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Erk N, Kurtay G, Bouali W, Sakal ZG, Genç AA, Erbaş Z, Soylak M. Electrochemical Detection of Melphalan in Biological Fluids Using a g-C 3N 4@ND-COOH@MoSe 2 Modified Electrode Complemented by Molecular Docking Studies with Cellular Tumor Antigen P53. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21058-21070. [PMID: 38764632 PMCID: PMC11097377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Melphalan (Mel) is a potent alkylating agent utilized in chemotherapy treatments for a diverse range of malignancies. The need for its accurate and timely detection in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples is paramount to ensure optimized therapeutic efficacy and to monitor treatment progression. To address this critical need, our study introduced a cutting-edge electrochemical sensor. This device boasts a uniquely modified electrode crafted from graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), decorated with activated nanodiamonds (ND-COOH) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), and specifically designed to detect Mel with unparalleled precision. Our rigorous testing employed advanced techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The outcomes were promising; the sensor consistently exhibited a linear response in the range of 0.5 to 12.5 μM. Even more impressively, the detection threshold was as low as 0.03 μM, highlighting its sensitivity. To further enhance our understanding of Mel's biological interactions, we turned to molecular docking studies. These studies primarily focused on Mel's interaction dynamics with the cellular tumor antigen P53, revealing a binding affinity of -5.0 kcal/mol. A fascinating observation was made when Mel was covalently conjugated with nanodiamond-COOH (ND-COOH). This conjugation resulted in a binding affinity that surged to -10.9 kcal/mol, clearly underscoring our sensor's superior detection capabilities. This observation also reinforced the wisdom behind incorporating ND-COOH in our electrode design. In conclusion, our sensor not only stands out in terms of sensitivity but also excels in selectivity and accuracy. By bridging electrochemical sensing with computational insights, our study illuminates Mel's intricate behavior, driving advancements in sensor technology and potentially revolutionizing cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Erk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülbin Kurtay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wiem Bouali
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeyneb Gülsüm Sakal
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asena Ayşe Genç
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Erbaş
- Yozgat Bozok University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, 66200 Yozgat, Turkey
- Erciyes University, Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University, Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06670, Turkey
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2
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Ahmed HEH, Mohammed AMA, Soylak M. A magnetic solid phase extraction procedure for Pb(II) at trace levels on magnetic Luffa@TiO 2 in food and water samples. Food Chem 2023; 428:136794. [PMID: 37421668 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic Luffa@TiO2 sorbent was synthesized and characterized by using XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. Magnetic Luffa@TiO2 was used for solid phase extraction of Pb(II) in food and water samples prior to its flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) detection. The analytical parameters such as pH, adsorbent quantity, type and volume of eluent, and foreign ions were optimized. Analytical features such as the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of Pb(II) are 0.04 μg L-1 and 0.13 μg L-1 for liquid samples and 0.159 ng/g and 0.529 ng/g for solid samples, respectively. The preconcentration factor (PF) and relative standard deviation (RSD%) were found 50, and 4 % respectively. The method was validated by using three certified reference materials (NIST SRM 1577b bovine liver, TMDA-53.3 and TMDA-64.3fortified water). The presented method was applied to lead contents of some food and natural water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Elzain Hassan Ahmed
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research & Application Center (ERU-TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Sudan Atomic Energy Commission (SAEC) - Chemistry and Nuclear Physics Institute, Khartoum, Sudan; Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) - College of Science-Scientific Laboratories Department, Chemistry Section, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ali Mohammednour Ali Mohammed
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research & Application Center (ERU-TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Kassala University, Faculty of Education, Department of Chemistry, Kassala, Sudan
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research & Application Center (ERU-TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar Mahallesi, Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112, 06670 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Ulusoy HI, Polat U, Ulusoy S. Use of newly synthetized magnetic Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide for the sensitive analysis of antidepressant drugs, duloxetine and vilazodone in wastewater and urine samples. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20125-20134. [PMID: 37416904 PMCID: PMC10321226 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new enrichment and determination method involving HPLC-DAD analysis following magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) was developed to detect trace amounts of two antidepressant drugs, namely, duloxetine (DUL) and vilazodone (VIL). In this study, a solid-phase sorbent was newly synthesized for use in the MSPE and its characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In this proposed method, DUL and VIL molecules were enriched using newly synthesized magnetic-based nanoparticles in the presence of pH 10.0 buffer and desorbed with acetonitrile to a smaller volume prior to chromatographic determinations. After experimental variables were optimized, the VIL and DUL molecules were analyzed at wavelengths of 228 nm for DUL and 238 nm for VIL with isocratic elution of methanol, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (0.1%), and acetonitrile (10 : 60 : 30). The detection limits obtained under optimized conditions were 1.48 ng mL-1 and 1.43 ng mL-1, respectively. The %RSD values were found to be lower than 3.50% with model solutions containing 100 ng mL-1 (N:5). Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to wastewater samples and simulated urine samples, and quantitative results were obtained in the recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas 58140 Türkiye +90 346 219 16 34 +90 346 487 3905
| | - Ummugulsum Polat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas 58140 Türkiye +90 346 219 16 34 +90 346 487 3905
| | - Songül Ulusoy
- Department of Pharmacy, Vocational School of Health Service, Cumhuriyet University Sivas 58140 Türkiye
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4
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Akyol E, Ulusoy Hİ, Yilmaz E, Polat Ü, Soylak M. Application of magnetic solid-phase extraction for sensitive determination of anticancer drugs in urine by means of diamino benzidine tetrachlorohydrate modified magnetic nanoparticles. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:456-464. [PMID: 36840823 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of drug active molecules and residues in the treatment of cancer is important for the sustainability of human life and therapeutic effects. For this purpose, a new magnetic sorbent was developed to use in solid phase extraction prior to conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of Paclitaxel (PAC) and Gemcitabine (GEM) molecules. METHODS In this study, a separation and pre-concentration approach based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) was proposed for PAC and GEM by means of using a newly synthesized magnetic sorbent. After the MSPE procedure, an HPLC system with a diode array detector (DAD) was used to analyze trace amounts of PAC and GEM anticarcinogenic drugs in urine samples. Surface modification of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles was carried out by diaminobenzidinetetrachloro hydrate (DABTC) for the first time and a useful sorbent was obtained for MSPE experiments. RESULTS In the proposed method, PAC and GEM molecules were retained on the c in the presence of a pH 5.0 medium and desorbed to 300 μL of acetonitrile: methyl alcohol (1:1) eluent phase before HPLC-DAD analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) values for PAC and GEM were 1.38 and 1.44 ng mL-1 while the enhancement factor for PAC and GEM were 139.5 and 145.3, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) for PAC and GEM were below 3.50% in inter-day repeated experiments by means of model solutions containing 100 ng mL-1 drug active ingredients. CONCLUSIONS Synthesis and characterization of DABTC-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were performed using suitable methodologies. Optimization of MSPE was done step by step. And finally, the developed method was successfully applied to urine samples with quantitative recoveries in the range of 99.0% and 105.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Akyol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Ulusoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,ERNAM-Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Ernam Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ümmügülsüm Polat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Piryaei M, Abolghasemi MM, Jodatvand S. Magnetic Dispersive Solid‐phase Extraction of Nicosulfuron using Surface Immobilized Molecularly Imprinted Polymer by RAFT Polymerization on Fe
3
O
4
/Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Piryaei
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Maragheh Maragheh Iran
| | | | - Sayna Jodatvand
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Maragheh Maragheh Iran
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Hassan HM, El-Aassar M, El-Hashemy MA, Betiha MA, Alzaid M, Alqhobisi AN, Alzarea LA, Alsohaimi IH. Sulfanilic acid-functionalized magnetic GO as a robust adsorbent for the efficient adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Tian M, Liang C, Ahmad N, Li C, Wang W, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Qiu L, Zhao C. Proposal and application of a novel extraction and purification technology for juglone from Juglans mandshurica waste branches: reverse micellar microemulsion combined with magnetic solid phase extraction. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Alboghbeish M, Larki A, Saghanezhad SJ. Effective removal of Pb(II) ions using piperazine-modified magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite; optimization by response surface methodology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9658. [PMID: 35688868 PMCID: PMC9187642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the piperazine-modified magnetic graphene oxide (Pip@MGO) nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as a nano-adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from environmental water and wastewater samples. The physicochemical properties of Pip@MGO nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Vibrating Sample Magnetometery (VSM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. In this method, the batch removal process were designed by response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) model. The results indicated that the highest efficiency of Pb(II) removal was obtained from the quadratic model under optimum conditions of prominent parameters (initial pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage 7 mg, initial concentration of lead 15 mg L−1 and contact time 27.5 min). Adsorption data showed that lead ions uptake on Pip@MGO nanocomposite followed the Langmuir isotherm model equation and pseudo-second order kinetic model. High adsorption capacity (558.2 mg g−1) and easy magnetic separation capability showed that the synthesized Pip@MGO nanocomposite has great potential for the removal of Pb(II) ions from contaminated wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Alboghbeish
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Arash Larki
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
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Utilization of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>@cellulose hybrid aerogel for solid-phase extraction of sildenafil in health products. Se Pu 2022; 40:556-564. [PMID: 35616201 PMCID: PMC9404075 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
研究建立了一种基于UiO-66-NH2@纤维素复合气凝胶的高灵敏度固相萃取新方法,与高效液相色谱法联用用于保健品中西地那非的检测。先将纤维素进行醛基和酰肼基的功能化,然后将两种功能化的纤维素通过交联并负载UiO-66-NH2形成复合气凝胶。将此复合气凝胶作为固相萃取的吸附剂使用时,易于收集且不需要外加磁场或者抽真空的辅助作用,操作简单。研究对制备所得的UiO-66-NH2@纤维素复合气凝胶进行了X-射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱和N2吸附等表征,结果显示UiO-66-NH2成功负载于气凝胶的孔道中,纤维素气凝胶掺杂了UiO-66-NH2之后其孔道结构变得规整,并且比表面积增大。研究优化了复合气凝胶中UiO-66-NH2的负载量对萃取的影响,高比例的负载量有利于西地那非的富集,并且最高的负载率为50%。研究优化了影响西地那非富集效率的实验条件,包括溶液pH、萃取时间、洗脱剂类型、洗脱时间、洗脱体积和离子强度。采用安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)进行分离,以含0.1 mol/L三乙胺的磷酸盐水溶液(pH=6.50)-乙腈(30∶70, v/v)为流动相进行洗脱,检测波长为292 nm。在最佳的萃取条件下(pH为9.0,萃取时间为60 min,洗脱剂为乙腈,洗脱液体积为3×2 mL,洗脱时间为40 min),该分析方法的线性范围为10~2000 ng/mL (相关系数R2=0.9949),检出限(LOD, S/N=3)为2.85 ng/mL,富集因子为59.17。将该方法用于保健品中西地那非的萃取,所得回收率为74.93%~89.12%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~5.3%,表明了方法的回收率和精密度良好,说明了该方法具有应用于保健品中西地那非日常检测的潜力。
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Sensitive determination of Anastrozole and Letrozole in urine samples by novel magnetic nanoparticles containing tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) prior to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Jiménez-Skrzypek G, Ortega-Zamora C, González-Sálamo J, Hernández-Borges J. Miniaturized green sample preparation approaches for pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114405. [PMID: 34653744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of green sample preparation procedures is an extremely important research field in which more and more applications are constantly being proposed in different areas, including pharmaceutical analysis. This review article is aimed at providing a general overview of the development of miniaturized green analytical sample preparation procedures in the pharmaceutical analysis field, with special focus on the works published between January 2017 and July 2021. Particular attention has been paid to the application of environmentally friendly solvents and sorbents as well as nanomaterials or high extraction capacity sorbents in which the solvent volumes and reagents amounts are drastically reduced, with their subsequent advantages from the sustainability point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Jiménez-Skrzypek
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Cecilia Ortega-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
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Metal-organic framework modified by silver nanoparticles for SERS-based determination of sildenafil and pioglitazone hydrochloride. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:351. [PMID: 34554332 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A versatile surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) assay has been established that can realize rapid and sensitive determination of sildenafil (SIL) and pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO) adulteration in healthcare products. Metal-organic frameworks-silver nanoparticles (MOFs-AgNPs) with SERS activity were successfully prepared via in situ synthesis AgNPs on the MOFs surface. By virtue of the adsorptivity of MOFs, the MOFs-AgNPs could effectively concentrate the drug molecules on the electromagnetic enhancement areas of AgNPs. Moreover, the MOFs-AgNPs substrate exhibited more sensitive SERS activity than classical AgNPs with linear range of 1.0 × 10-7-1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 for SIL and 8.0 × 10-7-3.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 for PIO and limit of detection (LOD) of 4.8 × 10-8 mol L-1 for SIL and 1.4 × 10-7 mol L-1 for PIO. The designed method realized the determination of SIL and PIO in commercial tablets and healthcare products with recoveries of 93.8-108.0% and 93.0-104.0%, respectively, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.7-4.1% and 2.2-4.2%, respectively. The present system displayed little interference effect on determination. This work provides a multifunctional route for the determination of other drugs via the SERS technology.
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Yilmaz E, Erbas Z, Soylak M. Hydrolytic enzyme modified magnetic nanoparticles: An innovative and green microextraction system for inorganic species in food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1178:338808. [PMID: 34482859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the presented study, the usability of hydrolytic enzyme immobilized magnetic nanoparticles as an extraction agent for the microextraction of metal ions from food samples was investigated. α-amylase modified magnetic carbon nanotubes (α-amylase-Fe3O4/MWCNTs) was used as an extraction agent for direct microextraction of trace arsenic from food sample phase into liquid phase medium prior to its ICP-MS determination. In extraction studies using hydrolytic enzymes, it is impossible to recover the free soluble enzyme after extraction without losing its activity. In our study, this problem was overcome by immobilizing the hydrolytic enzyme on magnetic support. In this way, α-amylase-Fe3O4/MWCNTs as an extraction agent with a reuse property of at least six times was used. α-amylase-Fe3O4/MWCNTs was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, SEM-EDX, VSM, TGA, and DTG techniques. Optimization of the presented method was performed using 1568 A rice flour certified reference material. Analytical parameters such as type of hydrolytic enzyme, pH and volume of the aqueous phase, extraction temperature and ultrasonic irridation time were optimized. The microextraction step was performed in ultrasonic water bath within only ∼15 min. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and relative standard deviation (RSD %) values for the developed method were found to be 14.3 μg kg-1, 47.3 μg kg-1 and 7.5%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of arsenic contents of different rice and flour samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Yilmaz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM Erciyes University, Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Erbas
- Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039, Kayseri-Turkey; Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039, Kayseri-Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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[Recent advance of new sample preparation materials in the analysis and detection of environmental pollutants]. Se Pu 2021; 39:781-801. [PMID: 34212580 PMCID: PMC9404022 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
针对复杂样品的分析和痕量目标物的检测,样品前处理是必不可少的,高效的样品前处理技术不仅可以去除或减小样品基质干扰而且能够实现分析物的富集,提高分析检测的准确性和灵敏度。近年来,固相萃取、磁分散固相萃取、枪头固相萃取、搅拌棒萃取、固相微萃取等高效的样品前处理技术已在环境污染物分析检测中获得广泛关注,萃取效率主要取决于萃取材料,所以新型的高效萃取材料一直是样品前处理研究领域的重要发展方向。该文总结和讨论了近年来新型样品前处理材料在环境污染物分析检测中的研究进展,主要聚焦在石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管、无机气凝胶、有机气凝胶、三嗪基功能材料、三嗪基聚合物、分子印迹聚合物、共价有机框架材料、金属有机框架材料以及它们的功能化萃取材料等。这些材料已经被应用于环境样品中不同类别污染物的萃取富集,如重金属离子、多环芳烃、塑化剂、烷烃、苯酚、氯酚、氯苯、多溴联苯醚、全氟磺酸、全氟羧酸、雌激素、药物残留、农药残留等。这些样品前处理材料具有高的表面积、大量的吸附位点,并涉及多种萃取机理如π-π、静电、疏水、亲水、氢键、卤键等相互作用。基于这些萃取材料的多种样品前处理技术与各类检测方法如色谱、质谱、原子吸收光谱、荧光光谱、离子迁移谱等相结合,已广泛应用于环境污染物的高灵敏分析检测。最后,该文总结了样品前处理发展中存在的问题,并展望了其未来在环境分析中的发展趋势。
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Wang X, He F, Zhang L, Yu A. Application of micro-nanostructured magnetite in separating tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane from environmental water by magnetic solid phase extraction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251021. [PMID: 33939758 PMCID: PMC8092778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two typical brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), were persistent organic pollutants widely detected in various environmental media. This study aimed to successfully synthesize micro-nano-structured magnetite particles (MNMPs) with surface modification by citric acid molecules. The synthesized composites served as an adsorbent for extracting TBBPA and HBCD from environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The obtained MNMPs were characterized in terms of crystal structure, morphology, size distribution, hydrophobic and hydrophilic performance and magnetism. The results indicated that the MNMPs exhibited high surface area, good dispersibility, and strong magnetic responsiveness for separation. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including sample pH, amount of sorbents, extraction time and desorption conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the recovery was 83.5 and 107.1%, limit of detection was 0.13 and 0.35μg/mL (S/N = 3), and limit of quantification was 0.37 and 0.59 μg/mL (S/N = 10) for TBBPA and HBCD respectively. The relative standard deviations obtained using the proposed method were less than 8.7%, indicating that the MNMP magnetic solid-phase extraction method had advantages of simplicity, good sensitivity and high efficiency for the extraction of the two BFRs from environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Risk and Damage, Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengzhi He
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Risk and Damage, Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Risk and Damage, Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Risk and Damage, Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sarıkaya M, Ulusoy HI, Morgul U, Ulusoy S, Tartaglia A, Yılmaz E, Soylak M, Locatelli M, Kabir A. Sensitive determination of Fluoxetine and Citalopram antidepressants in urine and wastewater samples by liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462215. [PMID: 34000593 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new analyte separation and preconcentration method for the trace determination of antidepressant drugs, Fluoxetine (FLU) and Citalopram (CIT) in urine and wastewaters, was developed based on HPLC-DAD analysis after magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). In the proposed method, FLU and CIT were retained on the newly synthetized magnetic sorbent (Fe3O4@PPy-GO) in the presence of buffer (pH 10.0) and then were desorbed into a lower volume of acetonitrile prior to the chromatographic determinations. Before HPLC analysis, all samples were filtered through a 0.45 µm PTFE filter. Experimental parameters such as interaction time, desorption solvent and volume, and pH were studied and optimized in order to establish the detection limit, linearity, enrichment factor and other analytical figures of merit under optimum operation conditions. In the developed method, FLU and CIT were analyzed by diode array detector at the corresponding maximum wavelengths of 227 and 238 nm, respectively, by using an isocratic elution of 60% pH 3.0 buffer, 30% acetonitrile, and 10% methanol. By using the optimum conditions, limit of detections for FLU and CIT were 1.58 and 1.43 ng mL-1, respectively, while the limit of quantifications was 4.82 and 4.71 ng mL-1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD%) for triplicate analyses of model solutions containing 100 ng mL-1 target molecules were found to be less than 5.0 %. Finally, the method was successfully applied to urine (both simulated and real healthy human) and wastewater samples, and quantitative results were obtained in recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Sarıkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Ummugulsum Morgul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Songül Ulusoy
- Department of Pharmacy, Vocational School of Health Service, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas , Turkey
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erkan Yılmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey; ERNAM Erciyes University, Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Ouranidis A, Tsiaxerli A, Vardaka E, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK, Nicolaou I, Hatzichristou D, Haidich AB, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kachrimanis K. Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 33920975 PMCID: PMC8071249 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent selective, reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst twenty years have passed since its original approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), sildenafil enters the fourth industrial era catalyzing the treatment advances against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The plethora of detailed clinical data accumulated and the two sildenafil analogues marketed, namely tadalafil and vardenafil, signify the relevant therapeutic and commercial achievements. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of the drug appears complex, interdependent and of critical importance whereas the treatment of special population cohorts is considered. The diversity of the available formulation strategies and their compatible administration routes, extend from tablets to bolus suspensions and from per os to intravenous, respectively, inheriting the associated strengths and weaknesses. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to elucidate the multi-disciplinary elements spanning the knowledge fields of chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacology, clinical applications, biopharmaceutical profile, formulation approaches for different routes of administration and analytical strategies, currently employed to guide the development of sildenafil-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Catherine K. Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Hatzichristou
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
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18
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Wang H, Wang P, Zhao X, Ye C, Zheng X, Cao W. Determination of anabolic androgenic steroids in dietary supplements and external drugs by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1939-1949. [PMID: 33566438 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The widespread abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids by healthy people leads to the risk of major mood disorders and heart failure; thus, the determination of anabolic androgenic steroids is vital. In this study, 17 anabolic androgenic steroids in dietary supplements and external drugs were identified, and their concentration was determined. For this purpose, polyaniline-coated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and then subjected to magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The experimental parameters of magnetic solid-phase extraction were studied in detail, and the optimal conditions were established. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.001-0.02 μg/L, with relative standard deviations of 5.52-11.6% (n = 7) for all the steroids, and the enrichment factors were in the range of 20.0-24.8. The developed method was then successfully applied for the determination of 17 anabolic androgenic steroids in real samples, and dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone) was detected in a commercially available external drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiyue Zheng
- Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Wuhan Customs District of China, Wuhan, P. R. China
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19
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Koreshkova AN, Gupta V, Peristyy A, Hasan CK, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Recent advances and applications of synthetic diamonds in solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461936. [PMID: 33548824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of diamond-based adsorbents in the late 1960s, the interest in their use for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has steadily increased. This is primarily due to their unique properties, such as extreme chemical and thermal stability, high mechanical strength and biocompatibility, and complex mixed-mode retention mechanisms. Currently, the most commonly used synthetic diamonds in SPE and HPLC are detonation nanodiamonds (DND), high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds, and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamonds. These diamonds have been either used as individual particles (in both modified and unmodified forms), or for surface modification, or entrapped within composites and core-shell particles to develop new diamond-based adsorbents. These diamond-based adsorbents have been used for a variety of applications, including streamlined proteome analysis; extraction of anions, cations, actinides, uranium, lanthanides, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and post-transition metals; and development of reversed-phase, normal phase, hydrophilic interaction, ion chromatography, and mixed-mode liquid chromatography columns, to name but a few. These varied applications of different types of diamonds are typically governed by their specific properties. This review discusses the various surface and bulk properties of DND, HPHT diamonds, and CVD diamonds that facilitate or limit their use in different SPE and HPLC based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra N Koreshkova
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Anton Peristyy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Chowdhury K Hasan
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pavel N Nesterenko
- Chemistry Department, Physical Chemistry Division, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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20
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Mahmoud ME, Nabil GM, Elweshahy SM. Novel NTiO2-chitosan@NZrO2-chitosan nanocomposite for effective adsorptive uptake of trivalent gadolinium and samarium ions from water. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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21
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Bilal M, Barceló D, Iqbal HMN. Nanostructured materials for harnessing the power of horseradish peroxidase for tailored environmental applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142360. [PMID: 33370916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High catalytic efficiency, stereoselectivity, and sustainability outcomes of enzymes entice chemists for considering biocatalytic transformations to supplant conventional synthetic routes. As a green and versatile enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-based enzymatic catalysis has been widely employed in a range of biological and chemical transformation processes. Nevertheless, like many other enzymes, HRP is likely to denature or destabilize in harsh realistic conditions due to its intrinsic fragile nature, which results in inevitably shortened lifespan and immensely high bioprocess cost. Enzyme immobilization has proven as a prospective strategy for improving their biocatalytic performance in continuous industrial processes. Nanostructured materials with huge accessible surface area, abundant porous structures, exceptional functionalities, and high chemical and mechanical stability have recently garnered intriguing research interests as novel kinds of supporting matrices for HRP immobilization. Many reported immobilized biocatalytic systems have demonstrated high catalytic performances than that to the free form of enzymes, such as enhanced enzyme efficiency, selectivity, stability, and repeatability due to the protective microenvironments provided by nanostructures. This review delineates an updated overview of HRP immobilization using an array of nanostructured materials. Furthermore, the general physicochemical aspects, improved catalytic attributes, and the robust practical implementations of engineered HRP-based catalytic cues are also discussed with suitable examples. To end, concluding remarks, challenges, and worthy suggestions/perspectives for future enzyme immobilization are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Damiá Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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22
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Ramezani AM, Yamini Y. Electrodeposition of poly-ethylenedioxythiophene-graphene oxide nanocomposite in a stainless steel tube for solid-phase microextraction of letrozole in plasma samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4338-4346. [PMID: 32997397 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Coated stainless steel was used as an in-tube solid-phase microextraction for the extraction of letrozole from plasma samples. The coating process on the inner surface of the stainless steel was conducted by a simple electrodeposition process. The coated composite was prepared from 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and graphene oxide. In this composite, graphene oxide acts as an anion dopant and sorbent. The coated nanostructured polymer was characterized using different techniques. The operational factors affecting the extraction process, including pH, adsorption, and desorption time, the recycling flow rate of the sample solution, sample volume, desorption solvent type and its volume, and ionic strength were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the analyte. The total extraction time including adsorption and desorption steps was about 15.0 min. The developed method demonstrated a linear range of 5.0-1500.0 μg/L with a limit of detection of 1.0 μg/L. The repeatability of the developed extraction approach in terms of intraday, interday, and fiber to fiber was attained in the range of 4.9-8.3%. After finding the optimal conditions, the potential of the described approach for letrozole quantitation was investigated in plasma samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Qiu J, Chen H, Ji Y, Li T, Li A. Evaluation of different strategies to minimize the matrix effects on LC-MS/MS analysis of multiple lipophilic shellfish toxins in both acidic and alkaline chromatographic conditions. Toxicon 2020; 188:16-26. [PMID: 33039366 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) accumulated by shellfish pose a potential threat to consumer health. A mandatory routine monitoring of LSTs has been adopted for seafood products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in many countries. In this study, two methods developed on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) under acidic and alkaline chromatographic conditions were assessed for the determination of multiple LSTs. Different strategies including matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), solid phase extraction (SPE) and sample dilution were applied and evaluated the matrix effects of mussel, scallop, clam, and oyster samples on the signal response of mass spectrometry. Results showed that the alkaline method achieved a lower limit of detection (LOD) and more robust compared to the acidic method. The obvious signal suppression of OA and DTX1 (55%-76%) and signal enhancement of PTX2 (27%-34%) occurred in the crude extracts of shellfish under acidic chromatography. In the alkaline method, no remarkable matrix effects of crude extracts were found except for the scallop matrix on the signal intensity of DTX1, AZA3 and GYM-A (121%-130%). Clean-up methods MSPD, SPE and sample dilution obviously reduced the inhibition of shellfish matrices on the signal response of OA and DTX1, however, which were still subject to signal inhibition under acidic condition. Sample dilution was more effective than SPE and MSPD in minimizing the matrix interference in both acidic and alkaline methods. Furthermore, sample dilution in combination with the alkaline chromatography was the most effective method. Bivalve mollusks harvested from Beibu Bay, South China Sea, were generally contaminated by GYM-A and SPX1 at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huidan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tianshen Li
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai, 536000, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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24
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Simple and sensitive determination of vitamin A and E in the milk and egg yolk samples by using dispersive solid phase extraction with newly synthesized polymeric material. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Ibarra IS, Miranda JM, Pérez-Silva I, Jardinez C, Islas G. Sample treatment based on molecularly imprinted polymers for the analysis of veterinary drugs in food samples: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2958-2977. [PMID: 32930156 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of veterinary drugs in medical treatments and in the livestock industry is a recurrent practice. When applied in subtherapeutic doses over prolonged times, they can also act as growth promoters. However, residues of these substances in foods present a risk to human health. Their analysis is thus important and can help guarantee consumer safety. The critical point in each analytical technique is the sample treatment and the analytical matrix complexity. The present manuscript summarizes the development, type of synthesis, characterization, and application of molecularly imprinted polymers in the separation, identification, and quantification techniques for the determination of veterinary drug residues in food samples in extraction, clean-up, isolation, and pre-concentration systems. Synthesized sorbents with specific recognition properties improve the interactions between the analytes and the polymeric sorbents, providing better analysis conditions and advantages in comparison with commercial sorbents in terms of high selectivity, analytical sensitivity, easy performance, and low cost analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Ibarra
- Área Académica de Quimica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
| | - J M Miranda
- Departamento Quimica Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellon 4 planta bajo, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - I Pérez-Silva
- Área Académica de Quimica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
| | - C Jardinez
- Área Académica de Quimica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
| | - G Islas
- Área Académica de Quimica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, 42184, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
- Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, Área de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Domicilio Conocido, 42640 Tepatepec, Hgo, Mexico
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de Oliveira LL, Kudo MV, Lopes CT, Tarley CR. Development and multivariate optimization of nanostructured supramolecular liquid-liquid microextraction validated method for highly sensitive determination of methyl parathion in water samples. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Organic Compounds Based on Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051148. [PMID: 32143401 PMCID: PMC7179219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a chemical compound with a form similar to graphene that consists of one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon. Graphene oxide exhibits high hydrophilicity and dispersibility. Thus, it is difficult to be separated from aqueous solutions. Therefore, functionalization with magnetic nanoparticles is performed in order to prepare a magnetic GO nanocomposite that combines the sufficient adsorption capacity of graphene oxide and the convenience of magnetic separation. Moreover, the magnetic material can be further functionalized with different groups to prevent aggregation and extends its potential application. Until today, a plethora of magnetic GO hybrid materials have been synthesized and successfully employed for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of organic compounds from environmental, agricultural, biological, and food samples. The developed GO nanocomposites exhibit satisfactory stability in aqueous solutions, as well as sufficient surface area. Thus, they are considered as an alternative to conventional sorbents by enriching the analytical toolbox for the analysis of trace organic compounds.
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Analytical Methodology for Trace Determination of Propoxur and Fenitrothion Pesticide Residues by Decanoic Acid Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244621. [PMID: 31861155 PMCID: PMC6943547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, rapid, reliable, and easily applicable method based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with HPLC-PDA was developed for monitoring propoxur (PRO) and fenitrothion (FEN) pesticides in environmental water samples. The effect of major experimental variables on the extraction efficiency of both the pesticides was investigated and optimized systematically. For this purpose, a new magnetic material containing decanoic acid on the surface of particles was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and TGA analysis in detail. The simultaneous determination of pesticide molecules was carried out by using a Luna Omega C18 column, isocratic elution of acetonitrile (ACN): Water (70:30 v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1. After MSPE, the linear range for pesticide molecules (r2 > 0.9982) was obtained in the range of 5-800 and 10-800 ng mL-1, respectively. The limit of detections (LOD) are 1.43 and 4.71 ng mL-1 for PRO and FEN, respectively while RSDs % are below 3.5%. The applicability of the proposed method in four different environmental samples were also investigated using a standard addition-recovery procedure. Average recoveries at two spiking levels were over the range of 91.3-102.5% with RSD < 5.0% (n = 3). The obtained results show that decanoic acid grafted magnetic particles in MSPE combined with HPLC-PDA is a fast and simple method for the determination of PRO and FEN in environmental water samples.
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Pirzada M, Altintas Z. Nanomaterials for Healthcare Biosensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5311. [PMID: 31810313 PMCID: PMC6928990 DOI: 10.3390/s19235311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of nanomaterials have been explored for their applications in biomedical diagnostics, making their applications in healthcare biosensing a rapidly evolving field. Nanomaterials introduce versatility to the sensing platforms and may even allow mobility between different detection mechanisms. The prospect of a combination of different nanomaterials allows an exploitation of their synergistic additive and novel properties for sensor development. This paper covers more than 290 research works since 2015, elaborating the diverse roles played by various nanomaterials in the biosensing field. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review of the healthcare sensing applications of nanomaterials, covering carbon allotrope-based, inorganic, and organic nanomaterials. These sensing systems are able to detect a wide variety of clinically relevant molecules, like nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cancer antigens, pharmaceuticals and narcotic drugs, toxins, contaminants, as well as entire cells in various sensing media, ranging from buffers to more complex environments such as urine, blood or sputum. Thus, the latest advancements reviewed in this paper hold tremendous potential for the application of nanomaterials in the early screening of diseases and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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Sarp G, Yilmaz E. A flower-like hybrid material composed of Fe 3O 4, graphene oxide and CdSe nanodots for magnetic solid phase extraction of ibuprofen prior to its quantification by HPLC detection. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:744. [PMID: 31686272 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A flower-like Fe3O4/GO/CdSe nanodot magnetic hybrid material was produced and applied to magnetic solid-phase extraction of ibuprofen from pharmaceuticals, water, and urine samples. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy and SEM-EDX. The pH value, volume of sample solution, amount of sorbent, type and volume of elution solvent and extraction time were optimized. Following elution with acetone, ibuprofen was quantified by HPLC-DAD detection. The recoveries of ibuprofen from spiked real samples ranged between 87 and 109%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations from 1.25 to 3.02%. The limit of detection, limit of quantification and preconcentration factor are 0.36 ng·mL-1,1.20 ng·mL-1 and 150, respectively. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the combination of flower-like Fe3O4/GO/CdSe nanodot-based magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the extraction and analysis of ibuprofen in pharmaceuticals, water, and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Sarp
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38050, Kayseri, Turkey.,ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38050, Kayseri, Turkey. .,ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Song X, Zhang R, Xie T, Wang S, Cao J. Deep Eutectic Solvent Micro-Functionalized Graphene Assisted Dispersive Micro Solid-Phase Extraction of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Natural Products. Front Chem 2019; 7:594. [PMID: 31508413 PMCID: PMC6716533 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent micro-functionalized graphene (DES-G) was synthesized and first applied as the adsorbent of dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) to extract five pyrethroid insecticides. In DMSPE, the target analytes were absorbed by DES-G and then desorbed by trace eluent, next, the treated samples were quantified via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode-array detection. A scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to characterize the prepared DES-G. Furthermore, this method was verified under the selected conditions with the precision for retention times ranging from 0.43 to 0.57%, and repeatability ranged from 0.04 to 2.41% for peak areas. The developed method was successfully applied to determine pyrethroid insecticides residues in beebread, Curcuma wenyujin and Dendrobium officinale with the recoveries in the range of 80.9–114.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on polyglycerol-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4/nanodiamond nanocomposites and its application in phenol biodegradation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ulusoy S, Yilmaz E, Erbas Z, Ulusoy HI, Soylak M. Trace analysis of quercetin in tea samples by HPLC-DAD system by means of a new nanocomposite including magnetic core-shell. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1623254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songül Ulusoy
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Erbas
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Nickel-iron layered double hydroxide nanostructures for micro solid phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by quantitation by HPLC-UV. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:297. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Ulusoy Hİ, Yılmaz E, Soylak M. Magnetic solid phase extraction of trace paracetamol and caffeine in synthetic urine and wastewater samples by a using core shell hybrid material consisting of graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube/Fe3O4/SiO2. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Development of SPE method for the extraction of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides from serum samples. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1667-1677. [PMID: 30354278 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Comprehensive development of a method for SPE extraction of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide and its metabolites and their determination with the use of UHPLC. RESULTS Polymer-based adsorbent and high percentage of methanol in elution solvent provided high recoveries compared with silica-based octadecyl cartridge. As to the type and concentration of ion pair reagent and organic solvent, the mixture of 5 mM of N,N-dimethylbutylamine/150 mM of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol and methanol was selected. Relatively high recoveries in the range of 79.2-81.2% with the SDs of 3.4-6.2% were obtained for the oligonucleotide and its metabolites extracted from human serum. CONCLUSION The developed method may be successfully applied for routine analysis of antisense oligonucleotides in serum since it is relatively easy, quick and reliable.
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38
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Modification of a steel fiber with a graphene based bucky gel for headspace solid-phase microextraction of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons prior to their quantification by GC. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tahmasebi E. Adsorption efficiency enhancing of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers towards acidic polar drugs through the incorporation of a composite of graphene oxide nanosheets and Al 30 polyoxocations: a comparative study. Analyst 2018; 143:4684-4698. [PMID: 30179241 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study focuses on exploration of the feasibility of Al30 polyoxocations for preparation of a novel sorbent material for a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method by selective adsorption and extraction of a class of compounds considering the type of interactions involved in the adsorption process. Accordingly, first Al30 polyoxocations were synthesized and their composite was prepared with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as a suitable substrate to be introduced as a SPE sorbent material. Then, the prepared composite was incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers via electrospinning to present an alternative sorbent for SPE-based on a GO/Al30 nanocomposite (GO/Al30 NC) creating no need for filtering or centrifuging steps. Intercalation of Al30 polyoxocations into the GO layers and the incorporation of GO/Al30 NC into PCL nanofibers was successfully confirmed through FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, BET, TGA, IR spectroscopy, and zeta potential determination. For investigating the types of probable interactions involved in the adsorption process of different compounds on the proposed sorbents, four statin drugs, cholesterol-lowering agents with various polarity and ionization properties, were selected as model analytes. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency of dispersive SPE and immersed SPE methods using GO/Al30 NC and GO/Al30 NC-PCL nanofibers, respectively, were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, acceptable analytical figures of merit were obtained for both SPE methods. A comparison of extraction efficiencies of the target drugs by the two proposed sorbents, as well as GO nanosheets and PCL nanofibers, was accomplished to study the types of interactions as well as the adsorption mechanism. The results revealed that GO/Al30 NC, having many polar and anion exchange sites caused by Al30 polyoxocations, is a good selective sorbent for acidic polar compounds which their extraction by nonpolar sorbents is not desirable. Additionally, GO/Al30 NC-PCL nanofibers exhibited extraction capability for a wide range of compounds from acidic polar to nonpolar and nonionizable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tahmasebi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran.
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