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Kansagra KA, Momin T, Patel HB, Shah C, Parmar G, Ghoghari A, Patel HV, Parmar DV. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a novel kappa opioid receptor agonist ZYKR1: a randomized double-blind placebo-control phase 1 study in healthy adult human participants. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4737-4745. [PMID: 38141084 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
To perform first-in-human single-dose escalation trial of ZYKR1, which is a potent, selective, and peripherally-restricted kappa opioid receptor agonist, is the purpose of this study. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single ascending dose study conducted at Zydus Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India included healthy male participants aged 18-55 years and weighing > 50 kg. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ZYKR1. The secondary objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ZYKR1. Participants received ZYKR1 (0.5 - 6 mcg/kg) or placebo infused intravenously in 15 ± 1 min. Of total five dose groups (0.5 - 6 mcg/kg), each group included eight participants with six and two randomized to ZYKR1 and placebo, respectively. Three participants experienced six treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); two were gastrointestinal disorders (nausea and vomiting at 2 mcg/kg); and four were related to the nervous system (headache (at 2 mcg/kg) and facial tingling, facial numbness and paresthesia (at 6 mcg/kg)); all TEAEs were mild and resolved without sequelae. The Cmax of ZYKR1 was achieved after 15 - 20 min of start of infusion. The mean exposures (Cmax and AUC0 - t) increased in a dose-proportional manner. The mean t1/2 ranged from 2.20 to 2.98 h across the dose range. Increase in the mean prolactin level was significantly higher in treatment groups compared with that in the placebo group. Intravenous ZYKR1 at doses up to 6 mcg/kg showed acceptable safety and tolerability and demonstrated a short half-life with principal route of excretion as renal. ZYKR1 displayed a potent PD effect reflected by increased prolactin levels, supporting further study in patients. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2018/07/014927. Date of registration: 18/07/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinkumar A Kansagra
- Zydus Research Centre, Clinical R & D, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India.
| | | | - Hardik B Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Clinical R & D, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Chintan Shah
- Zydus Research Centre, Clinical R & D, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Gordhan Parmar
- Zydus Research Centre, Clinical R & D, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashok Ghoghari
- Zydus Research Centre, Clinical R & D, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Harilal V Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Clinical R & D, Zydus Lifesciences Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
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