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Guo X, Li J, Bai H, Ma Q. Rapid on-site detection of persistent organic pollutants using multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9509. [PMID: 36945892 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rapid on-site detection of persistent organic pollutants (POP) is highly desirable for environmental protection. METHODS Herein, a rapid on-site analytical workflow was developed for the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds using multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified paper spray ionization (PSI) coupled with a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Critical parameters regarding PSI and miniature mass spectrometry analysis were optimized. RESULTS The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated under optimized conditions, obtaining a short analysis duration of less than 1 min, sufficient linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, acceptable recovery rates of 93.1%-105.8% with relative standard deviations of between 3.5% and 10.3%, and reasonable sensitivity with limits of detection and quantitation of 2-200 and 5-500 μg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Considering these aspects, it was concluded that the present approach demonstrated a promising solution for rapid on-site detection of emerging POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
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2
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Zango ZU, Ethiraj B, Al-Mubaddel FS, Alam MM, Lawal MA, Kadir HA, Khoo KS, Garba ZN, Usman F, Zango MU, Lim JW. An overview on human exposure, toxicity, solid-phase microextraction and adsorptive removal of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) from water matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116102. [PMID: 37196688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are sub-class of perfluoroalkyl substances commonly detected in water matrices. They are persistent in the environment, hence highly toxic to living organisms. Their occurrence at trace amount, complex nature and prone to matrix interference make their extraction and detection a challenge. This study consolidates current advancements in solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques for the trace-level analysis of PFCAs from water matrices. The advantages of the methods in terms of ease of applications, low-cost, robustness, low solvents consumption, high pre-concentration factors, better extraction efficiency, good selectivity and recovery of the analytes have been emphasized. The article also demonstrated effectiveness of some porous materials for the adsorptive removal of the PFCAs from the water matrices. Mechanisms of the SPE/adsorption techniques have been discussed. The success and limitations of the processes have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria; Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria.
| | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Fahad S Al-Mubaddel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Fellow, King Abdullah City for Renewable and Atomic Energy: Energy Research and Innovation Center, (ERIC), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haliru Aivada Kadir
- Department of Quality Assurance and Control, Dangote Cement Plc, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | - Fahad Usman
- Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Muttaqa Uba Zango
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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Yu L, Liu X, Hua Z, Zhang Y, Xue H. Spatial and temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl acids in water bodies: A case study in Taihu Lake, China (2009-2021). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118575. [PMID: 34838873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been ubiquitously detected in water bodies and are a cause of great public concern due to their adverse effects. This study investigated the long-term temporal-spatial trends of PFAAs in the water bodies of the entire Taihu Lake, and predicted PFAA concentrations for 2024. A field investigation conducted in 2021 and previous data allowed to derive trends over a broad temporal-spatial scale, which is often not feasible in short-term studies. In the 2009-2021 period, the most quantifiable PFAAs increased, among which perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexanoic acid were predominant. As of 2021, the mean total concentration of ten PFAAs (∑10PFAA) showed a distinct spatial decreasing trend, moving from north to south within the lake, and similar spatial distribution patterns were also noted in other years. The main PFAA input and most serious contamination were concentrated in the northern region, due to the riverine inputs and clustering of PFAA-related industries. The ∑10PFAA concentration in the wet season was greater and presented a more uniform distribution pattern than that in the dry season, possibly due to the combined effects of the degradation of PFAA precursors, water inflow, rainfall, shipping activities, and a shallow water column. From 2009 to 2021 the ∑10PFAA concentration of the entire lake showed an increasing trend, but the rate of increase was significantly reduced. In addition, a grey model predicted that the mean ∑10PFAA concentration in the entire Taihu Lake will reach 431 ng/L in 2024, and the northern region will be affected by a more serious PFAA pollution in the future because it exhibited a high mean ∑10PFAA concentration of 426 ng/L in 2021. These findings provide novel insights into the temporal-spatial distribution of PFAAs in Taihu Lake, and could help regulators to formulate policy decisions in response to PFAA pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Hongqin Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
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Wang X, Chen Z, Wang Y, Sun W. A review on degradation of perfluorinated compounds based on ultraviolet advanced oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118014. [PMID: 34517179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), as emerging persistent pollutants, can exist for a long time in the environment due to their high stability. PFCs have been detected in drinking water, wastewater, and the human body. Studies have shown that PFCs pose a threat to human health and the ecological environment, which is expected to be listed in new drinking water regulations. Traditional processes, including coagulation, biological filtration, chlorination, ozonolysis, and ultraviolet light have ineffective removal efficiency on PFCs; however, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) based on ultraviolet (UV) light have good application prospects for the removal of PFCs. This study provides an overview of the removal of PFCs by UV-based AOPs; systematically introduces the research status of various UV-based AOPs from the perspectives of degradation pathways, degradation efficiency, influencing factors, formation of by-products; and comprehensively compares these different UV-based AOPs. Finally, the limitations of existing research and future research needs are discussed. This review aims to provide an overview for a better understanding of the degradation status and prospects of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of PFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yonglei Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China.
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Yin HQ, Tan K, Jensen S, Teat SJ, Ullah S, Hei X, Velasco E, Oyekan K, Meyer N, Wang XY, Thonhauser T, Yin XB, Li J. A switchable sensor and scavenger: detection and removal of fluorinated chemical species by a luminescent metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14189-14197. [PMID: 34760204 PMCID: PMC8565388 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorosis has been regarded as a worldwide disease that seriously diminishes the quality of life through skeletal embrittlement and hepatic damage. Effective detection and removal of fluorinated chemical species such as fluoride ions (F−) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from drinking water are of great importance for the sake of human health. Aiming to develop water-stable, highly selective and sensitive fluorine sensors, we have designed a new luminescent MOF In(tcpp) using a chromophore ligand 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine (H4tcpp). In(tcpp) exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for turn-on detection of F− and turn-off detection of PFOA with a detection limit of 1.3 μg L−1 and 19 μg L−1, respectively. In(tcpp) also shows high recyclability and can be reused multiple times for F− detection. The mechanisms of interaction between In(tcpp) and the analytes are investigated by several experiments and DFT calculations. These studies reveal insightful information concerning the nature of F− and PFOA binding within the MOF structure. In addition, In(tcpp) also acts as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of F− (36.7 mg g−1) and PFOA (980.0 mg g−1). It is the first material that is not only capable of switchable sensing of F− and PFOA but also competent for removing the pollutants via different functional groups. A robust In-MOF, In(tcpp), demonstrates sensitive detection of the fluorinated chemical species F− and PFOA via distinctly different luminescence signal change, and effective adsorption and removal of both species from aqueous solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qing Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA .,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China .,Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology 391 Bin Shui Xi Dao Road Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Kui Tan
- Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Stephanie Jensen
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Xiuze Hei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ever Velasco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Kolade Oyekan
- Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas 800 W. Campbell Road Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Noah Meyer
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Xin-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Timo Thonhauser
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem NC 27109 USA
| | - Xue-Bo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University 123 Bevier Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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He X, He Y, Huang S, Fang Z, Liu J, Ma M, Chen B. Fluoro-functionalized paper-based solid-phase extraction for analysis of perfluorinated compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Deng ZH, Cheng CG, Wang XL, Shi SH, Wang ML, Zhao RS. Preconcentration and Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Water Samples by Bamboo Charcoal-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Prior to Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040902. [PMID: 29661989 PMCID: PMC6017341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, bamboo charcoal was used as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment of six perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in environmental water samples before liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The specific porous structure, high specific surface area, high porosity, and stability of bamboo charcoal were characterized. Several experimental parameters which considerably affect extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized in detail. The experimental data exhibited low limits of detection (LODs) (0.01–1.15 ng/L), wide linear range (2–3 orders of magnitude and R ≥ 0.993) within the concentration range of 0.1–1000 ng/L, and good repeatability (2.7–5.0%, n = 5 intraday and 4.8–8.3%, n = 5 interday) and reproducibility (5.3–8.0%, n = 3). Bamboo charcoal was successfully used for the enrichment and determination of PFAAs in real environmental water samples. The bamboo charcoal-based solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis possessed great potential in the determination of trace PFAA levels in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hui Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (C.-G.C.); (R.-S.Z.)
| | - Chuan-Ge Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (C.-G.C.); (R.-S.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (C.-G.C.); (R.-S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.-L.W.); (X.-L.W.)
| | - Shui-He Shi
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Dongming Environmental Protection Bureau, Dongming 274500, China;
| | - Ming-Lin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
- Correspondence: (M.-L.W.); (X.-L.W.)
| | - Ru-Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (C.-G.C.); (R.-S.Z.)
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Simultaneous determination of 21 trace perfluoroalkyl substances in fish by isotope dilution ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:45-52. [PMID: 29567443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been identified as emerging environmental contaminants. In this study, an efficient and accurate ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 21 PFASs in fish. Acetonitrile was used for sample extraction. Solid phase extraction (SPE) by WAX cartridges and then freezing at -30 °C were adopted as cleanup strategies. Strict measurements were performed to control background contamination during the whole procedure. Matrix effects were evaluated by external standard and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) methods. IDMS can compensate the matrix effects to a large extent. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 2 pg/g to 10 pg/g except for PFBA (120 pg/g). The method quantitation limits (MQLs) ranged from 5 pg/g to 30 pg/g except for PFBA (300 pg/g). The matrix spiked recoveries of three spiked levels were in the range of 79.6%-109%. The intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day RSD were from 0.94% to 13.9% and 0.36% to 11.2% respectively. Two fish tissue reference materials were analyzed by the developed method. The results of reference materials were within the uncertainty of the given value. The quantitative results of IDMS and standard addition (SA) - IDMS were comparable. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method was applied for PFASs detection in 20 marine fish samples. 9 PFASs were detected in the samples with the ∑9PFASs concentration range of 0.04 to 2.14 ng/g wet weight (ww).
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Ling J, Yu Y, Feng J, Xu C, Jiang J, Wang L, Long J, Li Y, Duan G. Restricted access magnetic core-mesoporous shell microspheres with C8-modified interior pore walls for the identification of 20( S )-protopanaxadiol metabolites in rat plasma using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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