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Fan K, Zhou S, Xie L, Jia S, Zhao L, Liu X, Liang K, Jiang L, Kong B. Interfacial Assembly of 2D Graphene-Derived Ion Channels for Water-Based Green Energy Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307849. [PMID: 37873917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of sustained and green energy is believed to alleviate increasing menace of global environmental concerns and energy dilemma. Interfacial assembly of 2D graphene-derived ion channels (2D-GDICs) with tunable ion/fluid transport behavior enables efficient harvesting of renewable green energy from ubiquitous water, especially for osmotic energy harvesting. In this review, various interfacial assembly strategies for fabricating diverse 2D-GDICs are summarized and their ion transport properties are discussed. This review analyzes how particular structure and charge density/distribution of 2D-GDIC can be modulated to minimize internal resistance of ion/fluid transport and enhance energy conversion efficiency, and highlights stimuli-responsive functions and stability of 2D-GDIC and further examines the possibility of integrating 2D-GDIC with other energy conversion systems. Notably, the presented preparation and applications of 2D-GDIC also inspire and guide other 2D materials to fabricate sophisticated ion channels for targeted applications. Finally, potential challenges in this field is analyzed and a prospect to future developments toward high-performance or large-scale real-word applications is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fan
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shenli Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
- Shandong Research Institute, Fudan University, Shandong, 250103, China
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Abazari R, Sanati S, Li N, Qian J. Fluorinated Metal-Organic Frameworks with Dual-Functionalized Linkers to Enhance Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution and High Water Adsorption. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18680-18688. [PMID: 37907390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic H2 evolution has recently attracted much attention due to the reduction of nonrenewable energy sources and the increasing demand for renewable sustainable energies. Meanwhile, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging potential photocatalysts due to their structural adaptability, porous configuration, several active sites, and a wide range of performance. Nevertheless, there are still limitations in the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction of MOFs with higher charge recombination rates. Herein, a copper-organic framework with dual-functionalized linkers {[Cu2(L)(H2O)2]·(5DMF)(4H2O)}n (fluorinated MOF(Cu)-NH2; H4L = 3,5-bis(2,4-dicarboxylic acid)-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline) and with a rare 2-nodal 4,12-connected shp topology has been synthesized by a ligand-functionalization strategy and evaluated for the photocatalytic production of H2 to overcome this issue. According to the photocatalytic H2 evolution results, fluorinated MOF(Cu)-NH2 showed a hydrogen evolution rate of 63.64 mmol·g-1·h-1 exposed to light irradiation, indicating values 12 times that of the pure ligand when cocatalyst Pt and photosensitizer Rhodamine B were present. In addition, this MOF showed a maximum water absorption of 205 cm3·g-1. When dual-functionalized linkers are introduced to the structure of this MOF, its visible-light absorption increases considerably, which can be associated with nearly narrower energy band gaps (2.18 eV). More importantly, this MOF contributes to water absorption and electron collection and transport, acting as a bridge that helps to separate and transfer photogenerated charges while shortening the electron migration path because of the functional group in its configuration. The current paper seeks to shed light on the design of advanced visible-light photocatalysts with no MOF calcination for H2 photocatalytic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abazari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Soheila Sanati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325035, PR China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325035, PR China
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Min Park J, Lim S, Park H, Kim D, Cha GY, Jo D, Ho Cho K, Woong Yoon J, Lee SK, Lee UH. CO2 capture performance of fluorinated porous carbon composite derived from a zinc-perfluoro metal-organic framework. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Li Y, Chen T, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang X. Simultaneously enhance dielectric strength and reduce dielectric loss of polyimide by compositing reactive fluorinated graphene filler. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Multigraphene Prepared by One-Pot Pyrolysis of Diatomite/Polypropylene Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multigraphene was prepared via a one-pot pyrolysis method using polypropylene (PP) as the carbon source and diatomite (DM) as the catalyst. The obtained graphene had 4–6 layers and a D/G intensity ratio of 0.70 and a 2D/G intensity ratio of 0.72, indicating a high degree of graphitization. When the pyrolysis temperature was higher than 850 °C under argon, the graphene yield was greatly dependent on the DM content. The highest graphene yield of 25.86% was obtained by pyrolysis of PP with 30 wt.% DM at the temperature of 1000 °C. A catalytic effect of DM and infusible cross-linking structure formation were proposed to explain the possible mechanism of graphene growth during the pyrolysis of the DM/PP composites.
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Chen X, Fan K, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu X, Feng W, Wang X. Recent Advances in Fluorinated Graphene from Synthesis to Applications: Critical Review on Functional Chemistry and Structure Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101665. [PMID: 34658081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated graphene (FG), as an emerging member of the graphene derivatives family, has attracted wide attention on account of its excellent performances and underlying applications. The introduction of a fluorine atom, with the strongest electronegativity (3.98), greatly changes the electron distribution of graphene, resulting in a series of unique variations in optical, electronic, magnetic, interfacial properties and so on. Herein, recent advances in the study of FG from synthesis to applications are introduced, and the relationship between its structure and properties is summarized in detail. Especially, the functional chemistry of FG has been thoroughly analyzed in recent years, which has opened a universal route for the functionalization and even multifunctionalization of FG toward various graphene derivatives, which further broadens its applications. Moreover, from a particular angle, the structure engineering of FG such as the distribution pattern of fluorine atoms and the regulation of interlayer structure when advanced nanotechnology gets involved is summarized. Notably, the elaborated structure engineering of FG is the key factor to optimize the corresponding properties for potential applications, and is also an up-to-date research hotspot and future development direction. Finally, perspectives and prospects for the problems and challenges in the study of FG are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kun Fan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Tan J, Ma C, Luo S, Li W, Liu S. Hierarchical porous graphene oxide/carbon foam nanocomposites derived from larch for enhanced CO2 capture and energy storage performance. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Bafekry A, Ghergherehchi M, Farjami Shayesteh S, Peeters F. Adsorption of molecules on C3N nanosheet: A first-principles calculations. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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10
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Luo L, Wu H, Liu Y, Huang J, Liu X. Synergistic “Anchor” Effect of Carbon Nanotubes and Silica: A Facile and Efficient Double-Nanocomposite System To Reinforce High-Performance Polyimide Fibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hang Wu
- Beijing Special Vehicle Institute, Beijing 100072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jieyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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11
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Lai W, Wang C, Chen Y, He T, Fan K, Liu X, Wang X. In Situ Radical Polymerization and Grafting Reaction Simultaneously Initiated by Fluorinated Graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6610-6619. [PMID: 31038966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated graphene (FG) showed interesting electrochemical, electronic, and mechanical properties, as well as chemical reactivity for multifarious functionalization of graphene material. This work reported a free radical polymerization and grafting from polymerization of a styrene monomer directly initiated by FG, which simultaneously provided free polymers and functionalized graphene with polymer chains grafted. The FG exhibited an almost comparative initiation efficiency to equivalent commercial initiator azodiisobutyronitrile under similar conditions, resulting in a high yield of free polystyrene (40.9%) with a high molecular weight ( Mn = 114.7 kg/mol). It was demonstrated that FG-triggered polymerization presented some special characteristics, such as a long lifetime of chain radical centers even when the reaction was stopped and insensitivity to oxygen molecules. The mechanistic study indicated that the polymerization was initiated by single-electron transfer reaction between FG and a monomer leading to formation of primary radicals; in addition, FG also played an important role in chain transfer and termination reactions during the polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Lab of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials , Dongyue Polymer Material Company of Dongyue Federation , Zibo , Shandong 256401 , P. R. China
| | - Taijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Kun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , P. R. China
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12
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Annenkov MR, Lvova NA, Popkov DO. Interaction between Fluorine and Graphene Vacancy Defects. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Smith RS, Kay BD. Desorption Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide from a Graphene-Covered Pt(111) Surface. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3248-3254. [PMID: 30913386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with a graphene-covered Pt(111) surface was investigated using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). The TPD spectra show monolayer and multilayer desorption peaks; however, the multilayer peak is not well-separated from the monolayer peak. The TPD spectra for submonolayer and multilayer coverages align on separate common leading edges. This alignment is a signature of zero-order desorption kinetics. The RAIRS spectra for submonolayer coverages have a relatively sharp peak at ∼2350 cm-1, which is assigned to the ν3 asymmetric stretch. The peak is observed at the onset of CO2 adsorption, and the area of the peak increases linearly with coverage. This suggests that CO2 does not lie flat on the surface but instead has a component of its bond axis perpendicular to the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Smith
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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Wang Y, Wang J, Ma C, Qiao W, Ling L. Fabrication of hierarchical carbon nanosheet-based networks for physical and chemical adsorption of CO2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 534:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Adsorption of CO2 on sodium iodide (NaI)n (n ≤ 10) clusters: A density functional theory investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Huang B, Li Y, Lai W, Wang X, Liu X. Low temperature preparation of highly fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes activated by Fe 3O 4 to enhance microwave absorbing property. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365703. [PMID: 29889048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacbae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional approaches to preparing highly fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) always require a high temperature. This paper presents a catalytic approach to realizing the effective fluorination of MWNCTs at room temperature (RT). Fe3O4/MWCNTs composites with Fe3O4 loaded on MWCNTs were first prepared using the solvothermal method, followed by fluorination treatment at RT. The attachment of Fe3O4 changes the charge distribution and dramatically improves the fluorination activity of MWCNTs. Consequently, the fluorine content of fluorinated Fe3O4/MWCNTs (F-Fe3O4/MWCNTs) can reach up to 17.13 at% (almost six times that of the unloaded sample) only after fluorination at room temperature, which leads to an obvious decrease in permittivity. Besides, the partial fluorination of Fe3O4 brings about abnormally enhanced permeability due to strengthened exchange resonance. Benefiting from the lower permittivity and higher permeability, F-Fe3O4/CNTs composite exhibits increased impedance matching and thus an enhanced microwave absorption property with a minimal reflection loss of -45 dB at 2.61 mm when the filler content is 13 wt%. The efficient absorption bandwidth (<-10 dB) reaches 4.1 GHz when the thickness is 2.5 mm. This work illustrates a novel catalytic approach to preparing highly fluorinated MWCNTs as promising microwave absorbers, and the design concept can also be extended to the fluorination of other carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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17
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Szczęśniak B, Choma J, Jaroniec M. Gas adsorption properties of hybrid graphene-MOF materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 514:801-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Yang RL, Zheng YP, Wang TY, Li PP, Wang YD, Yao DD, Chen LX. Solvent-free nanofluid with three structure models based on the composition of a MWCNT/SiO 2 core and its adsorption capacity of CO 2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:035704. [PMID: 29243671 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9d11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of core/shell nanoparticle organic/inorganic hybrid materials (NOHMs) with different weight ratios of two components, consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the core were synthesized. The NOHMs display a liquid-like state in the absence of solvent at room temperature. Five NOHMs were categorized into three kinds of structure states based on different weight ratio of two components in the core, named the power strip model, the critical model and the collapse model. The capture capacities of these NOHMs for CO2 were investigated at 298 K and CO2 pressures ranging from 0 to 5 MPa. Compared with NOHMs having a neat MWCNT core, it was revealed that NOHMs with the power strip model show better adsorption capacity toward CO2 due to its lower viscosity and more reactive groups that can react with CO2. In addition, the capture capacities of NOHMs with the critical model were relatively worse than the neat MWCNT-based NOHM. The result is attributed to the aggregation of SiO2 in these samples, which may cause the consumption and hindrance of reactive groups. However, the capture capacity of NOHMs with the collapse model was the worst of all the NOHMs, owing to its lowest content of reactive groups and hollow structure in MWCNTs. In addition, they presented non-interference of MWCNTs and SiO2 without aggregation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Yang
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
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Lai W, Yuan Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu X. Radical mechanism of a nucleophilic reaction depending on a two-dimensional structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 20:489-497. [PMID: 29214274 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution deserves more investigation to include more reaction systems such as two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this study, we used fluorinated graphene (FG) as a representative 2D material to reveal the in-depth mechanism of its defluorination and nucleophilic substitution reaction under attack of common nucleophiles to explore the chemistry of 2D materials and enrich the research on the nucleophilic substitution reaction. DFT calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) demonstrated that defluorination of FG occurred via a radical mechanism after a single electron transfer (SET) reaction between the nucleophile and C-F bond, and a spin center was generated on the nanosheet and fluorine anion. Moreover, neither the SN1 nor SN2 mechanism was suggested to be appropriate for the substitution reaction of FG with a 2D structure due to the corresponding kinetics or thermodynamics disadvantage; hence, its nucleophilic substitution was proved to occur via a radical mechanism initiated by the defluorination step. The proposed substitution mechanism of FG demonstrates that nucleophilic substitution via a radical mechanism can also be applied to the attacking process of common nucleophiles without any particular conditions. Furthermore, it has been discovered that triethylamine without active hydrogen can be covalently attached to graphene nanosheets via a nucleophilic substitution reaction with FG; this further indicates a radical process for the nucleophilic substitution of FG rather than an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. The detailed process of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of FG was revealed to occur via a radical mechanism depending on the 2D structure of FG, which could also represent the typical characteristic of 2D chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Lai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Chiang YC, Hsu WL, Lin SY, Juang RS. Enhanced CO₂ Adsorption on Activated Carbon Fibers Grafted with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10050511. [PMID: 28772870 PMCID: PMC5459067 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, multiscale composites formed by grafting N-doped carbon nanotubes (CNs) on the surface of polyamide (PAN)-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were investigated and their adsorption performance for CO₂ was determined. The spaghetti-like and randomly oriented CNs were homogeneously grown onto ACFs. The pre-immersion of cobalt(II) ions for ACFs made the CNs grow above with a large pore size distribution, decreased the oxidation resistance, and exhibited different predominant N-functionalities after chemical vapor deposition processes. Specifically, the CNs grafted on ACFs with or without pre-immersion of cobalt(II) ions were characterized by the pyridine-like structures of six-member rings or pyrrolic/amine moieties, respectively. In addition, the loss of microporosity on the specific surface area and pore volume exceeded the gain from the generation of the defects from CNs. The adsorption capacity of CO₂ decreased gradually with increasing temperature, implying that CO₂ adsorption was exothermic. The adsorption capacities of CO₂ at 25 °C and 1 atm were between 1.53 and 1.92 mmol/g and the Freundlich equation fit the adsorption data well. The isosteric enthalpy of adsorption, implying physical adsorption, indicated that the growth of CNTs on the ACFs benefit CO₂ adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan.
- Fuel Cell Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lien Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yu Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hwa Hsia Institute of Technology, Chung-Ho, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
| | - Ruey-Shin Juang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan.
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21
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Surface modifications of carbonaceous materials for carbon dioxide adsorption: A review. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Lai W, Xu D, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu X. Defluorination and covalent grafting of fluorinated graphene with TEMPO in a radical mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24076-24081. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The work innovatively reveals the radical mechanism of derivative reactions of fluorinated graphene including its defluorination and covalent grafting, meanwhile first confirming the destination of deciduous fluorine atoms after defluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Lai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhou Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoming Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| |
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