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Madsen JM, Engstrøm T, Obling LER, Zhou Y, Nepper-Christensen L, Beske RP, Vejlstrup NG, Bang LE, Hassager C, Folke F, Kyhl K, Andersen LB, Christensen HC, Rytoft L, Arslani K, Holmvang L, Pedersen F, Ahlehoff O, Jabbari R, Barfod C, Hougaard M, Minkkinen M, Tilsted HH, Sørensen R, Lønborg JT. Prehospital Pulse-Dose Glucocorticoid in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The PULSE-MI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol 2024; 9:882-891. [PMID: 39211964 PMCID: PMC11365011 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Importance In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute inflammation is related to the extent of myocardial damage and may increase infarct size. Thus, administration of pulse-dose glucocorticoid in the very early phase of infarction may reduce infarct size. Objective To determine the cardioprotective effect of prehospital pulse-dose glucocorticoid in patients with STEMI. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a 1:1 investigator-initiated, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted between November 14, 2022, and October 17, 2023, with last follow-up on January 17, 2024. Patients 18 years and older with less than 12 hours of acute chest pain and STEMI were included in the prehospital setting throughout the Region Zealand and Capital Region of Denmark and transferred to Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Intervention Patients were randomly allocated to intravenous glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone, 250 mg) or placebo in the prehospital setting. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was final infarct size on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 3 months. The power calculation was based on an anticipated final infarct size of 13%. Secondary outcomes included CMR outcomes on acute scan and at 3 months, peak of cardiac biomarkers, clinical end points at 3 months, and adverse events. Results Of 530 included patients (median [IQR] age, 65 [56-75] years; 418 male [78.9%]) with STEMI, 401 (76%) were assessed for the primary outcome, with 198 patients treated with glucocorticoid and 203 with placebo. Median final infarct size was similar in the treatment groups (glucocorticoid, 5%; IQR, 2%-11% vs placebo, 6%; IQR, 2%-13%; P = .24). Compared with placebo, the glucocorticoid group had smaller acute infarct size (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61-1.00), less microvascular obstruction (relative risk ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.99), and greater acute left ventricular ejection fraction (mean difference, 4.44%; 95% CI, 2.01%-6.87%). Other secondary outcomes were similar in both groups. Conclusions and Relevance In patients with STEMI, treatment with prehospital pulse-dose glucocorticoid did not reduce final infarct size after 3 months. However, the trial was likely underpowered as the final infarct size was smaller than anticipated. The glucocorticoid group had improved acute parameters compared with placebo. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05462730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Melissa Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nepper-Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Paulin Beske
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grove Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lia Evi Bang
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Helle Collatz Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Region Zealand Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Laura Rytoft
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ketina Arslani
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Holmvang
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frants Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Ahlehoff
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Jabbari
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Barfod
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Hougaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikko Minkkinen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans-Henrik Tilsted
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thomsen Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bottardi A, Prado GFA, Lunardi M, Fezzi S, Pesarini G, Tavella D, Scarsini R, Ribichini F. Clinical Updates in Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4600. [PMID: 39200741 PMCID: PMC11354290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant goals achieved in diagnosis and treatment in recent decades, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a high mortality entity and continues to pose substantial challenges to healthcare systems globally. After the latest guidelines, novel data have emerged and have not been yet considered for routine practice. The scope of this review is to go beyond the guidelines, providing insights into the most recent clinical updates in CAD, focusing on non-invasive diagnostic techniques, risk stratification, medical management and interventional therapies in the acute and stable scenarios. Highlighting and synthesizing the latest developments in these areas, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and management of CAD helping healthcare providers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bottardi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Guy F. A. Prado
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Lunardi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Fezzi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Gabriele Pesarini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Domenico Tavella
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Roberto Scarsini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Flavio Ribichini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
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Kupnovytska IH, Romanyshyn NM, Fitkovska IP, Gubina NV, Krasnopolsky SZ, Klymenko VI, Kalugina SM. Effect of ivabradine on structural and functional changes of myocardium and NT-proBNP levels in patients with stable coronary heart disease after coronary stenting. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:800-810. [PMID: 38865640 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202404128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To investigate the effect of ivabradine on the hemodynamics and contractility of the myocardium and the features of NT-pro-BNP production in patients with stable ischemic heart disease after endovascular revascularization of the myocardium depending on the number of affected coronary arteries during 12 months of therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: The object of the study was 120 patients with stable coronary artery disease: angina pectoris of functional class III with heart failure IIA FC III with preserved and moderately reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle, who underwent coronary artery stenting. The examined patients were randomized according to the number of affected coronary vessels and the method of treatment. RESULTS Results: Ivabradine in patients with stable ischemic heart disease after 12 months of therapy had a significant beneficial effect on the structural and functional parameters of the myocardium (contributed to the reverse remodeling of the left ventricle), which did not depend on the number of stented coronary arteries (p<0.05). In patients with stented one coronary artery, all structural and functional indicators of the heart after 12 months of treatment reached the values of practically healthy individuals from the control group. The use of ivabradine in patients with stable ischemic heart disease with heart failure with preserved and intermediate ejection fraction of the left ventricle after coronary stenting made it possible to ensure the correction of a number of clinical and pathogenetic links of the disease, which generally contributed to the improvement of metric and volumetric parameters of the heart. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Ivabradine made it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of standard therapy, which was manifested by a faster recovery of the geometry and contractility of the left ventricle. Therefore, the use of ivabradine along with standard therapy was appropriate for such a contingent of patients. The management of patients with stable coronary heart disease should combine adequate (surgical and pharmacological) treatment of the underlying disease, further individual medication correction of symptoms and circulatory disorders inherent in coronary heart disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iryna P Fitkovska
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | - Nataliia V Gubina
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
| | | | - Vira I Klymenko
- IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, IVANO-FRANKIVSK, UKRAINE
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Madsen JM, Obling LER, Rytoft L, Folke F, Hassager C, Andersen LB, Vejlstrup N, Bang LE, Engstrøm T, Lønborg JT. Pre-hospital pulse glucocorticoid therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial (PULSE-MI). Trials 2023; 24:808. [PMID: 38102687 PMCID: PMC10724922 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an important contributor to both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory properties with an acute effect and is used as an effective and safe treatment of a wide range of acute diseases. The trial aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of pulse-dose methylprednisolone administered in the pre-hospital setting in patients with STEMI transferred for primary PCI. METHODS This trial is a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled prospective clinical phase II trial. Inclusion will continue until 378 patients with STEMI have been evaluated for the primary endpoint. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to a bolus of 250 mg methylprednisolone intravenous or matching placebo over a period of 5 min in the pre-hospital setting. All patients with STEMI transferred for primary PCI at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, will be screened for eligibility. The main eligibility criteria are age ≥ 18 years, acute onset of chest pain with < 12 h duration, STEMI on electrocardiogram, no known allergy to glucocorticoids or no previous coronary artery bypass grafting, previous acute myocardial infarction in assumed culprit, or a history with previous maniac/psychotic episodes. Primary outcome is final infarct size measured by late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) 3 months after STEMI. Secondary outcomes comprise key CMR efficacy parameters, clinical endpoints at 3 months, the peak of cardiac biomarkers, and safety. DISCUSSION We hypothesize that pulse-dose methylprednisolone administrated in the pre-hospital setting decreases inflammation and thus reduces final infarct size in patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU-CT number: 2022-500762-10-00; Submitted May 5, 2022. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT05462730; Submitted July 7, 2022, first posted July 18, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Melissa Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Laura Rytoft
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lia Evi Bang
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Thomsen Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yasuda K, Ogita M, Tsuboi S, Nishio R, Takeuchi M, Sonoda T, Wada H, Suwa S, Miyauchi K, Daida H, Minamino T. Impact of Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs. Culprit Vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2023; 53:38-44. [PMID: 36890057 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical trials have shown that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for non-culprit lesions (NCLs) reduces the risk of adverse events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the effect on long-term outcomes remains unclear in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and a real-world clinical setting. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study of ACS patients who underwent primary PCI between April 2004 and December 2017 at Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan, was performed. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular disease death (CVD death) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) during the mean follow-up period of 2.7 years, and a landmark analysis for the incidence of the primary endpoint from 31 days to 5 years between the multivessel PCI group and the culprit only PCI group was performed. Multivessel PCI was defined as PCI including non-infarct-related coronary arteries within 30 days after the onset of ACS. RESULTS Of the 1109 ACS patients with multivessel coronary artery disease of the current cohort, multivessel PCI was performed in 364 (33.2 %) patients. The incidence of the primary endpoint from 31 days to 5 years was significantly lower in the multivessel PCI group (4.0 % vs. 9.6 %, log-rank p = 0.0008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that multivessel PCI was significantly associated with fewer cardiovascular events (HR 0.37, 95 % CI 0.19-0.67, p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION In ACS patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, multivessel PCI may reduce the risk of CVD death and non-fatal MI compared to culprit-lesion-only PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan.
| | - Shuta Tsuboi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryota Nishio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takeuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taketo Sonoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideki Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Satoru Suwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan
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Thomsen AF, Bertelsen L, Jøns C, Jabbari R, Lønborg J, Kyhl K, Göransson C, Nepper-Christensen L, Atharovski K, Ekström K, Tilsted HH, Pedersen F, Køber L, Engstrøm T, Vejlstrup N, Jacobsen PK. Scar border zone mass and presence of border zone channels assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are associated with ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Europace 2023; 25:978-988. [PMID: 36576342 PMCID: PMC10062367 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) permits characterization of left ventricular ischaemic scars. We aimed to evaluate if scar core mass, border zone (BZ) mass, and BZ channels are risk markers for subsequent ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS A sub-study of the DANish Acute Myocardial Infarction-3 multi-centre trial and Danegaptide phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial in which a total of 843 STEMI patients had a 3-month follow-up CMR. Of these, 21 patients subsequently experienced VA during 100 months of follow-up and were randomly matched 1:5 with 105 controls. A VA event was defined as: ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden cardiac death. Ischaemic scar characteristics were automatically detected by specialized software. We included 126 patients with a median left ventricular ejection fraction of 51.0 ± 11.6% in cases with VA vs. 55.5 ± 8.5% in controls (P = 0.10). Cases had a larger mean BZ mass and more often BZ channels compared to controls [BZ mass: 17.2 ± 10.3 g vs. 10.3 ± 6.0 g; P = 0.0002; BZ channels: 17 (80%) vs. 44 (42%); P = 0.001]. A combination of ≥17.2 g BZ mass and the presence of BZ channels was five times more prevalent in cases vs. controls (P ≤ 0.00001) with an odds ratio of 9.40 (95% confidence interval 3.26-27.13; P ≤ 0.0001) for VA. This identified cases with 52% sensitivity and 90% specificity. CONCLUSION(S) Scar characterization with CMR indicates that a combination of ≥17.2 g BZ mass and the presence of BZ channels had the strongest association with subsequent VA in STEMI patients. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV Unique identifier: NCT01435408 (DANAMI 3-iPOST and DANAMI 3-DEFER), NCT01960933 (DANAMI 3-PRIMULTI), and NCT01977755 (Danegaptide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Thomsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Litten Bertelsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Jøns
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Jabbari
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Göransson
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nepper-Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kiril Atharovski
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Ekström
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans-Henrik Tilsted
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frants Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Vejlstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Karl Jacobsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Incidence, Predictive Factors and Long-Term Clinical Impact of Left Ventricular Remodeling According to the Completeness of Revascularization in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216252. [PMID: 36362481 PMCID: PMC9656271 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified several factors related to left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and examined the impact of LVR on the prognosis of patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction and multivessel disease treated with complete (CR) or incomplete (IR) revascularization. LVR was defined as an LV end-diastolic diameter >55 mm. A total of 262 patients without LVR at presentation were followed up with echocardiography between 1 month and 1 year. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death (AD), MI, and heart failure (HF), referred to as a major adverse cardiovascular endpoint (MACE). Then, each variable was analyzed as a secondary outcome. Follow-up echocardiography identified 26 patients (9.9%) with LVR. LVR was associated with an initial LV ejection fraction <50%, Killip 3 disease at presentation, and a peak troponin I level >70 mg/dL. Survival analysis showed an association between LVR and adverse outcomes only in the IR group, in which the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was increased for the MACE (HR = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19−8.71, p = 0.002) and HF (HR = 21.37, 95% CI = 4.47−102.09, p< 0.001), but not for the CR group. In STEMI with MVD, LVR within the first year after percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with worse outcomes in the IR but not the CR group.
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Towashiraporn K. Current recommendations for revascularization of non-infarct-related artery in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:969060. [PMID: 36035910 PMCID: PMC9402999 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.969060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immediate reperfusion therapy of the infarct-related artery (IRA) is the mainstay of treatment, either via primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or thrombolytic therapy when PPCI is not feasible. Several studies have reported the incidence of multivessel disease (MVD) to be about 50% of total STEMI cases. This means that after successful PPCI of the IRA, residual lesion(s) of the non-IRA may persist. Unlike the atherosclerotic plaque of stable coronary artery disease, the residual obstructive lesion of the non-IRA contains a significantly higher prevalence of vulnerable plaques. Since these lesions are a strong predictor of acute coronary syndrome, if left untreated they are a possible cause of future adverse cardiovascular events. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the obstructive lesion of the non-IRA to achieve complete revascularization (CR) is therefore preferable. Several major randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses demonstrated the clinical benefits of the CR strategy in the setting of STEMI with MVD, not only for enhancing survival but also for reducing unplanned revascularization. The CR strategy is now supported by recently published clinical practice guidelines. Nevertheless, the benefit of revascularization must be weighed against the risks from additional procedures.
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Management of Culprit and Non-Culprit Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Multivessel coronary artery disease, defined by the presence of a significant stenosis (≥50% diameter) in two or more epicardial coronary vessels, usually occurs in more than 50% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The latest guidelines indicate revascularization of the non-culprit artery with a recommendation of class IIB. However, the management of non-culprit lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome is still a matter of debate. This article presents the most recent concepts related to the management of culprit and non-culprit coronary lesions, based on advanced imaging approaches, in order to identify high-risk patients and prevent further acute coronary syndromes.
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Ilardi F, Ferrone M, Avvedimento M, Servillo G, Gargiulo G. Complete Revascularization in Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Cardiol Clin 2020; 38:491-505. [PMID: 33036712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In patients with multivessel disease, complete revascularization (CR) is the most biologically plausible approach irrespective of definition or type or clinical setting (acute or chronic coronary syndrome [ACS or CCS]). It aims at minimizing residual ischemia, relieving symptoms and reducing the risk of future cardiovascular events. Large evidence supports CR benefits in ACS, predominantly ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, except cardiogenic shock, although optimal assessment and timing remain debated. In patients with CCS, when revascularization is indicated, a functional CR should be attempted. Therefore, heart-team is crucial in selecting the ideal strategy for each patient to optimize decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Via Orazio 2, Naples 80122, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Division of Invasive Cardiology, Clinica Montevergine, Via Mario Malzoni, 5, Mercogliano (Avellino) 83013, Italy
| | - Marisa Avvedimento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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11
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Shah R, Nayyar M, Le FK, Labroo A, Davis DA, Brilakis ES, Kandzari DE. Meta-Analysis of Optimal Revascularization Strategy for Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multi-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol 2020; 129:19-24. [PMID: 32540166 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical trials have shown that complete revascularization (CR) lowers the risks of revascularization and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease compared with infarct-related artery-only revascularization (IRA-OR). However, individual trials have been underpowered for hard outcomes such as cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis representing the largest sample size to date inclusive of contemporary studies comparing CR versus IRA-OR. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using random effects model. Data from 11 RCTs involving 7,343 patients showed that compared with IRA-OR, CR was associated with lower CV mortality (RR 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 0.99; p = 0.04), MI (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.93), and recurrent revascularization (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.54), but similar all-cause mortality (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.05). In conclusion, in patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, compared with IRA-OR, CR was associated with lower risk for CV mortality, MI, and recurrent revascularization, suggesting that CR should be the standard of care for STEMI patients.
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12
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Kwong RY, Chandrashekhar Y. What Is of Recent Interest in CMR: Insights From the JACC Family of Journals. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2865-2870. [PMID: 32498815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Kwong
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Y Chandrashekhar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota/VAMC Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Mitsis A, Spirito A, Valgimigli M. Complete revascularisation in STEMI: consider the benefits but do not forget the risks! ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S331. [PMID: 32016049 PMCID: PMC6976442 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsis
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Spirito
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Valgimigli
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Díez-Delhoyo F, Gutiérrez-Ibañes E, Fernández-Avilés F. Functional disorders in non-culprit coronary arteries and their implications in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 30:346-352. [PMID: 31547950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 30-50% of patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction have multivessel disease. The physiology of the non-culprit artery (NCA) is complex and represents a challenge to physicians as, while these plaques are presumably stable, clinical data show that they frequently lead to major adverse cardiovascular events. In addition the presence of microvascular and endothelial dysfunction may have prognostic implications and interfere with current physiological indices for stenosis severity assessment. In this review we aim to summarize current methods to study the microcirculation, discuss the evidence available regarding the endothelium and the microvascular compartment of the NCA; the best strategies to perform a complete revascularization based on proven ischemia; real limitations associated to hyperemic stenosis indices; and the potential role of novel resting-indices in this specific acute context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Díez-Delhoyo
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Ibañes
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Berry C, Collison D, Mangion K. Treating Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Why, How, and When? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:731-733. [PMID: 31000011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, United Kingdom.
| | - Damien Collison
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Mangion
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, United Kingdom
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