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Li H, Zheng YH, Gates WP, Villacorta FJ, Ohira-Kawamura S, Kawakita Y, Ikeda K, Bordallo HN. Role of Exchange Cations and Layer Charge on the Dynamics of Confined Water. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:261-270. [PMID: 38135662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Describing the dynamic behavior of water confined in clay minerals is a fascinating challenge and crucial in many research areas, ranging from materials science and geotechnical engineering to environmental sustainability. Water is the most abundant resource on Earth, and the high reactivity of naturally occurring hydrous clay minerals used since prehistoric times for a variety of applications means that water-clay interaction is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. We have attempted to experimentally distinguish the rotational dynamics and translational diffusion of two distinct populations of interlayer water, confined and ultraconfined, in the sodium (Na) forms of two smectite clay minerals, montmorillonite (Mt) and hectorite (Ht). Samples hydrated at a pseudo one-layer hydration (1LH) state under ambient conditions were studied with quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) between 150 and 300 K. Using a simplified revised jump-diffusion and rotation-diffusion model (srJRM), we observed that while interlayer water near the ditrigonal cavity in Ht forms strong H-bonds to both adjacent surface O and structural OH, H-bonding of other more prevalent interlayer water with the surface O is weaker compared to Mt, inducing a higher temperature for dynamical changes of confined water. Given the lower layer charge and faster dynamics observed for Ht compared to Mt, we consider this strong evidence confirming the influence of the interlayer cation and surfaces on confined water dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yin-Hao Zheng
- Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Will P Gates
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne-Burwood, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - F J Villacorta
- ESS-Bilbao, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Bizkaia Nave 201, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | | | - Yukinobu Kawakita
- Neutron Science Section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Neutron Science Section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
- Neutron Industrial Application Promotion Center, CROSS, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Heloisa N Bordallo
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Witherspoon VJ, Ito K, Snyder CR, Tyagi M, Martin TB, Beaucage PA, Nieuwendaal RC, Vallery RS, Gidley DW, Wilbur JD, Welsh D, Stafford CM, Soles CL. Correlating the Diffusion of Water to Performance in Model Reverse Osmosis Polyamides with Controlled Crosslink Densities. J Memb Sci 2023; 678:10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121670. [PMID: 37465550 PMCID: PMC10350966 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We systematically reduce the cross-link density of a PA network based on m-phenylene diamine by substituting a fraction of the trifunctional trimesoyl chloride cross-linking agent with a difunctional isophthaloyl analog that promotes chain extension, in order to elucidate robust design cues for improving the polyamide (PA) separation layer in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for desalination. Thin films of these model PA networks are fully integrated into a composite membrane and evaluated in terms of their water flux and salt rejection. By incorporating 15 mol % of the difunctional chain extender, we reduce the cross-link density of the network by a factor of two, which leads to an 80 % increase in the free or unreacted amine content. The resulting swelling of the PA network in liquid water increases by a factor of two accompanied by a 30 % increase in the salt passage through the membrane. Surprisingly, this leads to a 30 % decrease in the overall permeance of water through the membrane. This conundrum is resolved by quantifying the microscopic diffusion coefficient of water inside the PA network with quasi-elastic neutron scattering. In the highest and lowest cross-link density networks, water shows strong signatures of confined diffusion. At short length scales, the water exhibits a translational diffusion that is consistent with the jump-diffusion mechanism. This translational diffusion coefficient is approximately five times slower in the lowest cross-linked density network, consistent with the reduced water permeance. This is interpreted as water molecules interacting more strongly with the increased free amine content. Over longer length scales the water diffusion is confined, exhibiting mobility that is independent of length scale. The length scales of confinement from the quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments at which this transition from confined to translational diffusion occurs is on the order of (5 to 6) Å , consistent with complementary X-ray scattering, small angle neutron scattering, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements. The confinement appears to come from heterogeneities in the average inter-atomic distances, suggesting that diffusion occurs by water bouncing between chains and occasionally sticking to the polar functional groups. The results obtained here are compared with similar studies of water diffusion through both rigid porous silicates and ion exchange membranes, revealing robust design cues for engineering high-performance RO membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velencia J. Witherspoon
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
- Current address: Section for Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Kanae Ito
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
- Current address: Industrial Application Division, Spring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Chad R. Snyder
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Tyler B. Martin
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Peter A. Beaucage
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Ryan C. Nieuwendaal
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - David W. Gidley
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Christopher M. Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Christopher L. Soles
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
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Wassermobilität in der grenzflächeninduzierten Schmelzschicht von Eis/Tonmineral‐Nanokompositen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li H, Mars J, Lohstroh W, Koza MM, Butt H, Mezger M. Water Mobility in the Interfacial Liquid Layer of Ice/Clay Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7697-7702. [PMID: 33238050 PMCID: PMC8048683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
At solid/ice interfaces, a premelting layer is formed at temperatures below the melting point of bulk water. However, the structural and dynamic properties within the premelting layer have been a topic of intense debate. Herein, we determined the translational diffusion coefficient Dt of water in ice/clay nanocomposites serving as model systems for permafrost by quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Below the bulk melting point, a rapid decrease of Dt is found for charged hydrophilic vermiculite, uncharged hydrophilic kaolin, and more hydrophobic talc, reaching plateau values below -4 °C. At this temperature, Dt in the premelting layer is reduced up to a factor of two compared to supercooled bulk water. Adjacent to charged vermiculite the lowest water mobility was observed, followed by kaolin and the more hydrophobic talc. Results are explained by the intermolecular water interactions with different clay surfaces and interfacial segregation of the low-density liquid water (LDL) component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Julian Mars
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Michael Marek Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 2015638042GrenobleFrance
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Butt
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of Physics, Dynamics of Condensed SystemsUniversity of ViennaBoltzmanngasse 51090WienAustria
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Ridi F, Tonelli M, Fratini E, Chen SH, Baglioni P. Water as a Probe of the Colloidal Properties of Cement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2205-2218. [PMID: 29035549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cement is produced by mixing mineral phases based on calcium silicates and aluminates with water. The hydration reaction of the mixture leads to a synthetic material with outstanding properties that can be used as a binder for construction applications. Despite the importance of cement in society, for a long time, the chemical reactions involved in its hydration remained poorly understood as a result of the complexity of hydration processes, nanostructure, and transport phenomena. This feature article reviews the recently obtained results using water as a probe to detail the essential features in the setting process. By examining the peculiar physicochemical properties of water, fundamental information on the evolving inorganic colloid matrix can be deduced, ranging from the fractal nanostructure of the inorganic silicate framework to the transport phenomena inside the developing porosity. A similar approach can be transferred to the investigation of a plethora of other complex systems, where water plays the main role in determining the final structural and transport properties (i.e., biomaterials, hydrogels, and colloids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Tonelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
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Madhavi WAM, Weerasinghe S, Momot KI. Rotational-Diffusion Propagator of the Intramolecular Proton–Proton Vector in Liquid Water: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10893-10905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Monika Madhavi
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia
| | | | - Konstantin I. Momot
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia
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Dynamics of nano-confined water in Portland cement - comparison with synthetic C-S-H gel and other silicate materials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8258. [PMID: 28811588 PMCID: PMC5557859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of water confined in cement materials is still a matter of debate in spite of the fact that water has a major influence on properties such as durability and performance. In this study, we have investigated the dynamics of water confined in Portland cement (OPC) at different curing ages (3 weeks and 4 years after preparation) and at three water-to-cement ratios (w/c, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, we distinguish four different dynamics due to water molecules confined in the pores of different sizes of cements. Here we show how water dynamics is modified by the evolution in the microstructure (maturity) and the w/c ratio. The fastest dynamics (processes 1 and 2, representing very local water dynamics) are independent of water content and the degree of maturity whereas the slowest dynamics (processes 3 and 4) are dependent on the microstructure developed during curing. Additionally, we analyze the differences regarding the water dynamics when confined in synthetic C-S-H gel and in the C-S-H of Portland cement.
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Le P, Fratini E, Ito K, Wang Z, Mamontov E, Baglioni P, Chen SH. Dynamical behaviors of structural, constrained and free water in calcium- and magnesium-silicate-hydrate gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 469:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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