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Li Y, Azeem M, Luo Y, Peng Y, Feng C, Li R, Peng J, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang Z. Phosphate capture from biogas slurry with magnesium-doped biochar composite derived from Lycium chinensis branch filings: performance, mechanism, and effect of coexisting ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84873-84885. [PMID: 35789464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance, mechanisms, and effects of various coexisting ions on phosphorus (P) adsorptive capture in biogas slurry using MgO-doped biochar (MBC) were investigated. The results revealed that in comparison to the pristine biochar, the introduction of MgO significantly improved the P adsorptive capture feasibility of MBC. In addition, the process of P capture by MBC was not affected by the initial pH of the solution. The process of P capture could reach equilibrium within 120 min and be simulated using both the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. In addition, the highest P capture capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was approximately 129.35 mg/g. The coexisting of cations including NH4+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+ in higher concentrations of promoted P adsorptive capture through precipitation and ionic atmosphere effects. The presence of coexisting ions including SO42-, HCO3-, and fulvic acid (FA) had a certain inhibitory effect on the P adsorptive capture through competitive adsorption with phosphate. The existence of monovalent ions such as K+, Na+, Cl-, and NO3- had no significant effect on P adsorptive capture. The adsorptive capture of P by MBC was affected by various processes including electrostatic attraction and surface complexation, and the presence of different coexisting substances had different impacts on the P adsorption. Adding to these, the P in the biogas slurry was completely adsorbed by the MBC during the experiment, indicating that MBC is a promising composite in the engineering application for the capture of P from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yaru Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chuchu Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jin Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Batch and Column Adsorption of Phosphorus by Modified Montmorillonite. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus pollutants are a crucial component of water eutrophication. In this study, montmorillonite modified by Keggin Al13 and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (Al13-O-MMt) was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from solutions and thus simulate the practice of a field trial, such as in wastewater. The ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method was used to determine the concentrations of phosphorus in samples. In the batch experiment, phosphorus was adsorbed by original montmorillonite (MMt) and Al13-O-MMt at various pH values (6–9) to identify the effect of pH during the adsorption process. The batch adsorption results demonstrate that Al13-O-MMt can adsorb up to 93% of phosphorus at pH = 8. Six graduated amounts (0.01–0.25 g) of montmorillonite were tested at three different temperatures to determine the most suitable temperature and the minimum dosage of Al13-O-MMt needed for the adsorption of 200 mg/L phosphorus in a 30 mL solution, which was 0.1 g at 25 °C. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of Al13-O-MMt was found to be 60 mg/g. Subsequently, a column experiment was conducted. The results showed that the optimized dosage of Al13-O-MMt was 6.667 g for phosphorus adsorption with a concentration of 200 mg/L in 2000 mL solution, and the breakthrough time was 4794.67 min.
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Parasana N, Shah M, Unnarkat A. Recent advances in developing innovative sorbents for phosphorus removal-perspective and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38985-39016. [PMID: 35304717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential mineral for the growth of plants which is supplied in the form of fertilizers. Phosphorus remains an inseparable part of developing agrarian economics. Phosphorus enters waterways through three different sources: domestic, agricultural, and industrial sources. Rainfall is the main cause for washing away a large amount of phosphates from farm soils into nearby waterways. The surplus of phosphorus in the water sources cause eutrophication and degradation of the habitat with an adverse effect on aquatic life and plants. Phosphate elimination is necessary to control eutrophication in water sources. Among the different methods reported for the removal and recovery of phosphorus: ion exchange, precipitation, crystallization, and others, adsorption standout as a sustainable solution. The current review offers a comparative assessment of the literature on novel materials and techniques for the removal of phosphorus. Herein, different adsorbents, their behaviors, mechanisms, and capacity of materials are discussed in detail. The adsorbents are categorized under different heads: iron-based, silica-alumina-based, calcium-based, biochar-based wherein the metal and metal oxides are employed in phosphorus removal. The ideal attribute of adsorbent will be the utilization of spent adsorbents as a phosphate plant food and a soil conditioner in agriculture. The review provides the perspective on the current research with potential challenges and directives for possible research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nautam Parasana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Manan Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Ashish Unnarkat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
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Phosphate Adsorption onto an Al-Ti Bimetal Oxide Composite in Neutral Aqueous Solution: Performance and Thermodynamics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) pollution and phosphorus recovery are important issues in the field of environmental science. In this work, a novel Al-Ti bimetal composite sorbent was developed via a cost-effective co-precipitation approach for P removal from water. The adsorptive performance and characteristics of P onto Al-Ti sorbent were evaluated by batch adsorption experiments. The effects of Al:Ti molar ratio, initial P concentration and reaction temperature were investigated. The microstructural characteristics of the Al-Ti sorbent were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of P on Al-Ti oxide proceeds according to pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate on the Al-Ti oxide calculated from linear Langmuir models was 68.2 mg-P/g at pH 6.8. The Al-Ti oxide composite sorbent showed good potential for P recovery, owing to its large adsorption capacity and ease of regeneration.
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5
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Fabrication of Ceramsite Adsorbent from Industrial Wastes for the Removal of Phosphorus from Aqueous Solutions. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8036961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A more applicable adsorbent was fabricated using industrial wastes such as red mud, fly ash, and riverbed sediments. The heavy metal inside the raw materials created metal hydroxy on the adsorbent surface that offered elevated adsorption capacity for phosphorus. The required equilibrium time for the adsorption is only 10 min. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 9.84 mg·g−1 inferred from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Higher solution pH favored phosphorus adsorption. Kinetics study showed that the adsorption could be better fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The presence of coexisting anions had no significant adverse impact on phosphorus removal. The speciation of the adsorbed phosphorus indicated that the adsorption to iron and aluminum is the dominating adsorption mechanism. Moreover, a dynamic adsorption column experiment showed that, under a hydraulic time of 10 min, more than 80% of the phosphorus in the influent was removed and the surplus phosphorus concentration was close to 0.1 mg L−1. The water quality after adsorption revealed its applicability in real treatment. Consequently, the adsorbent synthesized from industrial wastes is efficient and applicable due to the high efficiency of phosphorus removal and eco-friendly behavior in solutions.
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Adsorptive removal of phosphate by a Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent: Adsorption capacity, influence factors, and mechanism. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0263617420942709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing input of phosphorus is the key step for control of eutrophication and algal blooming in freshwater lakes. Adsorption technology is a cost-effective technology for phosphate removal in water for the purpose. Thus, in this study, a novel Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent was developed, and then evaluated for phosphate removal. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity could be approached to 61.80 mg g−1 at 25°C under pH of 6.03. Adsorption of phosphate by Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbent fitted better by pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir model, which suggested that the adsorption process was surface chemical reactions and mainly in a monolayer coverage manner. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption reaction was an endothermic process. The phosphate removal gradually decreased with the increasing of pH from 3.02 to 11.00. The sequence of coexisting anions competing with phosphates was that CO32− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Dissolved organic matter, fulvic acid as a representative, would also decrease adsorption capacities of phosphate by Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbents. Adsorption capacity would be decreased with increasing addition of adsorbents, while removal efficiency would be increased in this process. The Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite adsorbent showed a good reusability when applied to removal of dissolved phosphate from aqueous solutions. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that some hydroxyl groups (–OH) on the surface of adsorbent were replaced by the adsorbed PO43−, HPO42−, or H2PO4−. Aggregative results showed that the novel Fe–Mn–La tri-mental composite sorbent is a very promising adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.
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Yang Z, Liu L, Zhao L, Su G, Wei Z, Tang A, Xue J. Preparation and evaluation of bis(diallyl alkyl tertiary ammonium salt) polymer as a promising adsorbent for phosphorus removal. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:24-37. [PMID: 31787188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Problems associated with water eutrophication due to high phosphorus concentrations and related environmentally safe solutions have attracted wide attention. A novel bis(diallyl alkyl tertiary ammonium salt) polymer, particularly poly(N1,N1,N6,N6-tetraallylhexane-1,6-diammonium dichloride) (PTAHDADC), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion method, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption characteristics in phosphorus were evaluated in dilute solution, and the recycling properties of PTAHDADC were investigated. Results showed that PTAHDADC possessed macropores with a size distribution ranging from 30 to 130 μm concentrating at 63 μm in diameter and had 46.52% of porosity, excellent thermal stability below 530K, and insolubility. PTAHDADC could effectively remove phosphorus at pH = 7-11 and had a removal efficiency exceeding 98.4% at pH = 10-11. The adsorption equilibrium data of PTAHDADC for phosphorus accorded well with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Maximum adsorption capacity was 52.82 mg/g at 293 K. PTAHDADC adsorbed phosphorus rapidly and reached equilibrium within 90 min. Calculated activation energy Ea was 15.18 kJ/mol. PTAHDADC presented an excellent recyclability with only 8.23% loss of removal efficiency after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The morphology and structure of PTAHDADC slightly changed as evidenced by the pre- and post-adsorption of phosphorus, but the process was accompanied by the partial deprotonation of the (-CH2)3NH+ group of PTAHDADC. The adsorption was a spontaneous exothermic process driven by entropy through physisorption, electrostatic attraction, and ion exchange. Survey results showed that PTAHDADC was a highly efficient and fast-adsorbing phosphorus-removal material prospective in treating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Gang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Zuoxiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Anping Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jianrong Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Xiangtan 411201, China; Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, Xiangtan 411201, China
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8
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Huang YX, Liu MJ, Chen S, Jasmi II, Tang Y, Lin S. Enhanced adsorption and slow release of phosphate by dolomite-alginate composite beads as potential fertilizer. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:797-804. [PMID: 30993735 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recovery and reuse of phosphorus (P) from wastewater treatment process is a critical and viable target for sustainable P utilization. This study explores a novel approach of integrating ultrafine mineral particles into hydrogel matrixes for enhancing the capacity of phosphate adsorption. Dolomite-alginate (DA) hydrogel beads were prepared by integrating ball-milled, ultrafine dolomite powders into calcium cross-linked alginate hydrogel matrix. The adsorption isotherms followed a Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption model with higher specific adsorption capacity than those reported in literature. The kinetics of phosphate adsorption suggest that the adsorption is diffusion controlled. Investigation of adsorption capacity at different pH showed a maximum adsorption capacity in the pH range of 7-10. Lastly, we demonstrated that the DA beads are capable of slowly releasing most of the adsorbed phosphate, which is an important criterion for them to be an effective phosphorous fertilizer. This study, using DA composite hydrogel as an example, demonstrates a promising strategy of immobilizing ultrafine mineral adsorbents into biocompatible hydrogel matrix for effective recovery of phosphorous resource from wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Integration of dolomite and alginate hydrogel beads is demonstrated using ball milling. Ball milling process increases the specific adsorption capacity of dolomite on phosphorus. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and pH effects of the dolomite-alginate beads are investigated. The dolomite-alginate beads can be used as slow-release phosphorus fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Meng-Jie Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Irfan Iskandar Jasmi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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9
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Du C, Yu J, Sun W, Han H, Hu Y, Chen P, Hou P, Liu R, Wang L, Yang Y, Liu R, Sun L. Purification of starch and phosphorus wastewater using core-shell magnetic seeds prepared by sulfated roasting. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:4-16. [PMID: 30975328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell magnetic seeds with certain adsorption capacity that were prepared by sulfated roasting, served as the core of a magnetic separation technology for purification of starch wastewater. XRD and SEM results indicate that magnetite's surface transformed to be porous α-Fe2O3 structure. Compared with magnetite particles, the specific surface area was significantly improved to be 8.361 from 2.591 m2/g, with little decrease in specific susceptibility. Zeta potential, FT-IR and XPS experiments indicate that both phosphate and starch adsorbed on the surface of the core-shell magnetic seeds by chemical adsorption, which fits well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The porous surface structure of magnetic seeds significantly contributes to the adsorption of phosphate and starch species, which can be efficiently removed to be 1.51 mg/L (phosphate) and 9.51 mg/L (starch) using magnetic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Du
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haisheng Han
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yuehua Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Runqing Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ruohua Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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10
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Han F, Yan P, Liu B, Zhou Q, Min F, He F, Wu Z. Investigation on the adsorption of phosphorus in all fractions from sediment by modified maifanite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15619. [PMID: 30353133 PMCID: PMC6199331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sediment phosphorus (P) removal is crucial for the control of eutrophication, and the in-situ adsorption is an essential technique. In this study, modified maifanite (MMF) prepared by acidification, alkalization, salinization, calcination and combined modifications, respectively, were first applied to treat sediment P. The morphology and microstructure of MMF samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Various adsorption parameters were tested, such as dosage of maifanite, time, operation pH and temperature. The adsorption mechanisms were also investigated and discussed. Results showed that CMMF-H2.5-400 (2.5 mol/L H2SO4 and calcined at 400 °C) exhibited the highest P adsorption capacity. Thus, it was selected as the in-situ adsorbent material to control the internal P loading. Under the optimal conditions of dynamic experiments, the adsorption rates of TP, IP, OP, Fe/Al-P and Ca-P by CMMF-H2.5-400 were 37.22%, 44.41%, 25.54%, 26.09% and 60.34%, respectively. The adsorption mechanisms analysis revealed that the adsorption of P onto CMMF-H2.5-400 mainly by ligand exchange. Results of this work indicated that the modification treatment could improve the adsorption capacity of maifanite, and CMMF-H2.5-400 could be further applied to eutrophication treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Fan Han
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fenli Min
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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11
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Kong L, Hu X, Xie Z, Ren X, Long J, Su M, Diao Z, Chen D, Shih K, Hou L. Accelerated phosphorus recovery from aqueous solution onto decorated sewage sludge carbon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13421. [PMID: 30194435 PMCID: PMC6128935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of efficient phosphorus resource recovery and pollution remediation should be highly concerned due to the view of phosphorus nonrenewable and eutrophication. This work presented a new insight into conversion of sewage sludge into favorable carbonaceous adsorbent for accelerated removing and recovering phosphorus from aqueous solution, what addressed the issues of phosphorus recovery and pollution remediation as well as sludge disposal. Ca and water hyacinth were evolved to decorate sludge derived carbon. Effect of mass ratio of sludge, water hyacinth and calcium carbonate on the morphologies and adsorption kinetics was investigated. The adsorbents (SW-Ca-112) resulted from sludge in the presence of water hyacinth and CaCO3 in a mass ratio of 1:1:2 had the highest adsorption capacity of 49.50 mg/g P and adsorption rate. Decoration of Ca favored adsorption ability and the presence of water hyacinth accelerated the adsorption rate due to the enhanced porosity. Formation of acicular Ca5(PO4)3OH nanoparticles contributed to the favorable adsorption process. Thus, the contribution of decorated Ca and water hyacinth to the adsorption ability and rate to phosphorus was understand, providing important information on resource utilization of sewage sludge as efficient adsorbent for immobilizing phosphorus from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China. .,Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
| | - Xingliang Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianyou Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zenghui Diao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Diyun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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12
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Li Y, He X, Hu H, Zhang T, Qu J, Zhang Q. Enhanced phosphate removal from wastewater by using in situ generated fresh trivalent Fe composition through the interaction of Fe(II) on CaCO 3. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 221:38-44. [PMID: 29793208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive existences of nutrients such as phosphate in the aqueous environment remain as a heavy concern although many researches have been reported for dealing with their removal. Based on the understanding toward the interactions of Fe compounds with phosphate and carbonate from many available researches, we designed a very simple and efficient approach for phosphate removal by using in situ generated fresh trivalent Fe composition through the interaction of Fe(II) as FeSO4 on CaCO3. Addition and agitation of Fe(II) and CaCO3 simultaneously to phosphate solution allowed an amorphous Fe(III)-P or Ca-Fe(III)-P precipitation, with a phosphate removal rate close to 100%, to reduce the residual phosphorus concentration less than 0.03 mg/L from 100 mg/L, reaching the discharge limit, even with the addition amounts of CaCO3 as low as a stoichiometric ratio of CaCO3/PO43- at 0.9 and ratio of Fe(II)/PO43- at 1.5, and the percent of P2O5 in the precipitate was as high as 19.4% enough as phosphate source for fertilizer production. Different from the alkaline process with enough OH- group, the slow hydrolysis of CaCO3 resulting in low concentration of OH- group for the formation of Fe(OH)2, which was oxidized soon by air into trivalent Fe, achieved a continuous generation of fresh ferric composition for phosphate precipitation and could avoid its rapid formation and subsequent transformation into stable FeOOH of large particle size to lose the activity. These results based on the synergistic effect of using CaCO3 and Fe(II) together may have applications in the treatment of eutrophic wastewater through a process with many advantages of easy operation and low-cost besides the high removal efficiency with phosphate percentage inside the precipitate high enough to serve for fertilizer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman He
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Hu
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Qu
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Man K, Zhu Q, Guo Z, Xing Z. Fe-Ti/Fe (II)-loading on ceramic filter materials for residual chlorine removal from drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:405-411. [PMID: 29499521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic filter material was prepared with silicon dioxide (SiO2), which was recovered from red mud and then modified with Fe (II) and Fe-Ti bimetal oxide. Ceramic filter material can be used to reduce the content of residual chlorine from drinking water. The results showed that after a two-step leaching process with 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 90% sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the recovery of SiO2 exceeded 80%. Fe (II)/Fe-Ti bimetal oxide, with a high adsorption capacity of residual chlorine, was prepared using a 3:1 M ratio of Fe/Ti and a concentration of 0.4 mol/L Fe2+. According to the zeta-potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fe (II) and Fe-Ti bimetal oxide altered the zeta potential and structural properties of the ceramic filter material. There was a synergistic interaction between Fe and Ti in which FeOTi bonds on the material surface and hydroxyl groups provided the active sites for adsorption. Through a redox reaction, Fe (II) transfers hypochlorite to chloride, and FeOTiCl bonds were formed after adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Man
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zipeng Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, Harbin 150080, China.
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14
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An electrochemical method through hydroxyl radicals oxidation and deposition of ferric phosphate for hypophosphite recovery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:529-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Wang S, Kong L, Long J, Su M, Diao Z, Chang X, Chen D, Song G, Shih K. Adsorption of phosphorus by calcium-flour biochar: Isotherm, kinetic and transformation studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:666-672. [PMID: 29287274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Discharging phosphorus (P)-contaminated water directly into the aquatic environment leads to resource loss and eutrophication. Thus, removing P from waste streams is imperative. In this study, calcium-decorated biochar (Ca-BC) in different mass ratios of Ca to BC was designed to effectively adsorb P from solution. Ca-BC was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, followed by isotherm and kinetic adsorption experiments. The decorated Ca on the BC surface was found to have preferred P adsorption ability. A design of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to flour in a mass ratio of 2:1 was found to have a maximum adsorption capacity of 314.22 mg g-1 for P. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models fit the sorption process adequately. XRD analysis indicated that the preferable adsorption ability to P was due to the reaction of Ca(OH)2 and PO43-, forming the hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) crystal. The P in solution was transformed to the crystal. Thus, Ca-BC is an environmental friendly and low-cost sorbent for P removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, Guangzhou, 5100056, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Jianyou Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, Guangzhou, 5100056, PR China
| | - Minhua Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghui Diao
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, Guangzhou, 5100056, PR China
| | - Diyun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, Guangzhou, 5100056, PR China
| | - Gang Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive Contamination Control and Resources, Guangzhou, 5100056, PR China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Guan W, Sun G, Yin L, Zhang Z, Tian S. Ti 4O 7/g-C 3N 4 Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance on Hypophosphite Oxidation: Effect of Annealing Temperature. Front Chem 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 29546041 PMCID: PMC5837997 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of hypophosphite to phosphate is the key to recover the phosphorus resource from the hypophosphite wastewater. In the present work, Ti4O7/g-C3N4 composites were synthesized at two different temperatures (100 and 160°C) and their performance on photocatalytic oxidation of hypophosphite under visible light irradiation and the corresponding mechanism were evaluated. A hydrolysis method using g-C3N4 and Ti4O7 was applied to synthesize the Ti4O7/g-C3N4 composites with their hybrid structure and morphology confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The annealing temperature significantly affected the photocatalytic performance of Ti4O7/g-C3N4 that the 160-Ti4O7/g-C3N4 composite (fabricated at 160°C) showed the highest oxidation efficiency of hypophosphite of 81% and the highest photocatalytic oxidation rate of 0.467 h-1 comparing with the 100-Ti4O7/g-C3N4 composite (fabricated at 100°C) and pure g-C3N4. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of 160-Ti4O7/g-C3N4 could be ascribed to the effective charge separation and enhanced photoabsorption efficiency. Additionally, electron spin resonance (ESR) results showed that hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals were mainly responsible to the oxidation of hypophosphite with superoxide anion radicals accounting for a more significant contribution. Moreover, Ti4O7/g-C3N4 photocatalysts showed the remarkable stability in the repetitive experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Heibei Yinfa Meifute Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.,, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Research Institute of Environmental Engineering and Nano-Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Zhenghua Zhang
| | - Shichao Tian
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China,Shichao Tian
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17
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Chen D, Zhou J, Wang H, Yang K. Batch and fixed-bed column study for p-nitrophenol, methylene blue, and U(VI) removal by polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide macroporous hydrogel bead. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:91-100. [PMID: 29339607 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to explore effective and clean approaches for hazardous contamination removal from wastewaters. In this work, a novel bead adsorbent, polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide (PVA-GO) macroporous hydrogel bead was prepared as filter media for p-nitrophenol (PNP), dye methylene blue (MB), and heavy metal U(VI) removal from aqueous solution. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) on this bead. From batch experiments, the maximum adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) reached 347.87, 422.90, and 327.55 mg/g. From the fixed-bed column experiments, the adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) decreased with initial concentration increasing from 100 to 400 mg/L. The adsorption capacities of PNP, MB, and U(VI) decreased with increasing flow rate. Also, the maximum adsorption capacity of PNP decreased as pH increased from 3 to 9, while MB and U(VI) presented opposite tendencies. Furthermore, the bed depth service Time (BDST) model showed good linear relationships for the three ions' adsorption processes in this fixed-bed column, which indicated that the BDST model effectively evaluated and optimized the adsorption process of PVA-GO macroporous hydrogel bead in fixed-bed columns for hazardous contaminant removal from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China E-mail:
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18
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Chen X, Wang XC, Yang S. La(III) coagulated graphene oxide for phosphate binding: mechanism and behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2017.1333271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochang C. Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Shengjiong Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Architecture and Technology in Western China (XAUAT), Xi’an, P.R. China
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19
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Xiao X, Liu S, Zhang X, Zheng S. Phosphorus removal and recovery from secondary effluent in sewage treatment plant by magnetite mineral microparticles. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Shao Y, Chen H, Li Y, Xie S, Li B. Sintered metal fibers@carbon molecular sieve membrane (SMFs@CMSM) composites for the adsorptive removal of low concentration isopropanol. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structured fixed-bed adsorber based on SMF@CMSM adsorbents show enhanced mass transfer and 3 bed utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 52920
- PR China
| | - Huanhao Chen
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 52920
- PR China
| | - Shan Xie
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 52920
- PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 52920
- PR China
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