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Posocco B, Zanchetta M, Orleni M, Gagno S, Montico M, Peruzzi E, Roncato R, Gerratana L, Corsetti S, Puglisi F, Toffoli G. Therapeutic Monitoring of Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib, M2, M20, and Letrozole in Human Plasma: A Novel LC-MS/MS Method. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:485-493. [PMID: 38366332 PMCID: PMC11232939 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) using cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6is) is a novel approach for optimizing treatment outcomes. Currently, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are the available CDK4/6is and are primarily coadministered with letrozole. This study aimed to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of CDK4/6is, 2 active metabolites of abemaciclib (M2 and M20), and letrozole in human plasma for use in TDM studies. METHODS Sample pretreatment comprised protein precipitation with methanol and dilution of the supernatant with an aqueous mobile phase. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase XBridge BEH C18 column (2.5 μm, 3.0 × 75 mm XP), with methanol serving as the organic mobile phase and pyrrolidine-pyrrolidinium formate (0.005:0.005 mol/L) buffer (pH 11.3) as the aqueous mobile phase. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for the detection, with the ESI source switched from negative to positive ionization mode and the acquisition performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS The complete validation procedure was successfully performed in accordance with the latest regulatory guidelines. The following analytical ranges (ng/mL) were established for the tested compounds: 6-300, palbociclib and letrozole; 120-6000, ribociclib; 40-800, abemaciclib; and 20-400, M2 and M20. All results met the acceptance criteria for linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity, matrix effects, and carryover. A total of 85 patient samples were analyzed, and all measured concentrations were within the validated ranges. The percent difference for the reanalyzed samples ranged from -11.2% to 7.0%. CONCLUSIONS A simple and robust LC-MS/MS method was successfully validated for the simultaneous quantification of CDK4/6is, M2, M20, and letrozole in human plasma. The assay was found to be suitable for measuring steady-state trough concentrations of the analytes in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Martina Zanchetta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Orleni
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marcella Montico
- Clinical Trial Office, Scientific Direction-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena Peruzzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medical Oncology-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Serena Corsetti
- Department of Medical Oncology-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; and
- Department of Medical Oncology-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit-CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Banerjee S, Hatimuria M, Sarkar K, Das J, Pabbathi A, Sil PC. Recent Contributions of Mass Spectrometry-Based "Omics" in the Studies of Breast Cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:137-180. [PMID: 38011513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most heterogeneous groups of cancer. As every biotype of BC is unique and presents a particular "omic" signature, they are increasingly characterized nowadays with novel mass spectrometry (MS) strategies. BC therapeutic approaches are primarily based on the two features of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor (ER) positivity. Various strategic MS implementations are reported in studies of BC also involving data independent acquisitions (DIAs) of MS which report novel differential proteomic, lipidomic, proteogenomic, phosphoproteomic, and metabolomic characterizations associated with the disease and its therapeutics. Recently many "omic" studies have aimed to identify distinct subsidiary biotypes for diagnosis, prognosis, and targets of treatment. Along with these, drug-induced-resistance phenotypes are characterized by "omic" changes. These identifying aspects of the disease may influence treatment outcomes in the near future. Drug quantifications and characterizations are also done regularly and have implications in therapeutic monitoring and in drug efficacy assessments. We report these studies, mentioning their implications toward the understanding of BC. We briefly provide the MS instrumentation principles that are adopted in such studies as an overview with a brief outlook on DIA-MS strategies. In all of these, we have chosen a model cancer for its revelations through MS-based "omics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Surendranath College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Madushmita Hatimuria
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram India
| | - Kasturi Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ashok Pabbathi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Department of Molecular Medicine Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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Turković L, Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Mlinarić Z, Skenderović A, Silovski T, Sertić M. Optimisation of Solid-Phase Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Six Breast Cancer Drugs in Patient Plasma Samples. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1445. [PMID: 37895916 PMCID: PMC10610126 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of bioanalytical LC-MS methods for the determination of drugs in plasma samples in a clinical setting, adequate sample preparation is of utmost importance. The main goals are to achieve the selective extraction of the analytes of interest and attain thorough matrix removal while retaining acceptable ecological properties, cost-effectiveness, and high throughput. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) offers a versatile range of options, from the selection of an appropriate sorbent to the optimisation of the washing and elution conditions. In this work, the first SPE method for the simultaneous extraction of six anticancer drugs used in novel therapeutic combinations for advanced breast cancer treatment-palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, anastrozole, letrozole, and fulvestrant-was developed. The following sorbent chemistries were tested: octylsilyl (C8), octadecylsilyl (C18), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), mixed-mode cation-exchange (MCX and X-C), and mixed-mode weak cation-exchange (WCX), with different corresponding elution solvents. The samples were analysed using LC-MS/MS, with a phenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.5 μm). The best extraction recoveries (≥92.3%) of all analytes were obtained with the C8 phase, using methanol as the elution solvent. The optimised method was validated in the clinically relevant ranges, showing adequate precision (inter-day RSD ≤ 14.3%) and accuracy (inter-day bias -12.7-13.5%). Finally, its applicability was successfully proven by the analysis of samples from breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Turković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.M.)
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.M.)
| | - Anamarija Skenderović
- GxR&D Analytics Zagreb, Global R&D, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Prilaz Baruna Filipovica 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miranda Sertić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovacica 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (Z.M.)
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Habler K, Kalla AS, Rychlik M, Vogeser M, Teupser D. Therapeutic drug monitoring in breast cancer therapy - LC-MS/MS method for quantification of the CDK4/6 inhibitors abemaciclib, palbociclib, ribociclib, and major metabolites abemaciclib M20 and M2 in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 225:115211. [PMID: 36603395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency for the treatment of breast cancer between 2015 and 2018. Oral tumor therapeutics extend the options for cancer therapy, but also challenge physicians and patients. The aim of the present work was to establish a semi-automated liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of abemaciclib, its active metabolites abemaciclib M20 and M2, palbociclib, and ribociclib in human serum. Detuning of ribociclib enabled the development of a simultaneous quantification method for abemaciclib, M20, M2, palbociclib, and ribociclib in the respective relevant concentration ranges based on semi-automated sample preparation with isotope dilution LC-MS/MS. The method was validated according to the guidance of the FDA. The LC-MS/MS method was successfully validated according to FDA and showed inaccuracies ≤ 10.7% and imprecisions ≤ 8.51%. Linearity was given from 20 to 800 ng/mL for abemaciclib, 15-600 ng/mL for M20, 10-400 ng/mL for M2 and palbociclib, and 100-4000 ng/mL for ribociclib. Normalized matrix factors and process efficiency showed no significant matrix effects regardless of the analytes. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, authentic samples were also analyzed. This novel semi-automated LC-MS/MS method covering all previously approved CDK4/6 inhibitors as well as the similarly pharmacologically active metabolites in human serum simultaneously was developed for potential future use in routine analysis in order to improve personalized therapy, patient safety, and treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Habler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Anne-Sophie Kalla
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vogeser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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