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Cui J, Liu S, Li W, Wang X, Zhen L, Xiong Y. Highly Reactive Graphene Dispersant and Its Effective Reinforcement for Phase Change Coatings. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310031. [PMID: 38483041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
High efficient dispersant that meanwhile possesses additional functions is highly desirable for the fabrication of graphene-based composite. In this paper, a new reactive dispersant, multi-silanols grafted naphthalenediamine (MSiND), is synthesized, which shows superiority compared with conventional dispersants. It can not only stabilize graphene in water at a high concentration of up to 16 mg mL-1, but also simultaneously be applicable for ethanol medium, in which the graphene concentration can be as high as 12 mg mL-1 at the weight ratio of 1:1 (MSiND:graphene). The dispersion is compatible with multi-matrixes and affinity to various substrates. In addition, MSiND exhibits excellent reactivity due to the existence of high-density silanol groups. Tough graphene coatings are constructed on glass slides and non-woven fabric simply by direct painting and dip-coating. Moreover, with the assistance of MSiND, graphene-doped phase-change coatings on hydrophobic non-woven fabric (e.g., functional mask) are prepared via the spray method. The composite coatings show enhanced mechanical strength and excellent energy storage performance, exhibiting great potential in heat preservation and thermotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshuo Cui
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Rare-scattered Elements of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, No.66, Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Rare-scattered Elements of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, No.66, Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Wenkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Rare-scattered Elements of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, No.66, Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Rare-scattered Elements of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, No.66, Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Rare-scattered Elements of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, No.66, Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Rare-scattered Elements of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, No.66, Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
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Chen X, Cui H, Li H, Wang J, Fu P, Yin J, Tang S, Ke Y. Functionalization of graphene oxide with amphiphilic block copolymer to enhance antibacterial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113690. [PMID: 38086276 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Functionalization of GO with an amphiphilic block copolymer is designed with an aim to enhance its biocompatibility, however, long copolymer chains can screen the blade effect of GO to sacrifice its antimicrobial activities. To solve this problem, low molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and their block copolymer were respectively introduced onto GO via an isophorone diisocyanate modified GO as a intermediate, followed by a solvent evaporation of an oil-in-water emulsion treatment (SE treatment) to induce block copolymer into polymer micelle via phase separation to refresh the sharp edges of GO. Block copolymer modified GO possessed similar dispersibility and stability to PEG modified GO, and even higher loading capacity of the hydrophobic drug than PHBV modified GO, illustrating its superior properties to homopolymer. PEG, PHBV and their block copolymer modified GO were nontoxic towards ATDC5 cells while cultured for 3 days and compatible with erythrocytes within 8 h. SE treatment enhanced greatly the loading capacity of the hydrophobic drug and the accumulative release reached 91.3% within 24 h. The inhibition zone of the block copolymer modified GO was 14.1 mm and 14.8 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, comparable to that of PEG modified GO. The bacterial reduction rate of the copolymer micelle modified GO was 87.1% and 82.7% towards E. coli and S. aureus, much greater than that of PEG, PHBV and their block copolymer modified GO at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The antibiofilm capacity of the copolymer micelle modified GO were equal to that of PEG modified, demonstrating its great promise in tissue engineering application for repair of infected tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - ShunQing Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yu Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Adenine derived reactive dispersant and the enhancement of graphene based composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:91-99. [PMID: 36842421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Homogeneous dispersion of graphene is the precondition for constructing high performance graphene based composites. However, most of the current dispersants reported in literature still suffer excess usage to reach a desired graphene concentration. Residual of dispersant in composite may seriously affect its properties. Hence, it is expected to obtain effective dispersant with high reactivity to diminish its adverse impacts on graphene composites. EXPERIMENTS A highly reactive graphene dispersant (DSiA) was synthesized by grafting silanol groups (Si-OH) onto adenine. Molecular structure and the performance of the dispersant were systematically characterized. Composites were fabricated by direct writing of the graphene dispersion on various substrates, and their features were evaluated by resistance, solvent erosion and tensile testing. FINDINGS Graphene concentration can reach up to 6 mg mL-1 in the presents of DSiA at the weight ratio of 1:1 (DSiA: graphene). DSiA also exhibited good performance for stabilizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Moreover, the dispersant is highly reactive. The graphene based composites showed good mechanical strength and excellent solvent resistance. Overall, the new dispersant provides an ideal choice to uniformly disperse graphene and suitable for fabricating high performance nanocarbon based composites.
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Thirumalai D, Lee S, Kwon M, Paik HJ, Lee J, Chang SC. Disposable Voltammetric Sensor Modified with Block Copolymer-Dispersed Graphene for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid in Ex Vivo Mouse Brain Tissue. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100368. [PMID: 34677324 PMCID: PMC8534151 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) are two important biomarkers with similar oxidation potentials. To facilitate their simultaneous electrochemical detection, a new voltammetric sensor was developed by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with a newly synthesized block copolymer (poly(DMAEMA-b-styrene), PDbS) as a dispersant for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The prepared PDbS–rGO and the modified SPCE were characterized using a range of physical and electrochemical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. Compared to the bare SPCE, the PDbS–rGO-modified SPCE (PDbS–rGO/SPCE) showed better sensitivity and peak-to-peak separation for DA and AA in mixed solutions. Under the optimum conditions, the dynamic linear ranges for DA and AA were 0.1–300 and 10–1100 µM, and the detection limits were 0.134 and 0.88 µM (S/N = 3), respectively. Furthermore, PDbS–rGO/SPCE exhibited considerably enhanced anti-interference capability, high reproducibility, and storage stability for four weeks. The practical potential of the PDbS–rGO/SPCE sensor for measuring DA and AA was demonstrated using ex vivo brain tissues from a Parkinson’s disease mouse model and the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinakaran Thirumalai
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Seulah Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.K.); (H.-j.P.)
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.K.); (H.-j.P.)
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Perumal S, Atchudan R, Cheong IW. Recent Studies on Dispersion of Graphene-Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2375. [PMID: 34301133 PMCID: PMC8309616 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is an excellent 2D material that has extraordinary properties such as high surface area, electron mobility, conductivity, and high light transmission. Polymer composites are used in many applications in place of polymers. In recent years, the development of stable graphene dispersions with high graphene concentrations has attracted great attention due to their applications in energy, bio-fields, and so forth. Thus, this review essentially discusses the preparation of stable graphene-polymer composites/dispersions. Discussion on existing methods of preparing graphene is included with their merits and demerits. Among existing methods, mechanical exfoliation is widely used for the preparation of stable graphene dispersion, the theoretical background of this method is discussed briefly. Solvents, surfactants, and polymers that are used for dispersing graphene and the factors to be considered while preparing stable graphene dispersions are discussed in detail. Further, the direct applications of stable graphene dispersions are discussed briefly. Finally, a summary and prospects for the development of stable graphene dispersions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Perumal S, Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Shim JJ, Lee YR. Exfoliation and Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene Surface with Poly- N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone by In Situ Polymerization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061534. [PMID: 33799693 PMCID: PMC7999643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom functionalization on a graphene surface can endow the physical and structural properties of graphene. Here, a one-step in situ polymerization method was used for the noncovalent functionalization of a graphene surface with poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PNVP) and the exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets. The obtained graphene/poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone (GPNVP) composite was thoroughly characterized. The surface morphology of GPNVP was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to check for the exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to calculate the amount of PNVP on the graphene surface in the GPNVP composite. The successful formation of the GPNVP composite and functionalization of the graphene surface was confirmed by various studies. The cyclic voltammetry measurement at different scan rates (5–500 mV/s) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the GPNVP composite were performed in the typical three-electrode system. The GPNVP composite has excellent rate capability with the capacitive property. This study demonstrates the one-pot preparation of exfoliation and functionalization of a graphene surface with the heterocyclic polymer PNVP; the resulting GPNVP composite will be an ideal candidate for various electrochemical applications.
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Hu CX, Shin Y, Read O, Casiraghi C. Dispersant-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of 2D materials beyond graphene. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:460-484. [PMID: 33404043 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The extensive research on liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) performed in the last 10 years has enabled a low cost and mass scalable approach to the successful production of a range of solution-processed 2-dimensional (2D) materials suitable for many applications, from composites to energy storage and printed electronics. However, direct LPE requires the use of specific solvents, which are typically toxic and expensive. Dispersant-assisted LPE allows us to overcome this problem by enabling production of solution processed 2D materials in a wider range of solvents, including water. This approach is based on the inclusion of an additive, typically an amphiphilic molecule, designed to interact with both the nanosheet and the solvent, enabling exfoliation and stabilization at the same time. This method has been extensively used for the LPE of graphene and has been discussed in many reviews, whilst little attention has been given to dispersant-assisted LPE of 2D materials beyond graphene. Considering the increasing number of 2D materials and their potential in many applications, from nanomedicine to energy storage and catalysis, this review focuses on the dispersant-assisted LPE of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and less studied 2D materials. We first provide an introduction to the fundamentals of LPE and the type of dispersants that have been used for the production of graphene, we then discuss each class of 2D material, providing an overview on the concentration and properties of the nanosheets obtained. Finally, a perspective is given on some of the challenges that need to be addressed in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Oliver Read
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Zanata DDM, Felisberti MI. Self-assembly of dual-responsive amphiphilic POEGMA- b-P4VP- b-POEGMA triblock copolymers: effect of temperature, pH, and complexation with Cu 2+. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00716e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic and dual-responsive triblock copolymer POEGMA-b-P4VP-b-POEGMA synthesized by RAFT self-assemble into spherical or interconnected micelles depending on the external stimulus and their complexation with Cu2+ results in responsive nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Morais Zanata
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P. O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P. O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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Charoenchai M, Tangbunsuk S, Keawwattana W. Silica-graphene oxide nanohybrids as reinforcing filler for natural rubber. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Patil R, Marathe D, Roy SP, Ray D, Aswal VK, Jha PK, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Colloidal stability of graphene oxide nanosheets in association with triblock copolymers: A neutron scattering analysis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110559. [PMID: 32228907 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates stabilization of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide (PEO-PPO) block copolymers (P103, P123 and F127). Changes in micellization of copolymers upon GO addition were monitored using dynamic light (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Structural developments at sheet surface were studied with two possibilities; (i) adsorption of PPO block over hydrophobic basal plane allowing the engagement of hydrophilic PEO with aqueous bulk, and (ii) adsorption of micelles mediated via carboxylated groups. Insignificant changes in micellar parameters for P123 and P127 were indicative of their inferior interaction with GO. On the other hand, P103 micelles exhibited high affinity for sheets, noticeable as emergence of mass fractals and more than two-fold enhancement in micelle number density. The latter allowed coverage of entire surface with P103 micelles. Existence of mass fractals was verified by extracting the form and structure factors from the fitted SANS data. Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses illustrated non-covalent adsorption of copolymer aggregates. It was interesting to note that the dispersion remained stable against protein and electrolyte addition. A comprehensive understanding on colloidal stability can be valuable for drug delivery applications of GO sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patil
- Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Dipika Marathe
- Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Samaresh P Roy
- Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prafulla K Jha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Pharmacy College, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat 394350, India.
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Patil R, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Dispersed graphene materials of biomedical interest and their toxicological consequences. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102051. [PMID: 31753296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is one-atom thick nanocarbon displaying a unique honeycomb structure and extensive conjugation. In addition to high surface area to mass ratio, it displays unique optical, thermal, electronic and mechanical properties. Atomic scale tunability of graphene has attracted immense research interest with a prospective utility in electronics, desalination, energy sectors, and beyond. Its intrinsic opto-thermal properties are appealing from the standpoint of multimodal drug delivery, imaging and biosensing applications. Hydrophobic basal plane of sheets can be efficiently loaded with aromatic molecules via non-specific forces. With intense biomedical interest, methods are evolving to produce defect-free and dispersion stable sheets. This review summarizes advancements in synthetic approaches and strategies of stabilizing graphene derivatives in aqueous medium. We have described the interaction of colloidal graphene with cellular and sub-cellular components, and subsequent physiological signaling. Finally, a systematic discussion is provided covering toxicological challenges and possible solutions on utilizing graphene formulations for high-end biomedical applications.
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12
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Interfacial interaction and steric repulsion in polymer-assisted liquid exfoliation to produce high-quality graphene. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Şen B, Aygün A, Şavk A, Duman S, Calimli MH, Bulut E, Şen F. Polymer-graphene hybrid stabilized ruthenium nanocatalysts for the dimethylamine-borane dehydrogenation at ambient conditions. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Perumal S, Raji A, Cheong IW. Interaction of Zwitterionic and Ionic Monomers with Graphene Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6737-6747. [PMID: 29791160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the interaction force between two materials provides important information on various properties, such as adsorption, binding, or compatibility for coatings, adhesion, and composites. The interaction forces of zwitterionic and ionic monomers with graphite platelets (G) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surfaces were systematically investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in air and water. The monomers examined were 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate (MPC), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBE), [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (ATC), and 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium (MSS). The AFM studies revealed that MSS and SBE monomers with sulfonate units have stronger interaction forces with G surface in air and that MPC and ATC monomers with quaternary ammonium units have higher interaction forces in water. In the case of rGO surface, the monomers with quaternary ammonium units showed stronger interactions regardless of the medium. These interactions could be rationalized by the interaction mechanism between the monomers with graphene surfaces, such as cation-π for MPC and ATC and anion-π for MSS and SBE. Overall, cation-π interactions were effective in water, whereas anion-π interactions are effective in air with G surface. The adhesion values of MPC, SBE, ATC, and MSS on rGO were lower than the values measured on G surface. Among the monomers, MPC showed the highest dispersibility for aqueous graphene dispersions. Further, the adsorption of MPC on G and rGO surfaces was verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atchudan Raji
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Tao H, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Sun Z, Yan C, Texter J. Scalable exfoliation and dispersion of two-dimensional materials - an update. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:921-960. [PMID: 27976772 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of dispersions of single- and few-sheet 2D materials in various solvents, as well as the characterization methods applied to such dispersions, is critically reviewed. Motivating factors for producing single- and few-sheet dispersions of 2D materials in liquids are briefly discussed. Many practical applications are expected for such materials that do not require high purity formulations and tight control of donor and acceptor concentrations, as required in conventional Fab processing of semiconductor chips. Approaches and challenges encountered in exfoliating 2D materials in liquids are reviewed. Ultrasonication, mechanical shearing, and electrochemical processing approaches are discussed, and their respective limitations and promising features are critiqued. Supercritical and more conventional liquid and solvent processing are then discussed in detail. The effects of various types of stabilizers, including surfactants and other amphiphiles, as well as polymers, including homopolymeric electrolytes, nonionic polymers, and nanolatexes, are discussed. Consideration of apparent successes of stabilizer-free dispersions indicates that extensive exfoliation in the absence of dispersing aids results from processing-induced surface modifications that promote stabilization of 2D material/solvent interactions. Also apparent paradoxes in "pristineness" and optical extinctions in dispersions suggest that there is much we do not yet quantitatively understand about the surface chemistry of these materials. Another paradox, emanating from modeling dilute solvent-only exfoliation by sonication using polar components of solubility parameters and surface tension for pristine graphene with no polar structural component, is addressed. This apparent paradox appears to be resolved by realizing that the reactivity of graphene to addition reactions of solvent radicals produced by sonolysis is accompanied by unintended polar surface modifications that promote attractive interactions with solvent. This hypothesis serves to define important theoretical and experimental studies that are needed. We conclude that the greatest promise for high volume and high concentration processing lies in applying methods that have not yet been extensively reported, particularly wet comminution processing using small grinding media of various types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengcong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yunnan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - John Texter
- School of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
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A study on amphiphilic fluorinated block copolymer in graphite exfoliation using supercritical CO 2 for stable graphene dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 510:162-171. [PMID: 28942166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PTFEMA-b-PVP) was synthesized by stepwise reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization for the preparation of graphene by the exfoliation of graphite nanoplatelets (GPs) in supercritical CO2 (SCCO2). Two different block copolymers (low and high molecular weights) were prepared with the same block ratio and used at different concentrations in the SCCO2 process. The amount of PTFEMA-b-PVP adsorbed on the GPs and the electrical conductivity of the SCCO2-treated GP samples were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and four-point probe method, respectively. All GP samples treated with SCCO2 were then dispersed in methanol and the dispersion stability was investigated using online turbidity measurements. The concentration and morphology of few-layer graphene stabilized with PTFEMA-b-PVP in the supernatant solution were investigated by gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Destabilization study of the graphene dispersions revealed that the longer block copolymer exhibited better affinity for graphene, resulting in a higher yield of stable graphene with minimal defects.
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Recent Developments Concerning the Dispersion Methods and Mechanisms of Graphene. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Duraivel M, Nagappan S, Balamuralitharan B, Selvam S, Karthick SN, Prabakar K, Ha CS, Kim HJ. Superior one-pot synthesis of a doped graphene oxide electrode for a high power density supercapacitor. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01672k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The facile one-pot synthesis of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide results in a high powder density and easily reproducible electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarkodi Duraivel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-46241
- South Korea
| | - Saravanan Nagappan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - B. Balamuralitharan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-46241
- South Korea
| | - S. Selvam
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Pil-Dong
- Republic of Korea
| | - S. N. Karthick
- Department of Chemistry
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore-641046
- India
| | - K. Prabakar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-46241
- South Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Ha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan-46241
- South Korea
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Perumal S, Lee HM, Cheong IW. High-concentration graphene dispersion stabilized by block copolymers in ethanol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497:359-367. [PMID: 28288381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a comprehensive study for the preparation of graphene dispersions by liquid-phase exfoliation using amphiphilic diblock copolymers; poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(styrene) (PEO-b-PS), poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PEO-b-PVP), and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(pyrenemethyl methacrylate) (PEO-b-PPy) with similar block lengths. Block copolymers were prepared from PEO using the Steglich coupling reaction followed by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Graphite platelets (G) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used as graphene sources. The dispersion stability of graphene in ethanol was comparatively investigated by on-line turbidity, and the graphene concentration in the dispersions was determined gravimetrically. Our results revealed that the graphene dispersions with PEO-b-PVP were much more stable and included graphene with fewer defects than that with PEO-b-PS or PEO-b-PPy, as confirmed by turbidity and Raman analyses. Gravimetry confirmed that graphene concentrations up to 1.7 and 1.8mg/mL could be obtained from G and rGO dispersions, respectively, using PEO-b-PVP after one week. Distinctions in adhesion forces of PS, VP, PPy block units with graphene surface and the variation in solubility of the block copolymers in ethanol medium significantly affected the stability of the graphene dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyang Moo Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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Qiao M, Wu S, Wang Y, Ran Q. Brush-like block copolymer synthesized via RAFT polymerization for graphene oxide aqueous suspensions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time the applications of brush-like block copolymer in the dispersant of graphene oxide aqueous suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials
| | - Shishan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials
- Jiangsu Sobute New Material Co. Ltd
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qianping Ran
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials
- Jiangsu Sobute New Material Co. Ltd
- Nanjing
- China
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Lee HM, Perumal S, Cheong IW. Amphiphilic Fluorinated Block Copolymer Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization for Graphene Dispersions. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8030101. [PMID: 30979188 PMCID: PMC6432555 DOI: 10.3390/polym8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the superior properties of graphene, the strong π–π interactions among pristine graphenes yielding massive aggregation impede industrial applications. For non-covalent functionalization of highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PTFEMA-b-PVP) block copolymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and used as polymeric dispersants in liquid phase exfoliation assisted by ultrasonication. The HOPG graphene concentrations were found to be 0.260–0.385 mg/mL in methanolic graphene dispersions stabilized with 10 wt % (relative to HOPG) PTFEMA-b-PVP block copolymers after one week. Raman and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed that HOPG could not be completely exfoliated during the sonication. However, on-line turbidity results confirmed that the dispersion stability of HOPG in the presence of the block copolymer lasted for one week and that longer PTFEMA and PVP blocks led to better graphene dispersibility. Force–distance (F–d) analyses of AFM showed that PVP block is a good graphene-philic block while PTFEMA is methanol-philic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Moo Lee
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Suguna Perumal
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - In Woo Cheong
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Research Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Department of Nano-Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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