation of spontaneous rodent cardiomyopathy, which contributed to a statistically significant decrease in survival in high-dose males (group terminated in week 94). Survival was not impacted in mice at any dose. Systemic exposures (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) to daprodustat at the high doses in rats and mice exceed predicted maximal human clinical exposure by ≥143-fold. These results suggest that daprodustat and metabolites do not pose a carcinogenic risk at clinical doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luc Durette
- Charles River Laboratories, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Félix Goulet
- Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elaine Debien
- Charles River Laboratories, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nacéra Mellal
- Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Wei Shi
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Erding Hu
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Thevis M, Walpurgis K, Thomas A. Analytical Approaches in Human Sports Drug Testing: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Solutions. Anal Chem 2019; 92:506-523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Katja Walpurgis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany
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9
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Harps LC, Joseph JF, Parr MK. SFC for chiral separations in bioanalysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 162:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhong H, Zhou T, Li H, Zhong Z. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers in the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3003-3011. [PMID: 30271115 PMCID: PMC6151102 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers on anemia in non-dialysis-dependent (NDD) and dialysis-dependent (DD) chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHODS Published studies were extracted from PubMed, China Biological Medicine Database (CBM), Wanfang database, and Cochrane Library on March 10, 2018, and relevant studies were pooled and included in a meta-analysis. Data on hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and hepcidin levels, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and incidence of adverse events (AEs) were extracted and pooled using Review Manager Version 5.3. RESULTS Data from nine selected studies were extracted. Meta-analysis of the included studies showed that HIF stabilizers reduced ferritin and hepcidin levels and increased Hb level and TIBC in NDD-CKD patients. However, HIF stabilizers only increased TIBC, and did not affect ferritin, hepcidin, and Hb levels in DD-CKD patients. Furthermore, no notable differences in AEs and severe AEs between NDD-CKD and DD-CKD patients were detected. CONCLUSION HIF stabilizers are effective for the treatment of anemia in NDD-CKD patients and safe for short-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China,
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China,
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China,
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Loos G, Van Schepdael A, Cabooter D. Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150366. [PMID: 27644982 PMCID: PMC5031633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Loos
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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