1
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Kadiri A, Fergoug T, Sebakhy KO, Bouhadda Y, Aribi R, Yssaad F, Daikh Z, El Hariri El Nokab M, Van Steenberge PHM. Insights into the Characterization of the Self-Assembly of Different Types of Amphiphilic Molecules Using Dynamic Light Scattering. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47714-47722. [PMID: 38144148 PMCID: PMC10734291 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecylsulfate, Triton X-100, and sulfobetaine surfactants in aqueous solutions was examined by dynamic light scattering, both in the presence and absence of 0.1 M NaCl salt, across various temperatures. For each surfactant, critical parameters, such as concentration and phase transition temperatures, of micelles were determined by monitoring changes in the hydrodynamic diameter with concentration and temperature. Additionally, we explored the self-assembly behavior of these surfactants when they are introduced alongside polystyrene nanoparticles. Our findings enabled the elucidation of surfactant molecule adsorption mechanisms onto polystyrene nanoparticle surfaces. Furthermore, by analyzing variations in the z-average diameter and zeta potential, we were able to establish the Krafft point, a parameter that remains imperceptible when polystyrene nanoparticles are absent from the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Kadiri
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Biological Interfaces, Mustapha Stambouli University, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Teffaha Fergoug
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Biological Interfaces, Mustapha Stambouli University, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Khaled O. Sebakhy
- Department
of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Chemical
Technology (LCT), University of Gent, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Youcef Bouhadda
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Biological Interfaces, Mustapha Stambouli University, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Rachida Aribi
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Biological Interfaces, Mustapha Stambouli University, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Fatima Yssaad
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Biological Interfaces, Mustapha Stambouli University, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Zineeddine Daikh
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Biological Interfaces, Mustapha Stambouli University, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Mustapha El Hariri El Nokab
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials (ZIAM), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9700, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Department
of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Chemical
Technology (LCT), University of Gent, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
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2
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Nguyen M, Shen K, Sherck N, Köhler S, Gupta R, Delaney KT, Shell MS, Fredrickson GH. A molecularly informed field-theoretic study of the complexation of polycation PDADMA with mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate and ethoxylated surfactants. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:75. [PMID: 37665423 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and phase separation of mixtures of polyelectrolytes and surfactants are important to a range of applications, from formulating personal care products to drug encapsulation. In contrast to systems of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, in polyelectrolyte-surfactant systems the surfactants micellize into structures that are highly responsive to solution conditions. In this work, we examine how the morphology of micelles and degree of polyelectrolyte adsorption dynamically change upon varying the mixing ratio of charged and neutral surfactants. Specifically, we consider a solution of the cationic polyelectrolyte polydiallyldimethylammonium, anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate, neutral ethoxylated surfactants (C[Formula: see text]EO[Formula: see text]), sodium chloride salt, and water. To capture the chemical specificity of these species, we leverage recent developments in constructing molecularly informed field theories via coarse-graining from all-atom simulations. Our results show how changing the surfactant mixing ratios and the identity of the nonionic surfactant modulates micelle size and surface charge, and as a result dictates the degree of polyelectrolyte adsorption. These results are in semi-quantitative agreement with experimental observations on the same system.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kevin Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | | | | | - Rohini Gupta
- California Research Alliance (CARA) by BASF, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kris T Delaney
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - M Scott Shell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Glenn H Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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3
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Tsarkova LA, Gurkov TD. Volatile surfactants: Characterization and areas of application. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Madinya JJ, Sing CE. Hybrid Field Theory and Particle Simulation Model of Polyelectrolyte–Surfactant Coacervation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Madinya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
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5
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Kwiatkowski AL, Molchanov VS, Kuklin AI, Orekhov AS, Arkharova NA, Philippova OE. Structural transformations of charged spherical surfactant micelles upon solubilization of water-insoluble polymer chains in salt-free aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Effect of head-group of cationic surfactants and structure of ionic groups of anionic polyelectrolyte in oppositely charged polymer-surfactant complexes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Study on the Interaction of Cationic Gemini Surfactant with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2020-2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, the interaction of the anionic polymer sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) with the two cationic gemini surfactant (C12-(EO)-E-C12 and C12-(EO)2-E-C12) has been investigated by surface tension and turbidity measurements. The co-adsorption of the polymer and the surfactants as well as the formation of highly surface-active polymer-surfactant complex was observed. By inserting the surface tension data into the Gibbs equation it could be shown that the surface layers of the mixed solutions have a multi-level adsorption structure. Comparing the critical adsorption concentration (C1), the critical saturation concentration (C2) and the critical micelle formation concentration (C3) of mixtures with different concentrations, it can be seen that all variables increase with the increase in polymer concentration. In addition, the inorganic salt (NaBr) greatly influences the C1, C2 and C3. The salt effects depend on the competition between the salt-enhancing effect and the salt-shielding effect.
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8
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Ofridam F, Lebaz N, Gagnière É, Mangin D, Elaissari A. Polymethylmethacrylate derivatives Eudragit
E100
and
L100
: Interactions and complexation with surfactants. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Ofridam
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon‐1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Noureddine Lebaz
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon‐1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Émilie Gagnière
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon‐1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Denis Mangin
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon‐1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon‐1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne France
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9
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Soboleva OA, Tsarkova LA. Surface Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Mixtures of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Linalool under Equilibrium and Dynamic Conditions. COLLOID JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x20040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Dielectric relaxation studies of collagen - surfactant complexes in aqueous buffer solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:215-223. [PMID: 31295481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric relaxation studies of rat tail tendon collagen with anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), cationic cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and nonionic Tween 80 in aqueous buffer solutions at four different temperatures have been carried out in the frequency range 1 GHz to 25 GHz using time domain dielectric spectroscopy. The frequency dependent normalized dielectric modulus function P of the collagen and surfactant solutions show up as peaks around 1-2 GHz which is due to the bound water around collagen macromolecule and surfactant micelles. For the collagen - surfactant complexes, the peak in normalized dielectric modulus function P is shifted towards high frequency side near 2-3 GHz upon addition of surfactants to collagen in buffer solution. The water structure around collagen is altered in the presence of micelle forming surfactant additives and this change may affect the degrees of freedom of their motion. Hence the significant changes are observed in the relaxation time of bound water around collagen macromolecule in the presence of surfactants. Further, it was observed that no considerable change in relaxation time of hydration water of the complexes with respect to change in temperature within the studied temperature range. The activation enthalpy and activation entropy for the dipolar orientation corresponding to the free water for the surfactants and their complexes with collagen have been calculated from the Arrhenius plot. Our thermodynamic results suggest that the two‑hydrogen-bonded model may be possible in SDS and Tween 80 environments, whereas the one‑hydrogen-bonded model is likely to be possible in buffer and CTAB environments.
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11
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Li P, Penfold J, Thomas RK, Xu H. Multilayers formed by polyelectrolyte-surfactant and related mixtures at the air-water interface. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:43-86. [PMID: 31029983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The structure and occurrence of multilayered adsorption at the air-water interface of surfactants in combination with other oppositely charged species is reviewed. The main species that trigger multilayer formation are multiply charged metal, oligo- and polyions. The structures vary from the attachment of one or two more or less complete surfactant bilayers to the initial surfactant monolayer at the air-water interface to the attachment of a greater number of bilayers with a more defective structure. The majority of the wide range of observations of such structures have been made using neutron reflectometry. The possible mechanisms for the attraction of surfactant bilayers to an air-water interface are discussed and particular attention is given to the question of whether these structures are true equilibrium structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Li
- STFC, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery Penfold
- STFC, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Thomas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Hui Xu
- KLK OLEO, Room 1603, 16th Floor, LZY Tower, 4711 Jiao Tong Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200331, China
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12
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Papadimitriou M, Avranas A. Surface tension studies of binary and ternary mixtures of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, ditetradecyldimethylammonium bromide and synperonic PE/F68. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1578664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Avranas
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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14
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Khan N, Brettmann B. Intermolecular Interactions in Polyelectrolyte and Surfactant Complexes in Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E51. [PMID: 30960035 PMCID: PMC6401804 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are an important class of polymeric materials and are increasingly used in complex industrial formulations. A core use of these materials is in mixtures with surfactants, where a combination of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions drives unique solution behavior and structure formation. In this review, we apply a molecular level perspective to the broad literature on polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes, discussing explicitly the hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction contributions to polyelectrolyte surfactant complexes (PESCs), as well as the interplay between the two molecular interaction types. These interactions are sensitive to a variety of solution conditions, such as pH, ionic strength, mixing procedure, charge density, etc. and these parameters can readily be used to control the concentration at which structures form as well as the type of structure in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Khan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Blair Brettmann
- Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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15
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Campbell RA, Saaka Y, Shao Y, Gerelli Y, Cubitt R, Nazaruk E, Matyszewska D, Lawrence MJ. Structure of surfactant and phospholipid monolayers at the air/water interface modeled from neutron reflectivity data. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 531:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Chat OA, Nazir N, Bhat PA, Hassan PA, Aswal VK, Dar AA. Aggregation and Rheological Behavior of the Lavender Oil-Pluronic P123 Microemulsions in Water-Ethanol Mixed Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1010-1019. [PMID: 29155597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lavender oil on aggregation characteristics of P123 in aqueous-ethanolic solutions is investigated systematically by DLS, SANS, and rheology. The solubilization capacity of the P123 based formulations toward Lavender oil increased by increasing P123 concentration. The study unveiled the importance of the short chain alcohol-ethanol, as solubilization enhancer. The apparent hydrodynamic radius (Rh) increased significantly with an increase in lavender oil concentration up to maximum oil solubilization capacity of the copolymer at a particular ethanol concentration. DLS measurements on 5, 10, and 15 wt% P123 in the presence of 25% ethanol revealed the presence of large-sized micellar clusters in addition to the oil swollen micelles. The core size (RC), radius of hard sphere (RHS), and aggregation number (N) obtained from SANS profiles showed considerable enhancement with the addition of lavender oil confirming penetration of oil inside the copolymer. Rheological studies showed that viscosity also increased significantly with the addition of lavender oil near the maximum loading limit of the P123 concentration. Quite interestingly, the sol-gel transition temperature displayed a strong dependence on both P123 as well as oil concentration and decreased almost linearly by increasing oil concentration. This study demonstrates the use of a biocompatible and temperature sensitive self-assembled P123 based formulation for lavender oil solubilization that can be beneficial in the cosmetic industry wherein controlled release of fragrances and so forth is demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyais Ahmad Chat
- Physical Chemistry Division. Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir , Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nighat Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce , Hawal, Srinagar-190002, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad Bhat
- Physical Chemistry Division. Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir , Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | | | | | - Aijaz Ahmad Dar
- Physical Chemistry Division. Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir , Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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17
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Murari GF, Penido JA, da Silva HM, Baêta BEL, de Aquino SF, de Lemos LR, Rodrigues GD, Mageste AB. Use of aqueous two-phase PEG-salt systems for the removal of anionic surfactant from effluents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:43-49. [PMID: 28448845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are synthetic anionic surfactants that are extensively used in many industries. As a result, large volumes of effluents containing high levels of these compounds are discharged into water bodies, causing risks to aquatic flora and fauna. Then, there is a need for environmentally safe and economically viable technologies for the removal of LAS from aqueous matrices. The present work evaluates the use of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of PEG and sulfate salts for this purpose, considering the effects of tie line length (TLL), molar mass of polymer, and type of cation-forming salt on the partitioning behavior of LAS. All the LAS partition coefficient (KLAS) values were greater than unity, and the LAS extraction efficiencies (%ELAS) were higher than 97%. The system consisting of PEG 1500 + (NH4)2SO4 + H2O provided the highest KLAS (1083.34) and %ELAS (99.9%), indicating that the method provided good extraction of LAS to the top phase. This system was applied using a real effluent sample in laboratory-scale experiments as well as in bench-scale batch trials. The results obtained at the laboratory scale showed %ELAS values greater than 98%, while the best KLAS value obtained in the batch experiments was 8.50 (±1.75) (%ELAS = 78.17%). These values demonstrated the potential of ATPS for the removal of LAS from industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Frade Murari
- Departamento de Química, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jussara Alves Penido
- Departamento de Química, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Eduardo Lôbo Baêta
- Departamento de Química, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Rodrigues de Lemos
- Departamento de Química, FACET, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dias Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Barbosa Mageste
- Departamento de Química, ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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18
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Penfold J, Thomas R, Bradbury R, Tucker I, Petkov J, Jones C, Webster J. Probing the surface of aqueous surfactant-perfume mixed solutions during perfume evaporation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Bradbury R, Penfold J, Thomas RK, Tucker IM, Petkov JT, Jones C. Enhanced perfume surface delivery to interfaces using surfactant surface multilayer structures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 461:352-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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