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Quintero Quiroz J, Velazquez V, Torres JD, Ciro Gomez G, Delgado E, Rojas J. Effect of the Structural Modification of Plant Proteins as Microencapsulating Agents of Bioactive Compounds from Annatto Seeds ( Bixa orellana L.). Foods 2024; 13:2345. [PMID: 39123536 PMCID: PMC11312334 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This project studied the use of lentil protein (LP) and quinoa protein (QP) in their native and modified states as carrier material in the encapsulation process by the ionic gelation technique of annatto seed extract. Soy protein (SP) was used as a model of carrier material and encapsulated bioactive compounds, respectively. The plant proteins were modified by enzymatic hydrolysis, N acylation, and N-cationization to improve their encapsulating properties. Additionally, the secondary structure, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solubility as a function of pH, isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight (MW), the content of free thiol groups (SH), the absorption capacity of water (WHC) and fat (FAC), emulsifier activity (EAI), emulsifier stability (ESI), and gelation temperature (Tg) were assessed on proteins in native and modified states. The results obtained demonstrated that in a native state, LP (80.52% and 63.82%) showed higher encapsulation efficiency than QP (73.63% and 45.77%), both for the hydrophilic dye and for the annatto extract. Structural modifications on proteins improve some functional properties, such as solubility, WHC, FAC, EAI, and ESI. However, enzymatic hydrolysis on the proteins decreased the gels' formation, the annatto extract's encapsulated efficiency, and the hydrophilic dye by the ionic gelation method. On the other hand, the modifications of N-acylation and N-cationization increased but did not generate statistically significant differences (p-value > 0.05) in the encapsulation efficiency of both the annatto extract and the hydrophilic dye compared to those obtained with native proteins. This research contributes to understanding how plant proteins (LP and QP) can be modified to enhance their encapsulating and solubility properties. The better encapsulation of bioactive compounds (like annatto extract) can improve product self-life, potentially benefiting the development of functional ingredients for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Quintero Quiroz
- Faculty of Ciencias de la Nutrición y los Alimentos, CES University, Calle 10 # 22-04, Medellin 050018, Colombia
- Department of Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, University Campus, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.D.T.); (G.C.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Víctor Velazquez
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, NMSU Gerald Thomas Hall Room, 308 P.O. Box 30003 MSC 3470, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| | - Juan D. Torres
- Department of Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, University Campus, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.D.T.); (G.C.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Gelmy Ciro Gomez
- Department of Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, University Campus, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.D.T.); (G.C.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Efren Delgado
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, NMSU Gerald Thomas Hall Room, 308 P.O. Box 30003 MSC 3470, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| | - John Rojas
- Department of Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, University Campus, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.D.T.); (G.C.G.); (J.R.)
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Chanmontri M, Swilem AE, Mutch AL, Grøndahl L, Suwantong O. Physicochemical and in vitro biological evaluation of an injectable self-healing quaternized chitosan/oxidized pectin hydrogel for potential use as a wound dressing material. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124984. [PMID: 37244331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Injectable self-healing hydrogels are attractive materials for use as wound dressings. To prepare such hydrogels, the current study used quaternized chitosan (QCS) to improve the solubility and antibacterial activity and oxidized pectin (OPEC) to introduce aldehyde groups for Schiff's base reaction with the amine groups from QCS. Self-healing hydrogels were made by co-injection of polymer solutions at specific polymer concentrations and reagent ratios that optimized both Schiff's base reactions and ionic interactions. The optimal hydrogel displayed self-healing 30 min after cutting and continuous self-healing during continuous step strain analysis, rapid gelation (< 1 min), a storage modulus of 394 Pa, and hardness of 700 mN, and compressibility of 162 mN s. The adhesiveness of this hydrogel (133 Pa) was within a suitable range for application as a wound dressing. The extraction media from the hydrogel displayed no cytotoxicity to NCTC clone 929 cells and higher cell migration than the control. While the extraction media from the hydrogel was found not to have antibacterial properties, QCS was verified as having MIC50 of 0.04 mg/mL against both E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, this injectable self-healing QCS/OPEC hydrogel has the potential use as a biocompatible hydrogel material for wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueanchan Chanmontri
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmed E Swilem
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Alexandra L Mutch
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Orawan Suwantong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
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Silva JM, Reis RL, Mano JF. Biomimetic Extracellular Environment Based on Natural Origin Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4308-42. [PMID: 27435905 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of biomaterials is a well-known approach to enable an adequate biointerface between the implant and the surrounding tissue, dictating the initial acceptance or rejection of the implantable device. Since its discovery in early 1990s layer-by-layer (LbL) approaches have become a popular and attractive technique to functionalize the biomaterials surface and also engineering various types of objects such as capsules, hollow tubes, and freestanding membranes in a controllable and versatile manner. Such versatility enables the incorporation of different nanostructured building blocks, including natural biopolymers, which appear as promising biomimetic multilayered systems due to their similarity to human tissues. In this review, the potential of natural origin polymer-based multilayers is highlighted in hopes of a better understanding of the mechanisms behind its use as building blocks of LbL assembly. A deep overview on the recent progresses achieved in the design, fabrication, and applications of natural origin multilayered films is provided. Such films may lead to novel biomimetic approaches for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, implantable devices, cell-based biosensors, diagnostic systems, and basic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Silva
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Follmann HD, Naves AF, Martins AF, Félix O, Decher G, Muniz EC, Silva R. Advanced fibroblast proliferation inhibition for biocompatible coating by electrostatic layer-by-layer assemblies of heparin and chitosan derivatives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 474:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Maslakci NN, Danas FD, Oksuz AU. QCM-DNA biosensor based on plasma modified PT/TiO2nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1151651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Nohut Maslakci N, Akalin RB, Ulusoy S, Oksuz L, Uygun Oksuz A. Electrospun Fibers of Chemically Modified Chitosan for in Situ Investigation of the Effect on Biofilm Formation with Quartz Crystal Microbalance Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Nohut Maslakci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biology,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and §Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ramadan Bilgin Akalin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biology,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and §Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Ulusoy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biology,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and §Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Lutfi Oksuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biology,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and §Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uygun Oksuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biology,
Faculty of Arts and Science, and §Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
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Bioactivity of Chitosan Derivatives. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Nesterenko A, Alric I, Violleau F, Silvestre F, Durrieu V. The effect of vegetable protein modifications on the microencapsulation process. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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10
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Bioactivity of Chitosan Derivative. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_17-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Karewicz A, Bielska D, Loboda A, Gzyl-Malcher B, Bednar J, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J, Nowakowska M. Curcumin-containing liposomes stabilized by thin layers of chitosan derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:307-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Karewicz A, Zasada K, Bielska D, Douglas TEL, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Nowakowska M. Alginate-hydroxypropylcellulose hydrogel microbeads for alkaline phosphatase encapsulation. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:68-76. [PMID: 23834314 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.805841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using proteins as therapeutics agents. Unfortunately, they suffer from limited stability and bioavailability. We aimed to develop a new delivery system for proteins. ALP, a model protein, was successfully encapsulated in the physically cross-linked sodium alginate/hydroxypropylcellulose (ALG-HPC) hydrogel microparticles. The obtained objects had regular, spherical shape and a diameter of ∼4 µm, as confirmed by optical microscopy and SEM analysis. The properties of the obtained microbeads could be controlled by temperature and additional coating or crosslinking procedures. The slow, sustained release of ALP in its active form with no initial burst effect was observed for chitosan-coated microspheres at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. Activity of ALP released from ALG/HPC microspheres was confirmed by the occurance of effectively induced mineralization. SEM and AFM images revealed formation of the interpenetrated three-dimensional network of mineral, originating from the microbeads' surfaces. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed formation of hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3 , Poland
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Follmann HDM, Martins AF, Gerola AP, Burgo TAL, Nakamura CV, Rubira AF, Muniz EC. Antiadhesive and antibacterial multilayer films via layer-by-layer assembly of TMC/heparin complexes. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3711-22. [PMID: 22998803 DOI: 10.1021/bm3011962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC), an antibacterial agent, and heparin (HP), an antiadhesive biopolymer, were alternately deposited on modified polystyrene films, as substrates, to built antiadhesive and antibacterial multilayer films. The properties of the multilayer films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Kelvin force microscopy. In vitro studies of controlled release of HP were evaluated in simulated intestinal fluid and simulated gastric fluid. The initial adhesion test of E. coli on multilayer films surface showed effective antiadhesive properties. The in vitro antibacterial test indicated that the multilayer films of TMC/HP based on TMC80 can kill the E. coli bacteria. Therefore, antiadhesive and antibacterial multilayer films may have good potential for coatings and surface modification of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heveline D M Follmann
- Grupo de Materiais Poliméricos e Compósitos, GMPC, Departamento de Química, DBS Bloco B-08, Universidade Estadual de Maringá UEM, Av. Colombo 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Praxedes A, da Silva A, da Silva R, Lima R, Tonholo J, Ribeiro A, de Oliveira I. Effects of UV irradiation on the wettability of chitosan films containing dansyl derivatives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 376:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Graisuwan W, Wiarachai O, Ananthanawat C, Puthong S, Soogarun S, Kiatkamjornwong S, Hoven VP. Multilayer film assembled from charged derivatives of chitosan: Physical characteristics and biological responses. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 376:177-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Zuo H, Wu D, Fu R. Preparation of antibacterial poly(methyl methacrylate) by solution blending with water-insoluble antibacterial agent poly[(tert-buty1amino) ethyl methacrylate]. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Singhon R, Husson J, Knorr M, Euvrard M. Preparation of Silica-Supported Biosorbents for Copper(II) Removal. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.616133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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Becker B, Cooper MA. A survey of the 2006-2009 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:754-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Julkapli NM, Ahmad Z, Akil HM. Mechanical properties of 1,2,4,5-benzene tetra carboxylic chitosan-filled chitosan biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Pavinatto FJ, Caseli L, Oliveira ON. Chitosan in Nanostructured Thin Films. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1897-908. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felippe J. Pavinatto
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
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Chang JJ, Lin PJ, Lee YH, Yang MC, Chien CT. The effect of covalent immobilization of sialic acid on the removal of lipopolysaccharide and reactive oxygen species for polyethylene terephthalate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Aggarwal D, Matthew HW. Branched chitosans II: Effects of branching on degradation, protein adsorption and cell growth properties. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1575-81. [PMID: 19231304 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The demand for biodegradable implant materials has fueled interest in chitosan as a biomaterial. In previous work, branched chitosans were synthesized and structurally characterized. In this study the biological properties of branched chitosans were explored. Branched chitosans were synthesized by grafting low molecular weight chitosan chains (1.6, 16 and 80 kDa) to high molecular weight (600 kDa) linear chitosans via reductive amination. Films of the branched materials were evaluated with regard to: lysozyme-mediated degradation; protein adsorption; cell adhesion and proliferation. Branched chitosan with a 1.6 kDa branch length exhibited higher degradation rates than either linear or higher branch length materials. Branched chitosans also exhibited reduced adsorption of bovine serum albumin that was more pronounced with thicker films. Branched chitosans supported proliferation of rat endothelial cells, but growth rates were significantly lower than on linear chitosan. The results of this study demonstrate that control of many aspects of chitosan's physical and biological properties can be achieved by changes in molecular architecture.
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Sachdeva A, Cai S. Structural differences of proteins between solution state and solid state probed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:458-464. [PMID: 19366513 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787944316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic method combined with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling technique has been developed to analyze protein secondary structure in both solid and solution states. The method has been applied to analyze the protein structural differences between solution state and solid state. For alpha-helix dominant proteins, beta-sheet structures increase significantly in the solid state, with significant decrease in alpha-helical structures. For beta-sheet dominant proteins, beta-sheet structures increase only moderately in the solid state. When proteins are re-dissolved in solution, their structures are re-natured to their native structures, as suggested by the fact that their structures in solution state are similar to those determined by X-ray crystallography or other spectroscopic methods in solution state. The ATR sampling technique avoids the high pressure and chemicals that are needed for the conventional potassium bromide (KBr) disc method for solid samples in FT-IR spectroscopy. Our approach from this study demonstrated that ATR sampling is more appropriate for analysis of protein structures in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA
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CUI L, JIANG X, WANG H, MAO P, SANG L. SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROSTATIC SELF-ASSEMBLY OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE POLY[ETHYLENE- alt- R- N-(1-PHENYLETHL)MALEAMIC ACID]. ACTA POLYM SIN 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2009.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang A, Xiang J, Sun L, Hu S, Li P, Shi J, Fu P, Su S. Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Modified Chitosan Sorbents for Elemental Mercury Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie9000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lushi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Song Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, and School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wang L, Gan X. Antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for electrochemical immunoassay of α-1-fetoprotein in human serum. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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