Simultaneous electrochemiluminescence determination of galanthamine, homolycorine, lycorenine, and tazettine in Lycoris radiata by capillary electrophoresis with ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Carbon quantum dot with co-doped nitrogen and phosphorus for tazettine ratiometric fluorescent sensing

An overdose of tazettine (TZ) has toxic side effects, which makes it extremely important to rapidly and subtly determine the TZ. In this study, double-emitting, nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,P-CQDs) were prepared using cis-butenedioic acid, phosphoric acid, and p-phenylenediamine. An effective inner filter effect (IFE) can occur between TZ and N,P-CQDs, resulting in their fluorescence quench. Therefore, a ratio fluorescent probe was constructed for detecting the TZ was constructed. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the quenching efficiency showed a strong linear connection with the TZ concentration in the range of 0.01-30 µmol/L, with the detection limit of 0.002 µmol/L. This method could be satisfactorily applied to detect TZ in mouse plasma samples.

Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2019-mid 2021)

The review provides a comprehensive overview of developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) for analysis, microscale isolation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides from 2019 up to approximately the middle of 2021. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, sorption suppression, EOF control, and detection, are presented. New developments in the individual CE and CEC methods are demonstrated and several types of their applications are shown. They include qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatic reactions and physicochemical changes, amino acid, sequence, and chiral analyses, and peptide mapping of proteins. In addition, micropreparative separations and determination of significant physicochemical parameters of peptides by CE and CEC methods are described.

Recent Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Determination of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceutical Formulations

The present review summarizes scientific reports from between 2010 and 2019 on the use of capillary electrophoresis to quantify active constituents (i.e., phenolic compounds, coumarins, protoberberines, curcuminoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, triterpene acids) in medicinal plants and herbal formulations. The present literature review is founded on PRISMA guidelines and selection criteria were formulated on the basis of PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study type). The scrutiny reveals capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection as the most frequently used capillary electromigration technique for the selective separation and quantification of bioactive compounds. For the purpose of improvement of resolution and sensitivity, other detection methods are used (including mass spectrometry), modifiers to the background electrolyte are introduced and different extraction as well as pre-concentration techniques are employed. In conclusion, capillary electrophoresis is a powerful tool and for given applications it is comparable to high performance liquid chromatography. Short time of execution, high efficiency, versatility in separation modes and low consumption of solvents and sample make capillary electrophoresis an attractive and eco-friendly alternative to more expensive methods for the quality control of drugs or raw plant material without any relevant decrease in sensitivity.

Determination of Verapamil Hydrochloride and Norverapamil Hydrochloride in Rat Plasma by Capillary Electrophoresis With End-Column Electrochemiluminescence Detection and Their Pharmacokinetics Study

In this study, we developed a new method for simultaneous determination of verapamil hydrochloride (VerHCl) and its metabolite norverapamil hydrochloride (NorHCl) by using the capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linear ranges of the VerHCl and NorHCl concentrations were 0.015-10.0 and 0.060-10.0 μg/mL, respectively. The linearity relations were determined using the respective regression equations y = 581.2x + 19.94 and y = 339.4x + 29.16. The respective limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.006 and 0.024 μg/mL. The proposed method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of both agents in rat plasma. The maximum concentration (Cmax), half-life time (T1/2) and time to peak (Tmax) were 683.21 ± 74.81 ng/mL, 0.52 ± 0.21 h and 2.49 ± 0.32 h for VerHCl and 698.42 ± 71.45 ng/mL, 1.14 ± 0.26 h and 2.83 ± 0.23 h for NorHCl, respectively, following oral administration of 10 mg/kg VerHCl.

Amaryllidaceae andSceletiumalkaloids

Recent progress on the isolation, identification, biological activity and synthetic studies of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, as well as the structurally close alkaloids from theSceletiumgenus, published from July 2015 to June 2017 are reviewed.