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Ligand diversity contributes to the full activation of the jasmonate pathway in Marchantia polymorpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202930119. [PMID: 36037336 PMCID: PMC9457472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202930119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, jasmonate signaling regulates a wide range of processes from growth and development to defense responses and thermotolerance. Jasmonates, such as jasmonic acid (JA), (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), 12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), and dinor-12-oxo-10,15(Z)-phytodienoic acid (dn-OPDA), are derived from C18 (18 Carbon atoms) and C16 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are found ubiquitously in the plant kingdom. Bryophytes are also rich in C20 and C22 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), which are found only at low levels in some vascular plants but are abundant in organisms of other kingdoms, including animals. The existence of bioactive jasmonates derived from LCPUFAs is currently unknown. Here, we describe the identification of an OPDA-like molecule derived from a C20 fatty acid (FA) in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Mp), which we term (5Z,8Z)-10-(4-oxo-5-((Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)deca-5,8-dienoic acid (C20-OPDA). This molecule accumulates upon wounding and, when applied exogenously, can activate known Coronatine Insensitive 1 (COI1) -dependent and -independent jasmonate responses. Furthermore, we identify a dn-OPDA-like molecule (Δ4-dn-OPDA) deriving from C20-OPDA and demonstrate it to be a ligand of the jasmonate coreceptor (MpCOI1-Mp Jasmonate-Zinc finger inflorescence meristem domain [MpJAZ]) in Marchantia. By analyzing mutants impaired in the production of LCPUFAs, we elucidate the major biosynthetic pathway of C20-OPDA and Δ4-dn-OPDA. Moreover, using a double mutant compromised in the production of both Δ4-dn-OPDA and dn-OPDA, we demonstrate the additive nature of these molecules in the activation of jasmonate responses. Taken together, our data identify a ligand of MpCOI1 and demonstrate LCPUFAs as a source of bioactive jasmonates that are essential to the immune response of M. polymorpha.
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Cacciola A, D'Angelo V, Raimondo FM, Germanò MP, Braca A, De Leo M. Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. as a Source of Health Promoting Products: Metabolomic Profile, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200237. [PMID: 35581160 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The methanolic extract of the stem bark of a wild species of jujube, Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam., growing in Sicily, was chemically and biologically investigated. The chemical profile was defined by UHPLC-HR-ESI-Orbitrap/MS analysis whereas antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were investigated by in vitro assays. The extract showed a high total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC=271.65 GAE/g and TFC=188.11 RE/g extract). Metabolomic analysis revealed a rich phytocomplex characterized by phenols, cyclopeptide alkaloids, and triterpenoid saponins, some of which here detected for the first time. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay displayed that the methanolic extract efficiently inhibits the monophenolase and diphenolase activity. Furthermore, the extract showed a strong ability to scavenge DPPH, a good Fe3+ reducing antioxidant power, in addition to a Fe2+ chelating activity. Taken together, these results suggest possible novel applications of wild jujube stem bark as a source of potential skin-care agents with several uses in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali - ChiBioFarAm, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 vill. S. Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy.,Fondazione 'Prof. Antonino Imbesi', Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali - ChiBioFarAm, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 vill. S. Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco M Raimondo
- PLANTA/Centro autonomo di Ricerca, Documentazione e Formazione, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali - ChiBioFarAm, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 vill. S. Agata, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,CISUP, Center for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa University, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,CISUP, Center for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa University, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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