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Wang X, Lu Y, He J, Li X, Xu Y, Ren L, Li H. Untargeted metabolomics reveals the mechanism of amantadine toxicity on Laminaria japonica. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1448259. [PMID: 39113936 PMCID: PMC11303324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1448259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The antiviral agent amantadine is frequently detected in seawater and marine organisms. Because of increasing concentrations, amantadine has become a contaminant of emerging concern. This compound has toxic effects on the brown algae Laminaria japonica. The effects of amantadine on the biological processes of L. japonica and the corresponding toxic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, amantadine toxicity on L. japonica was investigated using histopathological and physiological characteristics combined with metabolomics analysis. Changes in metabolites were determined by untargeted metabolomics after exposure to 107 ng/L amantadine for 72 h. The catalase activity in the exposure group slightly increased, whereas the superoxide dismutase activity greatly decreased. An increase in the malondialdehyde concentration was observed after amantadine exposure, which suggested that lipid peroxidation and cell damage occurred. Metabolomics analysis showed that there were 406 differentially expressed metabolites after amantadine exposure. These were mainly phospholipids, amino acids, purines, and their derivatives. Inhibition of the glycerophospholipid metabolism affected the lipid bilayer and cell structure, which was aligned with changes in histological observation. Changes in amino acids led to perturbation of protein synthesis and induced oxidative stress through interference with glutathione metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. Amantadine also interfered with energy metabolism in L. japonica by disturbing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and purine metabolism. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of amantadine toxicity on L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Jinxia He
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Shandong Oriental Ocean Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Yingjiang Xu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
| | - Huanjun Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, China
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Zhao J, Chen J, Tian X, Jiang L, Cui Q, Sun Y, Wu N, Liu G, Ding Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Han D, Xu Y. Amantadine Toxicity in Apostichopus japonicus Revealed by Proteomics. TOXICS 2023; 11:226. [PMID: 36976991 PMCID: PMC10053536 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amantadine exposure can alter biological processes in sea cucumbers, which are an economically important seafood in China. In this study, amantadine toxicity in Apostichopus japonicus was analyzed by oxidative stress and histopathological methods. Quantitative tandem mass tag labeling was used to examine changes in protein contents and metabolic pathways in A. japonicus intestinal tissues after exposure to 100 µg/L amantadine for 96 h. Catalase activity significantly increased from days 1 to 3 of exposure, but it decreased on day 4. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities were inhibited throughout the exposure period. Malondialdehyde contents increased on days 1 and 4 but decreased on days 2 and 3. Proteomics analysis revealed 111 differentially expressed proteins in the intestines of A. japonicus after amantadine exposure compared with the control group. An analysis of the involved metabolic pathways showed that the glycolytic and glycogenic pathways may have increased energy production and conversion in A. japonicus after amantadine exposure. The NF-κB, TNF, and IL-17 pathways were likely induced by amantadine exposure, thereby activating NF-κB and triggering intestinal inflammation and apoptosis. Amino acid metabolism analysis showed that the leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways and the phenylalanine metabolic pathway inhibited protein synthesis and growth in A. japonicus. This study investigated the regulatory response mechanisms in A. japonicus intestinal tissues after exposure to amantadine, providing a theoretical basis for further research on amantadine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Zhao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
- School of Food, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xiuhui Tian
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Lisheng Jiang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Qingkui Cui
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Qingdao Ocean Management Security Center, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Laizhou Marine Development and Fisheries Service Center, Yantai 261499, China
| | - Yuzhu Ding
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Dianfeng Han
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yingjiang Xu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
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Pan Y, Wang Z, Duan C, Dou L, Wen K, Wang Z, Yu X, Shen J. Comparison of two fluorescence quantitative immunochromatographic assays for the detection of amantadine in chicken muscle. Food Chem 2022; 377:131931. [PMID: 34998149 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The two sensitive fluorescence quantitative immunochromatographic assays (FQICAs), background fluorescence quenching immunochromatographic assay (bFQICA) and time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA), play an important role increasingly in rapid detection technology for food safety. Amantadine (AMD), used extensively in virus infections in livestock and poultry, has been prohibited due to hazard concerns over public human health. Therefore, AMD was used as a model molecule in the FQICAs establishment and comparison based on the same bioreagents. The outstanding performance in technical parameters of the two FQICAs indicated that they could provide rapid, precise, reliable technical support for large-scale on-site screening for AMD detection. What's more, the systematic and comprehensive comparison of the two FQICAs would give useful suggestions for scientists and users in monitoring the harmful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaopeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Leina Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Niessen W. Tandem mass spectrometry of small-molecule antiviral drugs: 3. antiviral agents against herpes, influenza and other viral infections. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 455:116377. [PMID: 32834766 PMCID: PMC7292951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2020.116377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the treatment of various viral infections, antiviral drugs may be used. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) operated in selected-reaction monitoring (SRM) mode is the method of choice in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs, e.g., to establish bioavailability, to study pharmacokinetics, and later on possibly for therapeutic drug monitoring. In this study, the fragmentation in MS-MS of small-molecule antiviral drugs against herpes and influenza viruses is reviewed. In this way, insight is gained on the identity of the product ions used in SRM. Fragmentation schemes of antiviral agents are also relevant in the identification of drug metabolites or (forced) degradation products. As information of the fragmentation of antiviral drugs in MS-MS and the identity of the product ions is very much scattered in the scientific literature, it was decided to collect this information and to review it. In this third study, attention is paid to small-molecule antiviral agents used against herpes and influenza virus infections. In addition, some attention is paid to broad-spectrum antiviral agents, that are investigated with respect to their efficacy in challenging virus infections of this century, e.g., involving Ebola, Zika and corona viruses, like SARS-CoV-2, which is causing a world-wide pandemic at this very moment. The review provides fragmentation schemes of ca. 35 antiviral agents. The identity of the product ions used in SRM, i.e., elemental composition and exact-m/z, is tabulated, and more detailed fragmentation schemes are provided.
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