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Alawadi M, Fakhari AR, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Dextrin-assisted gel electromembrane extraction of chiral drugs: Improving the extraction efficiency and investigation of enantioselectivity of extraction. Talanta 2024; 274:126016. [PMID: 38599118 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the use of dextrins (maltodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) to improve the efficiency of the agarose-based gel electromembrane extraction technique for extracting chiral basic drugs (citalopram, hydroxyzine, and cetirizine). Additionally, it examines the enantioselectivity of the extraction process for these drugs. To achieve these, dextrins were incorporated into either the sample solution, the membrane, or the acceptor solution, and then the extraction procedure was performed. Enantiomers were separated and analyzed using a capillary electrophoresis device equipped with a UV detector. The results obtained under the optimal extraction conditions (sample solution pH: 4.0, acceptor solution pH: 2.0, gel membrane pH: 3.0, agarose concentration: 3 % w/v, stirring rate: 1000 rpm, gel thickness: 4.4 mm, extraction voltage: 62.3 V, and extraction time: 32.1 min) indicated that incorporating dextrins into either the sample solution, membrane or the acceptor solution enhances extraction efficiency by 17.3-23.1 %. The most significant increase was observed when hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was added to the acceptor solution. The findings indicated that the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the sample solution resulted in an enantioselective extraction, yielding an enantiomeric excess of 6.42-7.14 %. The proposed method showed a linear range of 5.0-2000 ng/mL for enantiomers of model drugs. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all enantiomers were found to be < 4.5 ng/mL and <15.0 ng/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day RSDs (n = 4) were less than 10.8 %, and the relative errors were less than 3.2 % for all the enantiomers. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to determine concentrations of enantiomers in a urine sample with relative recoveries of 96.8-99.2 %, indicating good reliability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alawadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Schüller M, Hansen FA, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Extraction performance of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction in prototype equipment. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464440. [PMID: 37832461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this comparative study, the performance of liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction in prototype equipment was evaluated for extraction of ninety basic substances from plasma. Using a commercial EME device based on conductive vials enabled a standardized and comprehensive comparison between the two methods. Extractions were performed from a pH-adjusted donor solution, across an organic liquid membrane immobilized in a porous polypropylene membrane, and into an acidic acceptor solution. In LPME, dodecyl acetate was used as the extraction solvent, while 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether was used for EME with an electric field applied across the system. To assess the extraction performance, extraction recovery plots and extraction time curves were constructed and analyzed. These plots provided insights into the efficiency and effectiveness of LPME and EME, allowing users to make better decisions about the most suitable method for a specific bioanalytical application. Both LPME and EME were effective for substances with 2.0 < log P < 4.0, with EME showing faster extraction kinetics. Small (200 µL) and large vials (600 µL) were compared, showing that smaller vials improved kinetics markedly in both techniques. Carrier-mediated extraction showed improved performance for analytes with log P < 2 in EME, however, with some limitations due to system instability. This is, to our knowledge, the first time LPME was performed in the commercial vial-based equipment. An evaluation of vial-based LPME investigating linearity, precision, accuracy, and matrix effects showed promising results. These findings contribute to a general understanding of the performance differences in vial-based LPME and EME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schüller
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Skaalvik TG, Zhou C, Øiestad EL, Hegstad S, Trones R, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Conductive vial electromembrane extraction of opioids from oral fluid. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5323-5335. [PMID: 37386201 PMCID: PMC10444644 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of oral fluid as sample matrix has gained significance in the analysis of drugs of abuse due to its non-invasive nature. In this study, the 13 opioids morphine, oxycodone, codeine, O-desmethyl tramadol, ethylmorphine, tramadol, pethidine, ketobemidone, buprenorphine, fentanyl, cyclopropylfentanyl, etonitazepyne, and methadone were extracted from oral fluid using electromembrane extraction based on conductive vials prior to analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Oral fluid was collected using Quantisal collection kits. By applying voltage, target analytes were extracted from oral fluid samples diluted with 0.1% formic acid, across a liquid membrane and into a 300 μL 0.1% (v/v) formic acid solution. The liquid membrane comprised 8 μL membrane solvent immobilized in the pores of a flat porous polypropylene membrane. The membrane solvent was a mixture of 6-methylcoumarin, thymol, and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. The composition of the membrane solvent was found to be the most important parameter to achieve simultaneous extraction of all target opioids, which had predicted log P values in the range from 0.7 to 5.0. The method was validated in accordance to the guidelines by the European Medical Agency with satisfactory results. Intra- and inter-day precision and bias were within guideline limits of ± 15% for 12 of 13 compounds. Extraction recoveries ranged from 39 to 104% (CV ≤ 23%). Internal standard normalized matrix effects were in the range from 88 to 103% (CV ≤ 5%). Quantitative results of authentic oral fluid samples were in accordance with a routine screening method, and external quality control samples for both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were within acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Gottenberg Skaalvik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Professor Brochs Gate 6, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4459 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solfrid Hegstad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Professor Brochs Gate 6, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roger Trones
- Extraction Technologies Norway, Verkstedveien 29, 1424, Ski, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Dantas AM, Fernandes FG, Magnani M, da Silva Campelo Borges G. Gastrointestinal digestion assays for evaluating the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in fruits and their derivates: an overview. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112920. [PMID: 37316040 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and their derivatives are sources of phenolic compounds, which contribute to the maintenance of health benefits. In order to exert such properties, these compounds must be exposed to gastrointestinal conditions during digestion. In vitro methods of gastrointestinal digestion have been developed to simulate and evaluate the changes that compounds undergo after being exposed to various conditions. We present, in this review, the major in vitro methods for evaluating the effects of gastrointestinal digestion of phenolic compounds in fruits and their derivatives. We discuss the concept of bioaccessibility, bioactivity, and bioavailability, as well as the conceptual differences and calculations among studies. Finally, the main changes caused by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in phenolic compounds are also discussed. The significant variation of parameters and concepts observed hinders a better evaluation of the real effects on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, thus, the use of standardized methods in research would contribute for a better understanding of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Macedo Dantas
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Graciele da Silva Campelo Borges
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Center of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Foods Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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5
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Hai X, Shi F, Zhu Y, Ma L, Wang L, Yin J, Li X, Yang Z, Yuan M, Xiong H, Gao Y. Development of magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of four phenolic compounds from food samples based on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and a deep eutectic supramolecular solvent. Food Chem 2023; 410:135338. [PMID: 36621335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction technique (CS@Fe3O4-MD-μSPE-DESP) based on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles and a deep eutectic supramolecular solvent was developed and applied to determinations of four phenolic compounds in food samples. To prevent environmental pollution and the introduction of toxic substances, deep eutectic supramolecular solvents (DESPs), which exhibited greater desorption capacities than conventional organic solvents and deep eutectic solvents, were used as novel green eluents for the first time. Some important parameters were screened by the Plackett-Burman method and then further optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method showed excellent methodological indices with linearity over the range 0.1-200.0 µg·mL-1, R2 > 0.9988, extraction recoveries above 94.8 %, and precision (RSD%) below 2.9 %. The established method finishes the process of adsorption and desorption in approximately 3 min and enhances the efficiency for determination of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Hai
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jinfang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Mingwei Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huabin Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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6
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Samkumpim T, Alahmad W, Tabani H, Varanusupakul P, Kraiya C. Application of oxygen scavengers in gel electromembrane extraction: A green methodology for simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in sausage samples. Food Chem 2023; 422:136190. [PMID: 37137238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of oxygen from electrolysis in gel electromembrane extraction (G-EME) causes a negative error when applied to the analysis of easily oxidized species such as nitrite. Nitrite in G-EME is oxidized by oxygen to nitrate, leading to the negative error and the impossibility of simultaneous analysis. In this work, the application of oxygen scavengers to the acceptor phase of the G-EME system was attempted to minimize the oxidation effect. Several oxygen scavengers were selected and examined according to their compatibility with ion chromatography. The mixture of sulfite and bisulfite (14 mg L-1) showed the highest efficiency in preventing the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. Under the optimized conditions, a good linear range was obtained (10-200 μg L-1; R2 > 0.998) with a detection limit of 8 µg L-1 for both nitrite and nitrate. This method was applied to the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in sausage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Samkumpim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Charoenkwan Kraiya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Gel electro-membrane extraction: An overview on recent strategies for extraction efficiency enhancement. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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8
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Román-Hidalgo C, López-Pérez G, Villar-Navarro M, Martín-Valero MJ. Green electromembrane extraction procedure based on biodegradable chitosan films for determination of polyphenolic compounds in food samples: Greenness assessment of the sample preparation approach. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Rahbarian H, Nojavan S, Maghsoudi M, Tabani H. In-tube gel electromembrane extraction: A green strategy for the extraction of narcotic drugs from biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1688:463714. [PMID: 36565655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of green and miniature extraction methods is always a major and controversial challenge in the field of sample preparation. In this work, in-tube gel electromembrane extraction (IT-G-EME) was developed as a miniaturized extraction device for the extraction of six narcotic drugs (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, tramadol, thebaine, and noscapine) from biological samples. A transparent capillary tube (∼6 cm) was used as a microextraction unit. The middle part of the tube was filled with a narrow plug (∼3 mm) of the agarose gel (3.0% w/v) as a membrane and the other sides were filled with aqueous extractant solution (pH 2.0, 20 µL) and sample solution (pH 5.0, 200 µL). By applying electrical potential (400 V), the target drugs with positive charge were migrated from sample solution toward the extractant solution through gel membrane during short extraction time (5 min). Then, the enriched analytes in extractant solution was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear within the permissible range of 10.0-1500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.991). Limits of detection and extraction recoveries were in the range of 3.0-4.5 ng/mL and 61.9-86.9%, respectively. On the basis of four replications, the repeatability of the method was also evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-day RSDs (%), which did not exceed from 6.6 and 7.9%, respectively in aqueous media. The figures of merit were also assessed in biological samples. Eventually, the developed method was profitably used for simultaneous determination of narcotic drugs in the real urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Rahbarian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Nabizadeh H, Mohammadi A, Dolatabadi R, Nojavan S, Vahabizad F. Sensitive determination of ethosuximide in human fluids by electromembrane extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nabizadeh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Food and Drug Administration Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin Tehran Iran
| | - Fahimeh Vahabizad
- Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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11
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Zhou S, Guo J, Zou Y, Wang L, Kaw HY, Quinto M, Meng LY, Dong M. Fast removal of phenolic compounds from water using hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers membrane. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Behpour M, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Analysis of methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, and buprenorphine in biological samples by ion mobility spectrometry after electromembrane extraction in tandem with slug flow microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463355. [PMID: 35908513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel tandem extraction method based on electromembrane extraction (EME) and slug flow microextraction (SFME) was developed for the extraction of some narcotics (methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, and buprenorphine) from biological samples. The analytes were quantified by corona discharge-ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS). In this method, initially, analytes were extracted using an EME procedure (step-1). After that, the acceptor solution of the first step containing target analytes was applied in an SFME procedure (step-2) as a donor solution for further preconcentration. In the second step, analytes were extracted from an aqueous solution into an organic extractant. The optimum EME and SFME conditions were as follows: type of supported liquid membrane: 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether containing 10% v/v di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, acceptor solution pH: 1.0, sample solution pH: 4.0, voltage: 248 V, extraction time: 17.5 min, tilting number of glass capillary tube: 10 times, type of the organic extractant: toluene, the concentration of NaOH solution: 400 mM. Under optimum extraction conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.50-750.0 ng/mL with coefficients of determination (r2) ≥ 0.991. The limits of detection and quantification were achieved in the range of 0.15-3.5 ng/mL and 0.50-12.0 ng/mL, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precisions (n = 3) provided RSDs lower than 12.8% and 12.7%, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 255.7 to 505.4 and 37.6-78.3%, respectively. Comparing the EME/HPLC-UV with EME-SFME/CD-IMS showed that using the tandem extraction method improved the enrichment factors by more than 2.7 times and limits of detection and quantification by more than 15 times. Finally, this procedure was used to quantify target analytes in plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Behpour
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
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13
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Sahragard A, Alahmad W, Varanusupakul P. Application of electrocolorimetric extraction for the determination of Ni(II) ions in chocolate samples: A green methodology for food analysis. Food Chem 2022; 382:132344. [PMID: 35144191 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study developed an electrocolorimetric extraction technique as a simple, rapid, and green method for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Ni(II) in chocolate samples. The system was designed using an agarose gel (3% w/v) solution containing 10% v/v 80 mM dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and 10% v/v 0.03 M ammonia as colorimetric reagents to determine Ni(II) ions. When voltage was applied to the system, Ni(II) ions were extracted from the donor solution into the gel and formed Ni-DMG complexes with a pink color. Under the optimal conditions, a good linear range was obtained from 30 to 750 µg L-1 (R2 > 0.998) with a detection limit of 1 µg L-1. Inter- and intra-assay results showing relative standard deviations were less than 2.6% and 1.9%, respectively. Our developed method was applied to determine Ni(II) in chocolate samples. The results were in agreement with those obtained using ICP-OES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sahragard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleed Alahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Abbasi H, Abbasi S, Haeri SA, Rezayati S, kalantari F, Heravi MRP. Electromembrane extraction using biodegradable deep eutectic solvents and agarose gel as green and organic solvent-free strategies for the determination of polar and non-polar bases drugs from biological samples: A comparative study. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1222:339986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Eie LV, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen FA. Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114407. [PMID: 34634529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vårdal Eie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Chen H, Song X, Huang X. Development of magnetism-assisted in-tube solid phase microextraction of phenolic acids in fruit juices prior to high-performance liquid chromatography quantification. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3418-3428. [PMID: 34288429 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism-assisted in-tube solid phase microextraction based on porous monolith mingled with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was developed for capture of phenolic acids in fruit juices. First, poly (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoro methyl) sulfonyl] imide-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith embedded with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was facile fabrication in a capillary and employed as microextraction column. Subsequently, a magnetic coil adopted to produce variable magnetic fields during extraction stage was twined on the microextraction column. The analytes contents in eluant were quantified by high performance liquid chromatogram with diode array detector. Various parameters affecting the extraction performance were inspected and optimized in detail. Results revealed that the exertion of magnetic fields in adsorption and desorption steps enhanced the extraction efficiencies of analytes from 44.9-64.0% to 78.6-87.1%. Under the optimal extraction factors, the limits of detection were between 0.012 and 0.061 μg/L, relative standard deviations for precision in terms of intra- and inter-day assay variability ranged from 1.9 to 9.8%. The introduced approach was successfully applied to simultaneously quantify the contents of five analytes in real fruit juices with satisfying fortified recoveries (80.1-116%). The obtained results well demonstrate the promising potential of the developed method in the highly sensitive quantification of trace phenolic acids in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochong Song
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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