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Rapid Simultaneous Determination of 11 Synthetic Cannabinoids in Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are a series of synthetic substances that mimic the effects of natural cannabinoids and produce a much stronger toxicity than natural cannabinoids, and they have become the most abused family of new psychoactive substances. A solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry method has been developed to determine 11 synthetic cannabinoids in rat urine. Oasis HLB cartridge was selected to simultaneously extract synthetic cannabinoids for pretreatment. The effects of the loading solution and elution reagent volume on the recovery were investigated. The optimized acetonitrile proportion and elution reagent volume were determined by both high recovery and low solvent consumption. The results showed that the linear coefficients of determination of 11 types of synthetic cannabinoids ranged from 0.993 to 0.999, the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ng/mL, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 69.90% to 118.39%. The research presented here provides a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to accurately identify and quantitate synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine samples.
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Pilařová V, Hadysová Z, Švec F, Nováková L. Supercritical fluids in analysis of cannabinoids in various Cannabis products. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Deidda R, Dispas A, De Bleye C, Hubert P, Ziemons É. Critical review on recent trends in cannabinoid determination on cannabis herbal samples: From chromatographic to vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Parr MK, Botrè F. Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry as an emerging technique in doping control analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Cannabis sativa Bioactive Compounds and Their Extraction, Separation, Purification, and Identification Technologies: An Updated Review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Jambo H, Hubert P, Dispas A. Supercritical fluid chromatography for pharmaceutical quality control: Current challenges and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Felletti S, De Luca C, Buratti A, Bozza D, Cerrato A, Capriotti AL, Laganà A, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Potency testing of cannabinoids by liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography: Where we are, what we need. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462304. [PMID: 34118531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemp and cannabis industry is undergoing a renewed interest due to legalization of marijuana (a topic that all countries are discussing, especially in recent years) and the growing importance of therapeutic properties of cannabinoids. Together with an increment in the production of hemp and recreational cannabis, there has been an increasing demand for accurate potency testing of products (i.e. quantification of main cannabinoids present in the plant in terms of weight percentage) prior commercialization. This translates in an urgent need of reliable analytical methods to characterize cannabis and hemp samples. Cannabis and hemp preparations are commercialized under various forms (e.g., flowers, oils, candies or even baked goods) usually containing a large number of often very similar compounds making their separation very challenging. Strictly connected to this, another emerging topic concerns the need for the developing of large scale separation techniques for the purification of cannabinoids from complex matrices and for the preparation of analytical-grade standards (including the chiral ones). This paper reviews the most recent achievements in both these aspects. Cutting-edge applications and novel opportunities in potency testing by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection (which is becoming the golden standard, according to several pharmacopeias, for this kind of measurements) are discussed. The focus has been given to the very important topic of enantio-discrimination of chiral cannabinoids, for which supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) appears to be particularly suitable. The last part of the work covers the purification of cannabinoids through preparative chromatography. In this regard, particular attention has been given to the most innovative multi-column techniques allowing for the continuous purification of target molecules. The most recent advancements and future challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Desiree Bozza
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
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Deidda R, Schelling C, Roussel J, Dispas A, De Bleye C, Ziemons É, Hubert P, Veuthey J. The analysis of cannabinoids in cannabis samples by supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography: A comparison study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Deidda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Cédric Schelling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Amandine Dispas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicine Analysis CIRM University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Bleye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Éric Ziemons
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry University of Liège (ULiège) CIRM Liège Belgium
| | - Jean‐Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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Plachká K, Khalikova M, Babičová B, Němcová Z, Roubíčková L, Svec F, Nováková L. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography in impurity control II: Method validation. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1117:48-59. [PMID: 32408954 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study we proposed a screening approach using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography for the determination of 10 pharmaceutical quality control mixtures. Most of resulting methods offered baseline separation of all analytes. However, some of these methods had to be further optimized to ensure their successful validation and applicability to impurity control in drug substance and drug products. Several challenges occurred during the optimization including: (i) the necessity of the resolution of active pharmaceutical ingredient and following impurity equaling at least 3, which was especially difficult to achieve for mixtures of structurally close compounds, (ii) unrepeatable elution of compounds eluting close to the dead volume or at the end of the gradient elution, and (iii) shifts in retention times due to the column aging and effects of additive. The most frequent optimization adjustments involved changes in gradient program. Other adjustments such as the substitution of Viridis UPC2 HSS C18 SB column with a slightly different Acquity UPLC HSS C18 SB column, the addition of acetonitrile in the modifier, and the column coupling also led to beneficial changes in selectivity. Subsequently, validation of all 10 methods was carried out to prove the applicability of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography methods for the impurity control in pharmaceuticals. Parameters recommended by ICH guidelines Q2 and Q3 including specificity, linearity, range, lower and upper limit of quantification, limit of detection, accuracy, and precision were examined. In addition, intermediate precision and the accuracy profiles were determined for selected methods. Overall, only two impurities did not meet the validation criteria due to low resolution and low sensitivity, respectively. Only identification threshold and not reporting threshold was met for this impurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Babičová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Němcová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Roubíčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Supercritical fluid chromatography – Mass spectrometry: Recent evolution and current trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Analytical quality by design: Development and control strategy for a LC method to evaluate the cannabinoids content in cannabis olive oil extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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