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Chaijan M, Panpipat W, Cheong LZ. Chemical Indices and Kinetic Evaluation of β-Sitosteryl Oleate Oxidation in a Model System of Bulk Oil. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227833. [PMID: 36431934 PMCID: PMC9697817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about the safety and tolerability of phytosterol esters due to their vulnerability to oxidation. Herein, oxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid-phytosterol ester, namely β-sitosteryl oleate, was observed in comparison to native β-sitosterol after accelerated storage at 65 °C for 35 days in a bulk oil model system. Depending on the sterol structure, various chemical indices of lipid oxidation, including hydroperoxide value (HPV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), p-anisidine value (AnV), and 7-keto derivatives, changed at varying rates in both samples. Such indicators for β-sitosteryl oleate appeared to be obtained at higher concentrations than those for β-sitosterol. The first order kinetic was used to describe the losses of β-sitosteryl oleate and β-sitosterol in bulk oil. It was discovered that the β-sitosteryl oleate (k = 0.0202 day-1) underwent oxidative alteration more rapidly than β-sitosterol (k = 0.0099 day-1). Results indicated that physical structure was the principal factor in the determination of storage stability of phytosterol and its ester. Research on antioxidants and storage techniques can be expanded in order to reduce the oxidative loss of phytosterol esters during storage and improve the safety and tolerability of phytosterol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-7567-2319; Fax: +66-7567-2302
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Chinarak K, Panpipat W, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Cheong LZ, Chaijan M. A Novel Strategy for the Production of Edible Insects: Effect of Dietary Perilla Seed Supplementation on Nutritional Composition, Growth Performance, Lipid Metabolism, and Δ6 Desaturase Gene Expression of Sago Palm Weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) Larvae. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142036. [PMID: 35885278 PMCID: PMC9318320 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional value, growth performance, and lipid metabolism of sago palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, SPWL) raised on plant-based diets (soybean, rice bran, and ground sago palm trunk (GSPT)), supplemented with various concentrations (0, 3, 7, 15, and 20%) of perilla seed (PS) were compared with traditional diets i.e., regular GSPT (control) and GSPT supplemented with pig feed. All supplemented diets rendered SPWL with higher lipid and protein contents (p < 0.05). Supplementing with 7−20% PS enhanced α-linoleic acid content in SPWL, resulting in a decrease in the n-6:n-3 ratio to a desirable level. Dietary PS supplementation increased Δ9 (18), total Δ9 and Δ5 + Δ6 desaturase indexes, fatty acid (FA) unsaturation, and the polyunsaturated FA:saturated FA ratio in SPWL, while lowering atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index, and Δ6 desaturase (fads2) gene expression. Boosting with 7% PS improved the majority of growth parameters and enhanced essential amino acid and mineral contents (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Chinarak
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (K.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (K.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-7567-2319; Fax: +66-7567-2302
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (A.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Natthaporn Phonsatta
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; (A.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (K.C.); (M.C.)
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Gan C, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Shi T, He WS, Jia C. A novel phytosterols delivery system based on sodium caseinate-pectin soluble complexes: Improving stability and bioaccessibility. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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HOU L, SUN X, PAN L, WANG H, GU K. Studies on phytosterol acetate esters and phytosterols liposomes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen HOU
- Henan University of Technology, China
| | - Xiangyang SUN
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, China
| | - Li PAN
- Henan University of Technology, China
| | | | - Keren GU
- Henan University of Technology, China
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Phase Behavior and Polymorphism of Saturated and Unsaturated Phytosterol Esters. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235727. [PMID: 33291641 PMCID: PMC7729458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how the physicochemical characteristics of phytosterol esters are influenced by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid ester moiety. Saturated and unsaturated phytosterol esters (PEs) were synthesized by the esterification of different types of fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, lauric, oleic, and linoleic acid) to β-sitosterol. The non-isothermal crystallization and melting behavior of the pure PEs were analyzed. It was proven by X-ray diffraction that saturated β-sitosteryl esters and β-sitosteryl oleate formed a bilayer crystal structure. The lamellar spacings of the bilayer structure decreased with decreasing fatty acid chain length and with an increasing degree in unsaturation. The degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid chain of the β-sitosteryl esters also influenced the type of subcell packing of the fatty acid moieties in the bilayer structure, whether or not a metastable or stable liquid crystalline phase was formed during cooling. Furthermore, it was found that the melting temperature and enthalpy of the β-sitosteryl esters increased with an increasing fatty acid chain length while they decreased with an increasing degree of unsaturation. The microscopic analyses demonstrated that β-sitosteryl oleate formed much smaller spherulites than their saturated β-sitosteryl analogues.
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Chaijan M, Panpipat W. Instability of β-sitosteryl oleate and β-sitosterol loaded in oil-in-water emulsion. NFS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Chan Y, Ng SW, Chellappan DK, Madheswaran T, Zeeshan F, Kumar P, Pillay V, Gupta G, Wadhwa R, Mehta M, Wark P, Hsu A, Hansbro NG, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Panneerselvam J. Celastrol-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory intervention for the treatment of asthma. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1765350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sin Wi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farrukh Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Australia
| | - Peter Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alan Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Basic composition, antioxidant activity and nanoemulsion behavior of oil from mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla nepa). FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Stability and characterization of O/W free phytosterols nanoemulsions formulated with an enzymatically modified emulsifier. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liao PC, Lai MH, Hsu KP, Kuo YH, Chen J, Tsai MC, Li CX, Yin XJ, Jeyashoke N, Chao LKP. Identification of β-Sitosterol as in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Constituent in Moringa oleifera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10748-10759. [PMID: 30280897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Sitosterol is a well known phytosterol in plants, but owing to its poor solubility in typical media, determining its cellular mechanisms has been proven to be difficult. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of β-sitosterol (BSS) isolated from Moringa oleifera in two cell lines. Over a dose range of 7.5 to 30 μM, BSS dispersed well in the medium as nanoparticles with diameters of 50 ± 5 nm and suppressed the secretion of inflammatory factors from keratinocytes and macrophages induced by PGN, TNF-α, or LPS, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and ROS, separately. In addition, BSS significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, a key component of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and inhibited the activation of caspase-1. There was partial inhibition of NF-κB in macrophages. This is the first study to report an increase in the solubility of nearly water-insoluble phytosterols via the formation of nanoparticles and to delineate the formulation's capacity to inhibit the signal transduction pathways of inflammation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Cosmeceutics , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hoang Lai
- Department of Nursing , Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management , Sindian District, New Taipei City 23143 , Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ping Hsu
- Division of Wood Cellulose , Taiwan Forestry Research Institute , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Tsai
- Advanced Packaging Technology Department , Winbond Electronics , Taichung 42881 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Xiang Li
- Advanced Materials Technology Centre , Singapore Polytechnic , 500 Dover Road , 139651 , Singapore
| | - Xi-Jiang Yin
- Advanced Materials Technology Centre , Singapore Polytechnic , 500 Dover Road , 139651 , Singapore
| | - Narumon Jeyashoke
- School of Bioresources and Technology , King Mongkut'sUniversity of Technology Thonburi , Bangkok 10150 , Thailand
| | - Louis Kuo-Ping Chao
- Department of Cosmeceutics , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
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Panpipat W, Chaijan M, Guo Z. Oxidative stability of margarine enriched with different structures of β -sitosteryl esters during storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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14
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Mapping the structure-activity relationship of β-sitosteryl fatty acid esters in condensing phospholipid monolayers. Front Chem Sci Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Otoni CG, Avena-Bustillos RJ, Olsen CW, Bilbao-Sáinz C, McHugh TH. Mechanical and water barrier properties of isolated soy protein composite edible films as affected by carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde micro and nanoemulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Gleize B, Nowicki M, Daval C, Koutnikova H, Borel P. Form of phytosterols and food matrix in which they are incorporated modulate their incorporation into mixed micelles and impact cholesterol micellarization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:749-59. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Gleize
- INRA, UMR 1260 «Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis»; Marseille France
- INSERM; UMR 1062 Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | - Marion Nowicki
- INRA, UMR 1260 «Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis»; Marseille France
- INSERM; UMR 1062 Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- INRA, UMR 1260 «Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis»; Marseille France
- INSERM; UMR 1062 Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille University; Marseille France
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