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Wahyuni WT, Putra BR, Rahman HA, Anindya W, Hardi J, Rustami E, Ahmad SN. Electrochemical Sensors based on Gold-Silver Core-Shell Nanoparticles Combined with a Graphene/PEDOT:PSS Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Paraoxon-ethyl Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2896-2910. [PMID: 38250352 PMCID: PMC10795144 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a nonenzymatic detection of paraoxon-ethyl was developed by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with gold-silver core-shell (Au-Ag) nanoparticles combined with the composite of graphene with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). These core-shell nanoparticles (Au-Ag) were synthesized using a seed-growth method and characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. Meanwhile, the structural properties, surface morphology and topography, and electrochemical characterization of the composite of Au-Ag core-shell/graphene/PEDOT:PSS were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Moreover, the proposed sensor for paraoxon-ethyl detection based on Au-Ag core-shell/graphene/PEDOT:PSS modified GCE demonstrates good electrochemical and electroanalytical performance when investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and chronoamperometry techniques. It was found that the synergistic effect between Au-Ag core-shell nanoparticles and the composite of graphene/PEDOT:PSS provides a higher conductivity and enhanced electrocatalytic activity for paraoxon-ethyl detection at an optimum pH of 7. At pH 7, the proposed sensor for paraoxon-ethyl detection shows a linear range of concentrations from 0.2 to 100 μM with a limit of detection of 10 nM and high sensitivity of 3.24 μA μM-1 cm-2. In addition, the proposed sensor for paraoxon-ethyl confirmed good reproducibility, with the possibility of being further developed as a disposable electrode. This sensor also displayed good selectivity in the presence of several interfering species such as diazinon, carbaryl, ascorbic acid, glucose, nitrite, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium sulfate. For practical applications, this proposed sensor was employed for the determination of paraoxon-ethyl in real samples (fruits and vegetables) and showed no significant difference from the standard spectrophotometric technique. In conclusion, this proposed sensor might have a potential to be developed as a platform of electrochemical sensors for pesticide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Tri Wahyuni
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, 16680Bogor,Indonesia
- Tropical
Biopharma Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Empowerment, IPB University, 16680 Bogor,Indonesia
| | - Budi Riza Putra
- Research
Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang 15315, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Hemas Arif Rahman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, 16680Bogor,Indonesia
| | - Weni Anindya
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, 16680Bogor,Indonesia
| | - Jaya Hardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, 94148 Kota Palu,Indonesia
| | - Erus Rustami
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, 16680 Bogor,Indonesia
| | - Shahrul Nizam Ahmad
- School
of
Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Alex A V, Mukherjee A. An ultrasensitive "mix-and-detect" kind of fluorescent biosensor for malaoxon detection using the AChE-ATCh-Ag-GO system. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14159-14170. [PMID: 37180011 PMCID: PMC10167908 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaoxon, a highly toxic metabolite of malathion, can lead to severe harm or death if ingested. This study introduces a rapid and innovative fluorescent biosensor that relies on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition for detecting malaoxon using Ag-GO nanohybrid. The synthesized nanomaterials (GO, Ag-GO) were evaluated with multiple characterization methods to confirm their elemental composition, morphology, and crystalline structure. The fabricated biosensor works by utilizing AChE to catalyze the substrate acetylthiocholine (ATCh), which generates positively charged thiocholine (TCh) and triggers citrate-coated AgNP aggregation on the GO sheet, leading to an increase in fluorescence emission at 423 nm. However, the presence of malaoxon inhibits the AChE action and reduces the production of TCh, resulting in a decrease in fluorescence emission intensity. This mechanism allows the biosensor to detect a wide range of malaoxon concentrations with excellent linearity and low LOD and LOQ values of 0.001 pM to 1000 pM, 0.9 fM, and 3 fM, respectively. The biosensor also demonstrated superior inhibitory efficacy towards malaoxon compared to other OP pesticides, indicating its resistance to external influences. In practical sample testing, the biosensor displayed recoveries of over 98% with extremely low RSD% values. Based on the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that the developed biosensor has the potential to be used in various real-world applications for detecting malaoxon in food, and water samples, with high sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinotha Alex A
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India +91 416 2202620
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India +91 416 2202620
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Elistratova JG, Akhmadeev BS, Islamova LN, Fazleeva GM, Kalinin AA, Orekhov AS, Petrov KA, Sinyashin OG, Mustafina AR. Mixed bilayers of phosphatidylcholine with dialkylaminostyrylhetarene dyes for AChE-assisted fluorescent sensing of paraoxon. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vang JY, Breceda C, Her C, Krishnan VV. Enzyme kinetics by real-time quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy with progress curve analysis. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114919. [PMID: 36154835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarizes how the experimental data obtained using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy can be combined with progress curve analysis to determine enzyme kinetic parameters. The qNMR approach enables following the enzymatic conversion of the substrate to the product in real-time by a continuous collection of spectra. The Lambert-W function, a closed-form solution to the time-dependent substrate/product kinetics of the rate equation, can estimate the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM.) and the maximum velocity (Vmax) from a single experiment. This article highlights how the qNMR data is well suited for analysis using the Lambert-W function with three different applications. Results from studies on acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine to acetic acid and choline), β-Galactosidase (lactose to glucose and galactose), and invertase (sucrose to glucose and fructose) are presented. Furthermore, an additional example of how the progress curve analysis is applied to understand the inhibitory role of the artificial sweetener sucralose on sucrose's enzymatic conversion by invertase is discussed. With the wide availability of NMR spectrometers in academia and industries, including bench-top systems with permanent magnets, and the potential to enhance sensitivity using dynamic nuclear polarization in combination with ultrafast methods, the NMR-based enzyme kinetics could be considered a valuable tool for broader applications in the field of enzyme kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y Vang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Candido Breceda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Cheenou Her
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - V V Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA; Department of Medical Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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