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Das S, Basu T, Majumdar S. Molecular interactions of acids and salts with polyampholytes. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054901. [PMID: 38299631 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hofmeister series characterizes the ability of salt anions to precipitate polyampholytes/proteins. However, the variation of protein size in the bulk solution of acids and the effect of salts on the same have not been studied well. In this article, the four acids (CH3COOH, HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl) and their effects on the hydrodynamic radius (RH) of gelatin in the bulk solution are investigated. The effects of Na salt with the same anions are also considered to draw a comparison between the interactions of acids and salts with polyampholytes. It is suggested that the interactions of polyampholytes with acids are different from those of salts. The interaction series of polyampholytes with acids with respect to the RH of the polyampholyte is CH3COO->NO3->Cl->SO42- whereas the interaction series with salts is SO42->CH3COO->Cl->NO3-. These different interactions are due to equilibration between acid dissociation and protonation of polyampholytes. Another important factor contributing to the interactions in weak acids is the fact that undissociated acid hinders the movement of dissociated acid. Experiments and simulations were performed to understand these interactions, and the results were identical in terms of the trend in RH (from the experiments) and the radius of gyration (Rg) (from the simulations). It is concluded that the valence of ions and dissociation affect the interaction in the case of acids. However, the interactions are influenced by the kosmotropic and chaotropic effect, hydration, and mobility in the case of salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Tithi Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
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Das S, Majumdar S. Enhancing the Properties of Self-Healing Gelatin Alginate Hydrogels by Hofmeister Mediated Electrostatic Effect. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300660. [PMID: 37903355 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The cross-linker-free hydrogels have gained attention due to their lack of need for chemically modified polymers, resulting in better biocompatibility. The hydrogel properties can be enhanced by altering physical forces such as electrostatics and H-bonds. Tuning the physical interactions between polymers, salts, and plasticisers can unlock new horizons in material properties. This article examines four different salts and mixtures to determine their impact on gelatin-alginate biomaterial design. Drug release, swelling, and rheological properties are represented using a 3-D plot, and optimum samples are identified. It is concluded that kosmotropes yield better release and swelling results than chaotropes. The physical interactions of these salts with polymers are explained using DLS and FTIR/ATR studies, and these findings are corroborated with release, swelling, and rheological analyses. Another aspect of the biomaterial, self-healing property, is also considered. A 3-D plot is prepared using release kinetics, gel strength, and recovery percentage (three important factors for self-healing hydrogels). Chaotropes are identified as better candidates for self-healing behaviour. However, when considering gel strength, release, and self-healing, kosmotropes are favourable. Hence, different salts can be selected based on the desired application for hydrogels. It is also concluded that electrostatic forces hinder the formation of H-bonds between polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saptarshi Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, Hyderabad, India
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Hofmeister series: An insight into its application on gelatin and alginate-based dual-drug biomaterial design. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Casimiro A, Lugger J, Lub J, Nijmeijer K. Non-globular organic ionic plastic crystal containing crown-ether moiety - Tuning its behaviour using sodium salts. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200258. [PMID: 35561265 PMCID: PMC9400962 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are a class of soft materials showing positional order while still allowing orientational freedom. Due to their motional freedom in the solid state, they possess plasticity, non‐flammability and high ionic conductivity. OIPC behavior is typically exhibited by ‘simple’ globular molecules allowing molecular rotation, whereas the interactions that govern the formation of OIPC phases in complex non‐globular molecules are less understood. To better understand these interactions, a new family of non‐globular OIPCs containing a 15‐crown‐5 ether moiety was synthetized and characterized. The 15C5BA molecule prepared does not exhibit the sought‐after behavior because of its non‐globular nature and strong intermolecular H‐bonds that restrict orientational motion. However, the OIPC behavior was successfully obtained through complexation of the crown‐ether moiety with sodium salts containing chaotropic anions. Those anions weaken the interactions between the molecules, allowing rotational freedom and tuning of the thermal and morphological properties of the OIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Casimiro
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Het Kranenveld 14, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS
| | - Jody Lugger
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, NETHERLANDS
| | - Johan Lub
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, NETHERLANDS
| | - Kitty Nijmeijer
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Membrane Materials and Processes, De Zaale, NETHERLANDS
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Carlton RJ, Ma CD, Gupta JK, Abbott NL. Influence of specific anions on the orientational ordering of thermotropic liquid crystals at aqueous interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:12796-12805. [PMID: 22866677 PMCID: PMC3448957 DOI: 10.1021/la3024293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report that specific anions (of sodium salts) added to aqueous phases at molar concentrations can trigger rapid, orientational ordering transitions in water-immiscible, thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs; e.g., nematic phase of 4'-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl, 5CB) contacting the aqueous phases. Anions classified as chaotropic, specifically iodide, perchlorate, and thiocyanate, cause 5CB to undergo continuous, concentration-dependent transitions from planar to homeotropic (perpendicular) orientations at LC-aqueous interfaces within 20 s of addition of the anions. In contrast, anions classified as relatively more kosmotropic in nature (fluoride, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, chloride, nitrate, bromide, and chlorate) do not perturb the LC orientation from that observed without added salts (i.e., planar orientation). Surface pressure-area isotherms of Langmuir films of 5CB supported on aqueous salt solutions reveal ion-specific effects ranking in a manner similar to the LC ordering transitions. Specifically, chaotropic salts stabilized monolayers of 5CB to higher surface pressures and areal densities (12.6 mN/m at 27 Å(2)/molecule for NaClO(4)) and thus smaller molecular tilt angles (30° from the surface normal for NaClO(4)) than kosmotropic salts (5.0 mN/m at 38 Å(2)/molecule with a corresponding tilt angle of 53° for NaCl). These results and others reported herein suggest that anion-specific interactions with 5CB monolayers lead to bulk LC ordering transitions. Support for the proposition that these ion-specific interactions involve the nitrile group was obtained by using a second LC with nitrile groups (E7; ion-specific effects similar to 5CB were observed) and a third LC with fluorine-substituted aromatic groups (TL205; weak dipole and no ion-specific effects were measured). Finally, we also establish that anion-induced orientational transitions in micrometer-thick LC films involve a change in the easy axis of the LC. Overall, these results provide new insights into ionic phenomena occurring at LC-aqueous interfaces, and reveal that the long-range ordering of LC oils can amplify ion-specific interactions at these interfaces into macroscopic ordering transitions.
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Lo Nostro P, Ninham BW. Hofmeister phenomena: an update on ion specificity in biology. Chem Rev 2012; 112:2286-322. [PMID: 22251403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200271j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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Perisic N, Afseth NK, Ofstad R, Kohler A. Monitoring protein structural changes and hydration in bovine meat tissue due to salt substitutes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10052-10061. [PMID: 21830764 DOI: 10.1021/jf201578b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of NaCl and two salt substitutes, MgSO4 and KCl, in different concentrations (1.5, 6.0, and 9.0%) on meat proteins by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Hydration properties and secondary structural properties of proteins were investigated by studying the amide I, amide II, and water regions (3500-3000 cm(-1)) in FTIR spectra. By applying multivariate analysis (PCA and PLSR), differences between samples according to salt concentration and salt type were found and correlated to spectral bands. The most distinctive differences related to salt type were obtained by using the water region. It was found that samples salted with MgSO4 exhibited hydration and subsequent denaturation of proteins at lower concentrations than those salted with NaCl. Samples salted with KCl brines showed less denaturation even at the 9.0% concentration. The FTIR results were further supported by water-binding capacity (WBC) measurements.
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Cao M, Wang Y, Ge X, Cao C, Wang J, Xu H, Xia D, Zhao X, Lu JR. Effects of Anions on Nanostructuring of Cationic Amphiphilic Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11862-71. [PMID: 21894997 DOI: 10.1021/jp205987w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiwen Cao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhai Cao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Xu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daohong Xia
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Kannappan R, Bucher C, Saint-Aman E, Moutet JC, Milet A, Oltean M, Métay E, Pellet-Rostaing S, Lemaire M, Chaix C. Viologen-based redox-switchable anion-binding receptors. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Efrat R, Shalev DE, Hoffman RE, Aserin A, Garti N. Effect of sodium diclofenac loads on mesophase components and structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7590-7595. [PMID: 18547072 DOI: 10.1021/la800603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of a model electrolytic drug on intermolecular interactions, conformational changes, and phase transitions in structured discontinuous cubic QL lyotropic liquid crystals. These changes were due to competition with hydration of the lipid headgroups. Structural changes of the phase induced by solubilization loads of sodium diclofenac (Na-DFC) were investigated by directly observing the water, ethanol, and Na-DFC components of the resulting phases using 2H and 23Na NMR. Na-DFC interacted with the surfactant glycerol monoolein (GMO) at the interface while interfering with the mesophase curvature and also competed with hydration of the surfactant headgroups. Increasing quantities of solubilized Na-DFC promoted phase transitions from cubic phase (discontinuous (QL) and bicontinuous (Q)) into lamellar structures and subsequently into a disordered lamellar phase. Quadrupolar coupling of deuterated ethanol by 2H NMR showed that it is located near the headgroups of the lipid and apparently is hydrogen bonded to the GMO headgroups. A phase transition between two lamellar phases (L alpha to L alpha*) was seen by 23Na NMR of Na-DFC at a concentration where the characteristics of the drug change from kosmotropic to chaotropic. These findings show that loads of solubilized drug may affect the structure of its vehicle and, as a result, its transport across skin-blood barriers. The structural changes of the mesophase may also aid controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Efrat
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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