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McMillin RE, Nowaczyk J, Centofanti K, Bragg J, Tansi BM, Remias JE, Ferri JK. Effect of small molecule surfactant structure on the stability of water-in-lubricating oil emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:825-835. [PMID: 37619261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
During automotive engine operation, water may contaminate engine oil, inhibiting its role in maintaining safe engine operation. In many cases, engine oil must be capable of emulsifying any water contamination to avoid such problems. This study focuses on the impact of small molecule surfactant concentration structure and concentration in emulsions comprised of engine oil, water, and E85 fuel to understand the effects on emulsion stability and formulation optimization. Three small molecule surfacatants were tested; glycerol dioleate (GDO), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), and oleamide (OA). Three characterization methods were used to investigate their effects; the current state of the art, ASTM D7563, microscopy, and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). We found that DWS could yield insights into mechanisms of emulsion stability that are otherwise inaccessible through other experimental techniques. Specifically, utilizing DWS, we are able to extract specific emulsion stability mechanisms associated directly with molecular features for the three surfactants examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E McMillin
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Jordan Nowaczyk
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Katie Centofanti
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | - Jessica Bragg
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
| | | | | | - James K Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
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Thin film breakage in oil–in–water emulsions, a multidisciplinary study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fainerman VB, Aksenenko EV, Makievski AV, Nikolenko MV, Javadi A, Schneck E, Miller R. Particular Behavior of Surface Tension at the Interface between Aqueous Solution of Surfactant and Alkane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15214-15220. [PMID: 31630519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A two-component interfacial layer model was employed to describe the experimental results obtained for various surfactants. In contrast to the previous works, here it is shown that the adsorption activity of alkane depends on its interaction with the adsorbed surfactant and is proportional to the surface coverage by this surfactant. Also, it is assumed that this increase of the adsorption activity parameter is limited by some maximum value. This model provides a good description of the influence of hexane and dodecane, which results in the decrease of surface tension by 2-5 mN/m at very low surfactant concentrations. The adsorbed amounts of the surfactant and alkane molecules in this low surfactant concentration range have been calculated. The reorientation model of surfactant adsorption predicts a smaller number of alkane molecules per one surfactant molecule than that which follows from the Frumkin model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene V Aksenenko
- Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Chemistry of Water , Kyiv (Kiev) 03680 , Ukraine
| | | | - Mykola V Nikolenko
- Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology , Dnipro 49000 , Ukraine
| | - Aliyar Javadi
- Chemical Engineering Department , University of Tehran , Tehran 1417466191 , Iran
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt , Darmstadt 64289 , Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Reinhard Miller
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
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4
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Direct Determination of the Distribution Coefficient of Tridecyl Dimethyl Phosphine Oxide between Water and Hexane. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids2030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drop profile analysis tensiometry is applied to determine the distribution coefficient of a nonionic surfactant for a water/hexane system. The basic idea is to measure the interfacial tension isotherm in two configurations: a hexane drop immersed in the surfactant aqueous solutions at different bulk concentrations, and a water drop immersed into a hexane solution of the same surfactant. Both types of experiments lead to an isotherm for the equilibrium interfacial tensions with the same slope but with a concentration shift between them. This shift refers exactly to the value of the distribution coefficient.
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Rahn-Chique K, Urbina-Villalba G. Dependence of emulsion stability on particle size: Relative importance of drop concentration and destabilization rate on the half lifetimes of O/W nanoemulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1149715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Rahn-Chique
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de la Física (CEIF), Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Coloides, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - German Urbina-Villalba
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de la Física (CEIF), Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Coloides, Caracas, Venezuela
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Model molecules mimicking asphaltenes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 218:1-16. [PMID: 25638443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asphalthenes are typically defined as the fraction of petroleum insoluble in n-alkanes (typically heptane, but also hexane or pentane) but soluble in toluene. This fraction causes problems of emulsion formation and deposition/precipitation during crude oil production, processing and transport. From the definition it follows that asphaltenes are not a homogeneous fraction but is composed of molecules polydisperse in molecular weight, structure and functionalities. Their complexity makes the understanding of their properties difficult. Proper model molecules with well-defined structures which can resemble the properties of real asphaltenes can help to improve this understanding. Over the last ten years different research groups have proposed different asphaltene model molecules and studied them to determine how well they can mimic the properties of asphaltenes and determine the mechanisms behind the properties of asphaltenes. This article reviews the properties of the different classes of model compounds proposed and present their properties by comparison with fractionated asphaltenes. After presenting the interest of developing model asphaltenes, the composition and properties of asphaltenes are presented, followed by the presentation of approaches and accomplishments of different schools working on asphaltene model compounds. The presentation of bulk and interfacial properties of perylene-based model asphaltene compounds developed by Sjöblom et al. is the subject of the next part. Finally the emulsion-stabilization properties of fractionated asphaltenes and model asphaltene compounds is presented and discussed.
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Kovalchuk K, Riccardi E, Grimes BA. Multiscale Modeling of Mass Transfer and Adsorption in Liquid–Liquid Dispersions. 2. Application to Calcium Naphthenate Precipitation in Oils Containing Mono- and Tetracarboxylic Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501296t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kovalchuk
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - E. Riccardi
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - B. A. Grimes
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 4, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Teklebrhan RB, Ge L, Bhattacharjee S, Xu Z, Sjöblom J. Initial Partition and Aggregation of Uncharged Polyaromatic Molecules at the Oil–Water Interface: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1040-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407363p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenghe Xu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Resource, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Johan Sjöblom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ugelstad
Laboratory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Nanoemulsion stability: experimental evaluation of the flocculation rate from turbidity measurements. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 178:1-20. [PMID: 22657245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The coalescence of liquid drops induces a higher level of complexity compared to the classical studies about the aggregation of solid spheres. Yet, it is commonly believed that most findings on solid dispersions are directly applicable to liquid mixtures. Here, the state of the art in the evaluation of the flocculation rate of these two systems is reviewed. Special emphasis is made on the differences between suspensions and emulsions. In the case of suspensions, the stability ratio is commonly evaluated from the initial slope of the absorbance as a function of time under diffusive and reactive conditions. Puertas and de las Nieves (1997) developed a theoretical approach that allows the determination of the flocculation rate from the variation of the turbidity of a sample as a function of time. Here, suitable modifications of the experimental procedure and the referred theoretical approach are implemented in order to calculate the values of the stability ratio and the flocculation rate corresponding to a dodecane-in-water nanoemulsion stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Four analytical expressions of the turbidity are tested, basically differing in the optical cross section of the aggregates formed. The first two models consider the processes of: a) aggregation (as described by Smoluchowski) and b) the instantaneous coalescence upon flocculation. The other two models account for the simultaneous occurrence of flocculation and coalescence. The latter reproduce the temporal variation of the turbidity in all cases studied (380≤[NaCl]≤600 mM), providing a method of appraisal of the flocculation rate in nanoemulsions.
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Grimes BA, Dorao CA, Opedal NVDT, Kralova I, Sørland GH, Sjöblom J. Population Balance Model for Batch Gravity Separation of Crude Oil and Water Emulsions. Part II: Comparison to Experimental Crude Oil Separation Data. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.574950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Grimes BA. Population Balance Model for Batch Gravity Separation of Crude Oil and Water Emulsions. Part I: Model Formulation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.574946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kralova I, Sjöblom J, Øye G, Simon S, Grimes BA, Paso K. Heavy crude oils/particle stabilized emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 169:106-27. [PMID: 22047991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluid characterization is a key technology for success in process design for crude oil mixtures in the future offshore. In the present article modern methods have been developed and optimized for crude oil applications. The focus is on destabilization processes in w/o emulsions, such as creaming/sedimentation and flocculation/coalescence. In our work, the separation technology was based on improvement of current devices to promote coalescence of the emulsified systems. Stabilizing properties based on particles was given special attention. A variety of particles like silica nanoparticles (AEROSIL®), asphalthenes, wax (paraffin) were used. The behavior of these particles and corresponding emulsion systems was determined by use of modern analytical equipment, such as SARA fractionation, NIR, electro-coalescers (determine critical electric field), Langmuir technique, pedant drop technique, TG-QCM, AFM.
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Hasinovic H, Friberg SE. Destabilization mechanisms in a triple emulsion with Janus drops. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:581-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hasinovic H, Friberg SE. One-step inversion process to a Janus emulsion with two mutually insoluble oils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6584-8. [PMID: 21534548 DOI: 10.1021/la105118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High internal phase ratio (HIPR) aqueous Janus emulsions of two immiscible oils, silicone oil (SO) and a vegetable oil (VO), were prepared using a vibration mixer. The simple HIPR Janus emulsions, (VO + SO)/W, were found at weight fractions of the aqueous phase in excess of 0.3, while at a corresponding fraction of 0.1, a triple emulsion was obtained with the Janus emulsion forming a drop inside the vegetable oil to give a double Janus emulsion, (VO + SO)/W/VO, which in turn formed drops in the silicone oil resulting in a triple Janus emulsion (VO + SO)/W/VO/SO. Increasing the aqueous-phase fraction from 0.1 to 0.3 consequently meant an inversion, of which one intermediate stage was observed: a more complex configuration, e.g., one in which large SO drops with highly distorted VO drops attached were dispersed in a regular aqueous emulsion with spherical Janus (VO + SO) drops. A preliminary investigation was made into the destabilization process of the triple emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hida Hasinovic
- Ashland Consumer Markets, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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