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Hu H, Wu Y, Gong X. Organosilicon-Based Carbon Dots and Their Versatile Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305933. [PMID: 37661362 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a newly discovered type of fluorescent material that has gained significant attention due to their exceptional optical properties, biocompatibility, and other remarkable characteristics. However, single CDs have some drawbacks such as self-quenching, low quantum yield (QY), and poor stability. To address these issues, researchers have turned to organosilicon, which is known for its green, economical, and abundant properties. Organosilicon is widely used in various fields including optics, electronics, and biology. By utilizing organosilicon as a synthetic precursor, the biocompatibility, QY, and resistance to self-quenching of CDs can be improved. Meanwhile, the combination of organosilicon with CDs enables the functionalization of CDs, which significantly expands their original application scenarios. This paper comprehensively analyzes organosilicon in two main categories: precursors for CD synthesis and matrix materials for compounding with CDs. The role of organosilicon in these categories is thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the paper presents various applications of organosilicon compounded CDs, including detection and sensing, anti-counterfeiting, optoelectronic applications, and biological applications. Finally, the paper briefly discusses current development challenges and future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Krishnapriya TK, Prasanth S, Deepti A, Baby Chakrapani PS, Asha AS, Jayaraj MK. Ultrafast detection of folic acid in nanomolar levels and cancer cell imaging using hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Energy-efficient Preparation of Amino and Sulfhydryl Functionalized Biomass Carbon Dots via a Reverse Microemulsion for Specific Recognition of Fe 3+ and L-cysteine. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:1111-1123. [PMID: 36580202 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino- and sulfhydryl- functionalized biomass carbon dots (BCDs) were prepared by one-pot reverse microemulsion for specific recognition of ferric ions (Fe3+) and L-cysteine (L-Cys). Green grapefruit peel was used as the carbon source while aminosilane and mercaptosilane were used as N- and S-supplier. Following the adsorption of Fe3+ on the surfaces of BCDs-NH2 and BCDs-SH, the fluorescence responses was quenched step by step, while adding L-Cys to the BCDs-NH2/Fe3+ system restored the fluorescence. The BCDs-NH2 and BCDs-SH system exhibited extremely low limits of detection for Fe3+ of 3.2 and 3.0 nM, respectively, within a wide linear ranges of 0.006-200 μM and 0.004-200 μM, respectively. The BCDs-NH2/Fe3+ systems were used as an optosensor for L-Cys in the concentration ranges of 0.08-30 and 30-1000 μM with a detection limit of 65 nM. Developed BCDs-NH2 and BCDs-SH were able to respond to Fe3+ in water samples with satisfactory recoveries of 100.1%-103.1% and 94.6%-108.5%, respectively, and the BCDs-NH2/Fe3+ system was also able to respond to BCDs-NH2/Fe3+ in actual lake water samples with recoveries from 87.3% to 98.8%. Meanwhile, The BCDs-NH2 exhibited good photoluminescence and stability, and the with a fluorescence quantum yield was as high as 25%. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using such materials to remove hazardous ions from water and employing the resulting complexes for optosensing in a sustainable manner.
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Carbon Quantum Dots from Pomelo Peel as Fluorescence Probes for “Turn-Off–On” High-Sensitivity Detection of Fe3+ and L-Cysteine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134099. [PMID: 35807347 PMCID: PMC9268387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study designed a “turn-off–on” fluorescence analysis method based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to detect metal ions and amino acids in real sample systems. CQDs were derived from green pomelo peel via a one-step hydrothermal process. The co-doped CQDs with N and S atoms imparted excellent optical properties (quantum yield = 17.31%). The prepared CQDs could be used as fluorescent “turn-off” probes to detect Fe3+ with a limit of detection of 0.086 µM, a linear detection range of 0.1–160 µM, and recovery of 83.47–106.53% in water samples. The quenched CQD fluorescence could be turned on after adding L-cysteine (L-Cys), which allowed detection of L-Cys with a detection limit of 0.34 µM and linear range of 0.4–85 µM. Recovery of L-Cys in amino acid beverage was 87.08–122.74%. Visual paper-based testing strips and cellulose/CQDs composite hydrogels could be also used to detect Fe3+ and L-Cys.
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Cao W, Wu Y, Li X, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Sun Z. One-pot synthesis of double silane-functionalized carbon dots with tunable emission and excellent coating properties for WLEDs application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:115703. [PMID: 34874317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silane-functionalized carbon dots (SiCDs) can be exploited as effective color converting materials for the solid-state light-emitting devices. However, most of SiCDs reported thus far have shown photoluminescence emissions in the blue and green spectral range, which limit them to construct an efficient white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) due to the lack of long-wavelength emission. Herein, a series of double silane-functionalized carbon dots (DSiCDs) were prepared via a one-step solvothermal method. The results show that the organic functional group of the silane has great influence on the optical properties of DSiCDs and the number of alkoxy group in the silane has great influence on coating properties of DSiCDs. In addition, the DSiCDs prepared by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine with molar ratio of 7:3 show excellent optical properties with the maximum emission at 608 nm under 570 nm excitation. Furthermore, they can be completely cured within 1 h at room temperature to form fluorescent coating with high stability and strong adhesion to the substrate. Together with their excellent optical and coating properties, they can be directly coated on LED chips to prepare WLEDs, with a CIE coordinate of (0.33,0.31), color rendering index of 81.6, and color temperature of 5774 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Cao
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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Yan X, Rahman S, Rostami M, Tabasi ZA, Khan F, Alodhayb A, Zhang Y. Carbon Quantum Dot-Incorporated Chitosan Hydrogel for Selective Sensing of Hg 2+ Ions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Density Functional Theory Calculation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23504-23514. [PMID: 34549147 PMCID: PMC8444287 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A carbon quantum dot-based chitosan hydrogel was prepared in this work as a fluorescence sensor for the selective sensing of Hg2+ ions. Among the eight tested metal ions, the prepared hydrogel exhibited remarkable sensing selectivity and sensitivity toward Hg2+. The results demonstrated that a prominent fluorescence quenching at 450 nm was observed in the presence of Hg2+ with a linear response range of 0-100.0 nM and an estimated limit of detection of 9.07 nM. The as-prepared hydrogel demonstrates pH-dependent fluorescence intensity and sensitivity. The highest fluorescence intensity and sensitivity were obtained under pH 5.0. The excellent sensing selectivity could be attributed to a strong interaction between the hydrogel film and Hg2+ ions to form complexes, which provokes an effective electron transfer for fluorescence quenching. Results from density functional theory (DFT) calculation confirm that the interaction energies (ΔIE) of the hydrogel with three toxic metal ions (Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) are in the following order: Hg2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Yan
- Department
of Process Engineering, Memorial University
of Newfoundland, St. John’s A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s A1B
3X7, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Rostami
- Department
of Process Engineering, Memorial University
of Newfoundland, St. John’s A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Zahra A. Tabasi
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s A1B
3X7, Canada
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department
of Process Engineering, Memorial University
of Newfoundland, St. John’s A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department
of Process Engineering, Memorial University
of Newfoundland, St. John’s A1B 3X5, Canada
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Zhang K, Shi Y, Jia Y, Li P, Zhang X, Feng X, Zhu L, Sun Y, Hu W, Zhao G. Tunable dual fluorescence emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields modulated by Na ion dispersion method for purely solid state N-doped carbon dots. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li C, Zhang J, Jiang H, Wang X, Liu J. Orthogonal Adsorption of Carbon Dots and DNA on Nanoceria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2474-2481. [PMID: 32069412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are highly fluorescent nanomaterials with surface carboxyl and amino groups. However, their exact structure remains under debate. In this work, we probed the surface properties of CDs by physically adsorbing them onto various nanomaterials. Three types of nanomaterials, including CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria), gold nanoparticles, and graphene oxide were tested. Among them, nanoceria strongly adsorbed the CDs and quenched their fluorescence. For the tested anions to compete with the CDs for adsorption, only phosphate and F- induced desorption of the CDs from nanoceria, and the phosphate-induced desorption was less compared to that by F-. This was opposite to the desorption of DNA from nanoceria, where phosphate induced more DNA desorption. Furthermore, using calcein and fluorescein as representative dyes for comparison, we conclude that the CDs might use their carboxyl groups to adsorb on nanoceria, while DNA uses its phosphate backbone for adsorption. This difference may explain their occupying different surface sites on nanoceria and different displacement by phosphate and F-. Using nanomaterials as probes to understand the surface properties of CDs is effective, and such understanding might in turn be used for building hybrid materials for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Raji K, Vadivel R, Thiyagarajan SK, Ramamurthy P. Environmentally benign, facile and selective recovery of gold from aqueous media: synergic role of carbon dots as green reductant and sensor towards Au 3+ ions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39689-39698. [PMID: 35541413 PMCID: PMC9076208 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08050c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon dots (PL CDs) have drawn tremendous attention from researchers owing to their admirable properties and wide range of applications. Herein, highly PL nitrogen and sulfur doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were synthesized through a facile, green and rapid one-step microwave assisted method using goat hooves, a bio-waste and a green precursor. The structural and photophysical properties of as obtained N,S-CDs were thoroughly investigated. From the investigation, it is revealed that the N,S-CDs possess a spherical morphology with an average particle size of about 2 nm, highly amorphous nature, high functionality, negative zeta potential (-32 mV), good water-solubility, excitation dependant PL, high PL quantum yield (23.8%), nanosecond lifetime (τ avg = 3.38 ns) and excellent storage stability for 180 days without any agglomeration. In addition, the N,S-CDs exhibit high PL stability under diverse pH conditions, wide ionic strength and resistance towards photobleaching, which are very important properties for practical applications. The N,S-CDs selectively sense Au3+ ions and also reduce the Au3+ ions to metallic gold. Hence, the N,S-CDs were successfully applied as a potential candidate for sensing of Au3+ and simultaneous extraction of metallic gold in aqueous media without any further reducing agents. It is a significant green way for the recovery of gold in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasan Raji
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University of Madras Taramani Campus Chennai - 600113 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ramanan Vadivel
- Forensic Sciences Department, Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai - 600004 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Senthil Kumar Thiyagarajan
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University of Madras Taramani Campus Chennai - 600113 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Perumal Ramamurthy
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University of Madras Taramani Campus Chennai - 600113 Tamil Nadu India
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Abstract
Carbon and graphene quantum dots (CQDs and GQDs), known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing and bioimaging. Their unique electronic, fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, and electrochemiluminescent properties are what gives them potential in sensing. In this Review, we summarize the basic knowledge on CQDs and GQDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into CQDs- and GQD-based nanomaterials in sensing. With regard to the latter, the authors suggest that with the potential of these nanomaterials in sensing more research is needed on understanding their optical properties and why the synthetic methods influence their properties so much, into methods of surface functionalization that provide greater selectivity in sensing and into new sensing concepts that utilize the virtues of these nanomaterials to give us new or better sensors that could not be achieved in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Wang Y, He J, Zheng M, Qin M, Wei W. Dual-emission of Eu based metal-organic frameworks hybrids with carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent detection of Cr(VI). Talanta 2019; 191:519-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Molaei MJ. A review on nanostructured carbon quantum dots and their applications in biotechnology, sensors, and chemiluminescence. Talanta 2018; 196:456-478. [PMID: 30683392 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a member of carbon nanostructures family which have received increasing attention for their photoluminescence (PL), physical and chemical stability and low toxicity. The classical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor particles that are able to emit fluorescence by excitation. The CQDs is mainly referred to photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles less than 10 nm, with surface modification or functionalization. Contrary to other carbon nanostructures, CQDs can be synthesized and functionalized fast and easily. The fluorescence origin of the CQDs is a controversial issue which depends on carbon source, experimental conditions, and functional groups. However, PL emissions originated from conjugated π-domains and surface defects have been proposed for the PL emission mechanisms of the CQDs. These nanostructures have been used as nontoxic alternatives to the classical heavy metals containing semiconductor QDs in some applications such as in-vivo and in-vitro bio-imaging, drug delivery, photosensors, chemiluminescence (CL), and etc. This paper will introduce CQDs, their structure, and PL characteristics. Recent advances of the application of CQDs in biotechnology, sensors, and CL is comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Molaei
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran.
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Shahamirifard SA, Ghaedi M. Design and construction of a new optical solid-state mercury(ii) sensor based on PVC membrane sensitized with colloidal carbon dots. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02421e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Hg2+ ion solid-state double layer sensor impregnated with colloidal carbon dots and N′-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (NDPAI, as a second layer) was inserted in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the first layer.
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Ye Q, Yan F, Shi D, Zheng T, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen L. N, B-doped carbon dots as a sensitive fluorescence probe for Hg 2+ ions and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol detection for bioimaging. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu W, Li C, Ren Y, Sun X, Pan W, Li Y, Wang J, Wang W. Carbon dots: surface engineering and applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5772-5788. [PMID: 32263748 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00976j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots have attracted a great deal of attention because of their high performance, cheap and facile preparation, and potential applications in a wide area. In order to broaden their applications, especially to meet specific requirements, surface engineering, including tailoring surface functional group coating and subsequent chemical modification as required, is an effective strategy for further functionalization of carbon dots. In this article, representative approaches to coating the surface with various functional groups, and strategies for conjugating specific materials onto the surface of carbon dots for functional modification via covalent bonds, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds are highlighted, as well as the results from explorations of their various applications in target modulated sensing, accurate drug delivery and bioimaging at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Liu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China.
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Gong Y, Yu B, Yang W, Zhang X. Phosphorus, and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for real-time measurement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species inside macrophages. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:822-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Cui P, Zhang F, Feng X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu X. Fluorescent probes for "off-on" highly sensitive detection of Hg²⁺ and L-cysteine based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots. Talanta 2016; 152:288-300. [PMID: 26992523 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) were synthesized by a facile, and low-cost one-step hydrothermal strategy using citric acid as carbon source and ammonia solution as nitrogen source for the first time. The obtained NCDs show stable blue fluorescence with a high quantum yield of 35.4%, along with the fluorescence lifetime of ca. 6.75 ns. Most importantly, Hg(2+) can completely quench the fluorescence of NCDs as a result of the formation of a non-fluorescent stable NCDs-Hg(2+) complex. Static fluorescence quenching towards Hg(2+) is proved by the Stern-Volmer equation, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, temperature dependent quenching and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Subsequently, the fluorescence of the NCDs-Hg(2+) system is completely recovered with the addition L-cysteine (L-Cys) owing to the dissociation of NCDs-Hg(2+) complex to form a more stable Hg(2+)-L-Cys complex by Hg(2+)-S bonding. Therefore, such NCDs can be used as an effective fluorescent "turn-off" probe for rapid, rather highly selective and sensitive detection of Hg(2+), with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.48 nM and a linear detection range of 0-10 μM. Interestingly, NCDs-Hg(2+) system can be conveniently employed as a fluorescent "turn-on" sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of L-Cys with a low LOD of 0.79 nM and a wide linear detection range of 0-50 μM. Further, the sensitivity of NCDs to Hg(2+) is preserved in tap water with a LOD of 1.65 nM and a linear detection range of 0-10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lyuliang 033001, China; Research Center on Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Peipei Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; Research Center on Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaoting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; Research Center on Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; Research Center on Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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Hu Q, Meng X, Choi MMF, Gong X, Chan W. Elucidating the structure of carbon nanoparticles by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 911:100-107. [PMID: 26893091 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A fast and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was developed for the separation and structural elucidation of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNP). The CNP was synthesised from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid (CA) and 1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA). By using UPLC separation, the CNP product was well separated into ten fractions within 4.0 min. Based on high-accuracy MS and MS/MS analyses, the CNP species were revealed to display six kinds of chemical formulas, including (C10H20N4O5)n, (C8H12N2O5)n, (C16H22N4O9)n, (C6H8O7)n, (C14H18N2O11)n, and (C14H16N2O10)n. In particular, our study revealed for the first time that the CNP species exist as supramolecular clusters with their individual monomers units linked together through non-covalent bonding forces. These findings clearly indicated the usefulness of UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS in identifying the chemical composition of CNP product. It is anticipated that our proposed methodology can be applied to study the structure-property relationships of CNP, facilitating in the production of CNP with desirable spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiangpeng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Martin M F Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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20
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Ruan Y, Wu L, Jiang X. Self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles: a new ratiometric UV-vis optical sensor for the highly sensitive and selective detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solution. Analyst 2016; 141:3313-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric UV-vis optical sensor for Hg2+ was developed based on the self-assembly of nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
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21
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Wang C, Sun D, Chen Y, Zhuo K. A hydrothermal route for synthesizing highly luminescent sulfur- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots as nanosensors for Hg2+. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots were synthesized by the one step hydrothermal treatment of pyritinol hydrochloride in the presence of graphene oxide, and could be used as an effective fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Dong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Kelei Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
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22
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He J, He Y, Chen Y, Lei B, Zhang H, Zhuang J, Zheng M, Liu Y. One-step preparation of carbon dot-grafted trisodium citrate dihydrate for tunable photoluminescence and white light-emitting diodes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emitting-color of (B-CDs/SC and Y-CDs/SC)-based composites can be systematically tailored. Meanwhile, both of them can be successfully fabricated in WLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Youling He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jianle Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Mingtao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agricultural
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guang Zhou
- P. R. China
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23
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Weng H, Yan B. N-GQDs and Eu3+ co-encapsulated anionic MOFs: two-dimensional luminescent platform for decoding benzene homologues. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8795-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00994h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-GQDs and Eu3+ co-encapsulated Mg-MOFs were prepared, and the ratio of IL/IEu and IEu/IN-GQDs was decoded on a 2D map for the recognition of benzene homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Weng
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
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24
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Wang X, Shen X, Li B, Jiang G, Zhou X, Jiang H. One-step facile synthesis of novel β-amino alcohol functionalized carbon dots for the fabrication of a selective copper ion sensing interface based on the biuret reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection strategy of β-amino alcohol functionalized carbon dots for Cu2+ based on the biuret reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Guoyi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 211166
- P. R. China
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25
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Anomalous Fluorescence Enhancement from Double Heterostructure 3D Colloidal Photonic Crystals--A Multifunctional Fluorescence-Based Sensor Platform. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14439. [PMID: 26400503 PMCID: PMC4585865 DOI: 10.1038/srep14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmenting fluorescence intensity is of vital importance to the development of chemical and biochemical sensing, imaging and miniature light sources. Here we report an unprecedented fluorescence enhancement with a novel architecture of multilayer three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystals self-assembled from polystyrene spheres. The new technique uses a double heterostructure, which comprises a top and a bottom layer with a periodicity overlapping the excitation wavelength (E) of the emitters, and a middle layer with a periodicity matching the fluorescence wavelength (F) and a thickness that supports constructive interference for the excitation wavelength. This E-F-E double heterostructure displays direction-dependent light trapping for both excitation and fluorescence, coupling the modes of photonic crystal with multiple-beam interference. The E-F-E double heterostructure renders an additional 5-fold enhancement to the extraordinary FL amplification of Rhodamine B in monolithic E CPhCs, and 4.3-fold acceleration of emission dynamics. Such a self-assembled double heterostructue CPhCs may find significant applications in illumination, laser, chemical/biochemical sensing, and solar energy harvesting. We further demonstrate the multi-functionality of the E-F-E double heterostructure CPhCs in Hg (II) sensing.
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26
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Carbon dots: synthetic methods and applications as fluorescent probes for the detection of metal ions, inorganic anions and organic molecules. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Zhang C, Hu Z, Song L, Cui Y, Liu X. Valine-derived carbon dots with colour-tunable fluorescence for the detection of Hg2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Green and yellow fluorescent carbon dots with high sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+ were synthesized from H3PO4 oxidation of valine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Li Song
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Yanyan Cui
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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28
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Abstract
Carbon based dots (CDs) including carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots exhibit unique luminescence properties, such as photoluminescence (PL), chemiluminescence (CL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food
- Safety
- and Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Jianhua Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food
- Safety
- and Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Xu You
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food
- Safety
- and Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Yuwu Chi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food
- Safety
- and Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
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