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Chen J, Zhang Y, Wei J, Hu X, Yin H, Liu W, Li D, Tian W, Hao Y, He Z, Fernie AR, Chen W. Beyond pathways: Accelerated flavonoids candidate identification and novel exploration of enzymatic properties using combined mapping populations of wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2033-2050. [PMID: 38408119 PMCID: PMC11182594 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Although forward-genetics-metabolomics methods such as mGWAS and mQTL have proven effective in providing myriad loci affecting metabolite contents, they are somehow constrained by their respective constitutional flaws such as the hidden population structure for GWAS and insufficient recombinant rate for QTL. Here, the combination of mGWAS and mQTL was performed, conveying an improved statistical power to investigate the flavonoid pathways in common wheat. A total of 941 and 289 loci were, respectively, generated from mGWAS and mQTL, within which 13 of them were co-mapped using both approaches. Subsequently, the mGWAS or mQTL outputs alone and their combination were, respectively, utilized to delineate the metabolic routes. Using this approach, we identified two MYB transcription factor encoding genes and five structural genes, and the flavonoid pathway in wheat was accordingly updated. Moreover, we have discovered some rare-activity-exhibiting flavonoid glycosyl- and methyl-transferases, which may possess unique biological significance, and harnessing these novel catalytic capabilities provides potentially new breeding directions. Collectively, we propose our survey illustrates that the forward-genetics-metabolomics approaches including multiple populations with high density markers could be more frequently applied for delineating metabolic pathways in common wheat, which will ultimately contribute to metabolomics-assisted wheat crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
- Yazhouwan National LaboratorySanyaChina
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Huanran Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenfei Tian
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhonghu He
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanChina
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Zhu TT, Ta H, Ni R, Hao Y, Du NH, Cheng AX, Lou HX. Functional specialization of two UDP-glycosyltransferases MpUGT735A2 and MpUGT743A1 in the liverworts Marchantia polymorpha. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2499-2511. [PMID: 37642286 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are known to glycosylate multiple secondary plant metabolites and have been extensively studied. The increased availability of plant genome resources allows the identification of wide gene families, both functional and organizational. In this investigation, two MpUGT isoforms were cloned and functionally characterized from liverworts marchantia polymorpha and had high glycosylation activity against several flavonoids. MpUGT735A2 protein, in particular, tolerates a wide spectrum of substrates (flavonols, flavanones, flavones, stilbenes, bibenzyls, dihydrochalcone, phenylpropanoids, xanthones, and isoflavones). Overexpression of MpUGT735A2 and MpUGT743A1 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances the accumulation of 3-O-glycosylated flavonol (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnose), consistent with its in vitro enzymatic activity. Docking and mutagenesis techniques were applied to identify the structural and functional properties of MpUGT735A2 with promiscuous substrates. Mutation of Pro87 to Ser, or Gln88 to Val, substantially altered the regioselectivity for luteolin glycosylation, predominantly from the 3'-O- to the 7-O-position. The results were elucidated by focusing on the novel biocatalysts designed for producing therapeutic flavonoids. This investigation provides an approach to modulate MpUGT735A2 as a candidate gene for diverse glycosylation catalysis and a tool to design GTs with new substrate specificities for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - He Ta
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ni-Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Song M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Han X, Yang Q, Zhang J, Tong Z. Temporospatial pattern of flavonoid metabolites and potential regulatory pathway of PbMYB211-coordinated kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside biosynthesis in Phoebe bournei. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107913. [PMID: 37536219 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Phoebe is a well-known timber tree species that contains abundant metabolites characterized by flavonoids that are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, temporospatial flavonoid metabolism variations substantially impact the Phoebe industry. Thus, a metabolomics analysis was carried out and identified 465 metabolites (102 flavonoids) in P. bournei, revealing distinct distribution patterns among five studied organs, and most of the flavonoids were dominant in the leaves. Furthermore, three kaempferol glycoside derivatives were significantly accumulated in the leaves and showed higher contents in young leaves than in mature leaves and differences between spring and autumn. For instance, greater accumulation of kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside was detected in spring, whereas higher contents of kaempferol-3-O-arabinofuranoside and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside were found in autumn. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics identified 20 transcription factors (TFs) and 12 structural genes that participate in kaempferol derivative synthesis and elucidated a potential regulatory mechanism in P. bournei. Of the identified genes, PbMYB211 might contribute significantly to the kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside content by regulating the target structural gene PbUGT139, as revealed by transient overexpression analysis. Overall, this study illuminated the temporospatial accumulation of flavonoids among different organs, seasons, and developmental stages in P. bournei and elucidated a potential regulatory pathway of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside. The results provide important insights into harvest techniques and a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of P. bournei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Li XX, Li ZY, Zhu W, Wang YQ, Liang YR, Wang KR, Ye JH, Lu JL, Zheng XQ. Anthocyanin metabolism and its differential regulation in purple tea (Camellia sinensis). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107875. [PMID: 37451003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) typically contain high-flavonoid phytochemicals like catechins. Recently, new tea cultivars with unique purple-colored leaves have gained attention. These purple tea cultivars are enriched with anthocyanin, which provides an interesting perspective for studying the metabolic flux of the flavonoid pathway. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the leaf color formation of purple tea and this review aims to summarize the latest progress made on the composition and accumulation of anthocyanins in tea plants. In addition, the regulation mechanism in its synthesis will be discussed and a hypothetical regulation model for leaf color transformation during growth will be proposed. Some novel insights are presented to facilitate future in-depth studies of purple tea to provide a theoretical basis for targeted breeding programs in leaf color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ze-Yu Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Wan Zhu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- General Agrotechnical Extension Station of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Hoffmann TD, Kurze E, Liao J, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Genome-wide identification of UDP-glycosyltransferases in the tea plant ( Camellia sinensis) and their biochemical and physiological functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1191625. [PMID: 37346124 PMCID: PMC10279963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1191625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) has been an immensely important commercially grown crop for decades. This is due to the presence of essential nutrients and plant secondary metabolites that exhibit beneficial health effects. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play an important role in the diversity of such secondary metabolites by catalysing the transfer of an activated sugar donor to acceptor molecules, and thereby creating a huge variety of glycoconjugates. Only in recent years, thanks to the sequencing of the tea plant genome, have there been increased efforts to characterise the UGTs in C. sinensis to gain an understanding of their physiological role and biotechnological potential. Based on the conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif and the catalytically active histidine in the active site, UGTs of family 1 in C. sinensis are identified here, and shown to cluster into 21 groups in a phylogenetic tree. Building on this, our current understanding of recently characterised C. sinensis UGTs (CsUGTs) is highlighted and a discussion on future perspectives made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Jiang X, Lai S, Kong D, Hou X, Shi Y, Fu Z, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. Al-induced CsUGT84J2 enhances flavonol and auxin accumulation to promote root growth in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad095. [PMID: 37350798 PMCID: PMC10282599 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Although Al is not necessary or even toxic to most plants, it is beneficial for the growth of tea plants. However, the mechanism through which Al promotes root growth in tea plants remains unclear. In the present study, we found that flavonol glycoside levels in tea roots increased following Al treatment, and the Al-induced UDP glycosyltransferase CsUGT84J2 was involved in this mechanism. Enzyme activity assays revealed that rCsUGT84J2 exhibited catalytic activity on multiple types of substrates, including phenolic acids, flavonols, and auxins in vitro. Furthermore, metabolic analysis with UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS revealed significantly increased flavonol and auxin glycoside accumulation in CsUGT84J2-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, the expression of genes involved in the flavonol pathway as well as in the auxin metabolism, transport, and signaling pathways was remarkably enhanced. Additionally, lateral root growth and exogenous Al stress tolerance were significantly improved in transgenic A. thaliana. Moreover, gene expression and metabolic accumulation related to phenolic acids, flavonols, and auxin were upregulated in CsUGT84J2-overexpressing tea plants but downregulated in CsUGT84J2-silenced tea plants. In conclusion, Al treatment induced CsUGT84J2 expression, mediated flavonol and auxin glycosylation, and regulated endogenous auxin homeostasis in tea roots, thereby promoting the growth of tea plants. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the precise mechanisms through which Al promotes the growth of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dexu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Tao Xia
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Yang Q, Zhang Y, Qu X, Wu F, Li X, Ren M, Tong Y, Wu X, Yang A, Chen Y, Chen S. Genome-wide analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferases family and identification of UGT genes involved in abiotic stress and flavonol biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 37076827 PMCID: PMC10114341 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uridine disphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) act upon a huge variety of highly diverse and complex substrates, such as phytohormones and specialized metabolites, to regulate plant growth, development, disease resistance, and environmental interactions. However, a comprehensive investigation of UGT genes in tobacco has not been conducted. RESULTS In this study, we carried out a genome-wide analysis of family-1 UDP glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana tabacum. We predicted 276 NtUGT genes, which were classified into 18 major phylogenetic subgroups. The NtUGT genes were invariably distributed among all the 24 chromosomes with structural diversity in exon/intron structure, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements of promoters. Three groups of proteins which involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, plant growth and development, transportation and modification were identified that interact with NtUGT proteins using the PPI analysis. Expression analysis of NtUGT genes in cold stress, drought stress and different flower color using both online RNA-Seq data and the realtime PCR analysis, suggested the distinct role of NtUGT genes in resistance of cold, drought and in flavonoid biosynthesis. The enzymatic activities of seven NtUGT proteins that potentially involved in flavonoid glycosylation were analyzed, and found that all seven exhibited activity on myricetin; six (NtUGT108, NtUGT123, NtUGT141, NtUGT155, NtUGT179, and NtUGT195) showed activity on cyanidin; and three (NtUGT108, NtUGT195, and NtUGT217) were active on the flavonol aglycones kaempferol and quercetin, which catalyzing the substrates (myricetin, cyanidin or flavonol) to form new products. We further investigated the enzymatic products and enzymatic properties of NtUGT108, NtUGT195, and NtUGT217, suggested their diverse enzymatic activity toward flavonol, and NtUGT217 showed the highest catalyzed efficient toward quercetin. Overexpression of NtUGT217 significantly increase the content levels of the quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in transgenic tobacco leaves. CONCLUSION We identified 276 UGT genes in Nicotiana tabacum. Our study uncovered valuable information about the phylogenetic structure, distribution, genomic characters, expression patterns and enzymatic activity of NtUGT genes in tobacco. We further identified three NtUGT genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, and overexpressed NtUGT217 to validate its function in catalyze quercetin. The results provide key candidate NtUGT genes for future breeding of cold and drought resistance and for potential metabolic engineering of flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Yinchao Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaoling Qu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fengyan Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Min Ren
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- China National Tobacco Corporation, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Lei T, Huang J, Ruan H, Qian W, Fang Z, Gu C, Zhang N, Liang Y, Wang Z, Gao L, Wang Y. Competition between FLS and DFR regulates the distribution of flavonols and proanthocyanidins in Rubus chingii Hu. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1134993. [PMID: 36968391 PMCID: PMC10031046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1134993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rubus chingii Hu is a berry plant of the genus Rubus of the Rosaceae family, which has high nutritional and medicinal value and is rich in flavonoids. Flavonol synthase (FLS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) compete for the common substrate dihydroflavonols to regulate the metabolic flux of flavonoids. However, the competition between FLS and DFR based on enzyme is rarely reported. Here, we isolated and identified two FLS genes (RcFLS1 and RcFLS2) and one DFR gene (RcDFR) from Rubus chingii Hu. RcFLSs and RcDFR were highly expressed in stems, leaves, and flowers, although the flavonol accumulation in these organs was significantly higher than that of proanthocyanidins (PAs). The recombinant RcFLSs demonstrated bifunctional activities via hydroxylation and desaturation at the C-3α position having a lower Michaelis constant (Km) for dihydroflavonols than RcDFR. We also found that a low concentration of flavonols could significantly inhibit RcDFR activity. To investigate the competitive relationship between RcFLSs and RcDFR, we used a prokaryotic expression system (E. coli) to co-express these proteins. The transgenic cells expressing recombinant proteins were incubated with substrates, and the reaction products were analyzed. Furthermore, two transient expression systems (tobacco leaves and strawberry fruits) and a stable genetic system (Arabidopsis thaliana) were used to co-express these proteins in vivo. The results showed that RcFLS1 was dominant in the competition with RcDFR. Our results demonstrated that the competition between FLS and DFR regulated the metabolic flux distribution of flavonols and PAs, which will be of great significance for the molecular breeding of Rubus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Haixiang Ruan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Chunyang Gu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Niuniu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei Anhui, China
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Chen Y, Jiang C, Yin S, Zhuang J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. New insights into the function of plant tannase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:576-594. [PMID: 36534122 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant tannases (TAs) or tannin acyl hydrolases, a class of recently reported carboxylesterases in tannin-rich plants, are involved in the degalloylation of two important groups of secondary metabolites: flavan-3-ol gallates and hydrolyzable tannins. In this paper, we have made new progress in studying the function of tea (Camellia sinensis) (Cs) TA-it is a hydrolase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo and promotes the synthesis of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan-3-ol gallates in plants. We studied the functions of CsTA through enzyme analysis, protein mass spectrometry, and metabolic analysis of genetically modified plants. Firstly, CsTA was found to be not only a hydrolase but also an acyltransferase. In the two-step catalytic reaction where CsTA hydrolyzes the galloylated compounds epigallocatechin-3-gallate or 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose into their degalloylated forms, a long-lived covalently bound Ser159-linked galloyl-enzyme intermediate is also formed. Under nucleophilic attack, the galloyl group on the intermediate is transferred to the nucleophilic acyl acceptor (such as water, methanol, flavan-3-ols, and simple galloyl glucoses). Then, metabolic analysis suggested that transient overexpression of TAs in young strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits, young leaves of tea plants, and young leaves of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) actually increased the total contents of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan-3-ol gallates. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the promiscuous acyltransferase activity of plant TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Changjuan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shixin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lingjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
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10
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Liu F, Wang Y, Corke H, Zhu H. Dynamic changes in flavonoids content during congou black tea processing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Hu Y, Zhang M, Lu M, Wu Y, Jing T, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Wang J, Gao T, Zhou Z, Wu B, Jiang H, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. Salicylic acid carboxyl glucosyltransferase UGT87E7 regulates disease resistance in Camellia sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1507-1520. [PMID: 34893910 PMCID: PMC8896648 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant immune response following pathogenic infection is regulated by plant hormones, and salicylic acid (SA) and its sugar conjugates play important roles in establishing basal resistance. Here, the important pathogen Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Pcs) was isolated from tea gray blight, one of the most destructive diseases in tea plantations. Transcriptomic analysis led to the discovery of the putative Camellia sinensis UDP-glucosyltransferase CsUGT87E7 whose expression was significantly induced by SA application and Pcs infection. Recombinant CsUGT87E7 glucosylates SA with a Km value of 12 µM to form SA glucose ester (SGE). Downregulation reduced the accumulation of SGE, and CsUGT87E7-silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control plants. Similarly, CsUGT87E7-silenced tea leaves accumulated significantly less SA after infection and showed reduced expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results suggest that CsUGT87E7 is an SA carboxyl glucosyltransferase that plays a positive role in plant disease resistance by modulating SA homeostasis through a mechanism distinct from that described in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This study provides insight into the mechanisms of SA metabolism and highlights the role of SGE in the modulation of plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zixiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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He B, Bai X, Tan Y, Xie W, Feng Y, Yang GY. Glycosyltransferases: Mining, engineering and applications in biosynthesis of glycosylated plant natural products. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:602-620. [PMID: 35261926 PMCID: PMC8883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors, among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosides. Elucidating GT function represents necessary step in metabolic engineering of aglycone glycosylation to produce drug leads, cosmetics, nutrients and sweeteners. In this review, we systematically summarize the phylogenetic distribution and catalytic diversity of plant GTs. We also discuss recent progress in the identification of novel GT candidates for synthesis of plant natural products (PNPs) using multi-omics technology and deep learning predicted models. We also highlight recent advances in rational design and directed evolution engineering strategies for new or improved GT functions. Finally, we cover recent breakthroughs in the application of GTs for microbial biosynthesis of some representative glycosylated PNPs, including flavonoid glycosides (fisetin 3-O-glycosides, astragalin, scutellarein 7-O-glucoside), terpenoid glycosides (rebaudioside A, ginsenosides) and polyketide glycosides (salidroside, polydatin).
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13
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Jiang D, Li P, Yin Y, Ren G, Liu C. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of UGTs from Glycyrrhiza uralensis flavonoid pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1108-1116. [PMID: 34582913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., a well-known medicinal plant, contains flavonoids including liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, and their corresponding glycoside liquiritin and isoliquiritin. Although some genes encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been functionally characterized in G. uralensis, other UGTs mechanisms of glycosylation remain to be elucidated. Against this background the aim of the present study included cloning and characterization of two full-length cDNA clones of GuUGT isoforms from the UGT multigene family. These included GuUGT2 (NCBI acc. MK341791) and GuUGT3 (NCBI acc. MK341793) with an ORF of 1473 and 1332 bp, respectively. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed GuUGTs protein of Glycine max had a high homology to that of other plants. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcript levels of GuUGTs in different tissues. The results indicated that GuUGTs was more expressed in roots as compared to the leaves, and significantly up-regulated upon NaCl stress. The recombinant protein was heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli and exhibited a high level of UGT activity, catalyzing formation of isoliquiritin and liquiritin from isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin. The key residues of GuUGT2 for liquiritigenin glycosylation (Asn223), isoliquiritigenin (Asp272) were predicted by molecular docking and residue scanning based on simulated mutations. These results could serve as an important reference to understand the function of the UGT family. In addition, the identification of GuUGT2 and GuUGT3 provides a foundation for future studies of flavonoid biosynthesis in G. uralensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Guangxi Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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14
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He X, Huang R, Liu L, Li Y, Wang W, Xu Q, Yu Y, Zhou T. CsUGT78A15 catalyzes the anthocyanidin 3-O-galactoside biosynthesis in tea plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:738-749. [PMID: 34217130 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of natural water-soluble pigments in plants that contribute to the pink-purple color of a range of tissues. Because anthocyanins have various biological activities in human health, there is great research interest in the development of anthocyanin-rich foods and beverages, including purple shoot tea. Anthocyanidin 3-O-galactosides have been identified as one of the main anthocyanin components in purple shoot tea, but the enzyme responsible for their biosynthesis remains unclear. UDP-galactose anthocyanidin 3-O-galactosyltransferase (UA3GalT) is presumed to catalyze the galactosylation of anthocyanidin. Therefore, we assayed the UA3GalT activity in five tea samples with varying degrees of purple color and found that its activity was strongly positively correlated (r = 0.929, p < 0.05) with anthocyanin content. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment suggested that CsUGT78A15 encoded a UA3GalT enzyme. Enzymatic assays indicated that rCsUGT78A15 could catalyze the synthesis of cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and delphinidin 3-O-galactoside using UDP-galactose as a sugar donor, and it showed higher catalytic efficiency towards delphinidin than cyanidin. These results indicate that CsUGT78A15 acts as a UA3GalT in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that CsUGT78A15 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus, consistent with the location of anthocyanin synthesis. Transient overexpression of CsUGT78A15 in the fruit of mature 'Granny Smith' apples showed that the upregulation of CsUGT78A15 promoted cyanidin 3-O-galactoside accumulation in apple skins. These results suggested that CsUGT78A15 could catalyze galactosylation of anthocyanidins in planta. Our findings provide insight into the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiu He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ronghao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lipeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianshan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Lin N, Liu X, Zhu W, Cheng X, Wang X, Wan X, Liu L. Ambient Ultraviolet B Signal Modulates Tea Flavor Characteristics via Shifting a Metabolic Flux in Flavonoid Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3401-3414. [PMID: 33719437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea leaves contain an extraordinarily high level of flavonoids that contribute to tea health benefits and flavor characteristics, but the regulatory mechanism of ambient ultraviolet B (UV-B) on tea flavonoid enrichment remains unclear. Here, we report that ambient UV-B modulates tea quality by inducing a metabolic flux in flavonoid biosynthesis. UV-B absence decreased bitter- and astringent-tasting flavonol glycosides (kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin-7-O-glucoside) but increased non-galloylated catechins. Conversely, supplementary UV-B increased flavonols and decreased catechins in tea leaves. These responses were achieved via CsHY5, which mediates the UV-B-induced MYB12 activation and binds to the promoters of flavonoid biosynthetic genes (CsFLS, CsLARa, and CsDFRa), leading to flavonoid changes. Transcriptomic data indicated that UV-B-induced tea flavonoid regulation is responsive to multiple biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. These findings improve our understanding of light-regulated tea astringency and bitterness underlying shading effects and seasonal light changes and provide novel insights into tea cultivation management and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xie H, Feng X, Wang M, Wang Y, Kumar Awasthi M, Xu P. Implications of endophytic microbiota in Camellia sinensis: a review on current understanding and future insights. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1001-1015. [PMID: 32881650 PMCID: PMC8291792 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1816788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi and bacteria are the most ubiquitous and representative commensal members that have been studied so far in various higher plants. Within colonization and interaction with their host plants, endophytic microbiota are reportedly to modulate not only the host's growth but also holobiont resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses, providing a natural reservoir and a promising solution for sustainable agricultural development challenged by global climate change. Moreover, possessing the talent to produce a wide array of high-value natural products, plant endophytic microbiota also serve as an alternative way for novel drug discovery. In this review, tea, one of the world's three largest nonalcoholic beverages and a worldwide economic woody crop, was highlighted in the context of endophytic microbiota. We explore the recent studies regarding isolation approaches, distribution characteristics and diversity, and also biological functions of endophytic microbiota in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Profoundly, the future insight into interaction mechanism between endophytic microbiota and tea plants will shed light on in-depth exploration of tea microbial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtong Xie
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou, China
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17
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Li Y, Li XL, Lai CJS, Wang RS, Kang LP, Ma T, Zhao ZH, Gao W, Huang LQ. Functional characterization of three flavonoid glycosyltransferases from Andrographis paniculata. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190150. [PMID: 31312486 PMCID: PMC6599797 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is an important traditional medicinal herb in South and Southeast Asian countries with diverse pharmacological activities that contains various flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides. Glycosylation can transform aglycones into more stable, biologically active and structurally diverse glycosides. Here, we report three glycosyltransferases from the leaves of A. paniculata (ApUFGTs) that presented wide substrate spectra for flavonoid glycosylation and exhibited multi-site glycosylation on the substrate molecules. They acted on the 7-OH position of the A ring and were able to glycosylate several other different types of compounds. The biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis of these glycosyltransferases were also investigated. This study provides a basis for further research on the cloning of genes involved in glycosylation from A. paniculata and offers opportunities for enhancing flavonoid glycoside production in heterologous hosts. These enzymes are expected to become effective tools for drug discovery and for the biosynthesis of derivatives via flavonoid glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Shan Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Wei Gao e-mail:
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, People's Republic of China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Lu-Qi Huang e-mail:
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