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Wu Z, Lv S, Xiao P, Yin X, Cheng H, Li H, Sun J, Ye X, Huang M, Zheng F, Sun B. Optimisation and characterisation of KOH-activated carbon obtained from Baijiu spent grains for the mitigation of risk factors in alcoholic beverages. Food Chem 2024; 452:139604. [PMID: 38749139 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to repurpose waste grain from the Baijiu brewing process into activated carbon for mitigating risk factors in alcoholic beverages, enhancing quality and ensuring safety. For attaining the most effective activated carbon, tailored carbon synthesis conditions were identified for diverse alcoholic beverages, optimising strategies. For beverages with low flavour compound content, optimal conditions include 900 °C calcination, 16-hour activation and a 1:2 activation ratio. In contrast, for those with abundant flavour compounds, 800 °C calcination, 16-hour activation and a 1:1 activation ratio are recommended. Post-synthesis analyses, employing nitrogen physisorption-desorption isotherms, FT-IR and SEM, validated a significant BET surface area of 244.871 m2/g for the KOH-activated carbon. Critical to adsorption efficiency, calcination temperature showcased noteworthy micro-porosity (0.8-1 nm), selectively adsorbing higher alcohols (C3-C6) and acetaldehyde while minimising acid and ester adsorption. Sensory evaluations refined optimal parameters, ensuring efficient spent grain management and heightened beverage safety without compromising aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Silei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuxiu Yin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hehe Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Borisova AS, Virkkala T, Pylkkänen R, Kellock M, Mohammadi P. Toughening brittle kraft lignin coating on mismatched substrate with spider Silk-Inspired protein as an interfacial modulator. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:789-799. [PMID: 37976752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Current production of functional coatings majorly relies on petrochemical formulations. While they have provided substantial benefits, their fabrication processes as well as their disposal created widespread ecological catastrophes. Thus, there is a pressing demand and calls for a radical transformation to develop sustainable solutions by using renewable building blocks. Herein, we report on a novel coating formulation by combining largely undervalued kraft lignin from the forest industry, with genetically engineered and recombinantly produced spider silk-inspired protein through the industrial biotechnology platform. Unmodified kraft lignin was used as the main bulk component in the coating given its abundance and low cost. The nanometer-thin spider silk-inspired protein (SSIP) was used as a primary layer exhibiting dual functionalities: (i) modulating the mechanical properties of inherently brittle kraft lignin, (ii) substantially increasing the interfacial binding of kraft lignin to the underlying rigid silica substrate with the mismatched physicochemical properties. Our findings demonstrate how synergistic interplay components could result in scalable and durable functional coatings which could potentially be used in various medical and industrial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Borisova
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - Tuuli Virkkala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Robert Pylkkänen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044 VTT, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Miriam Kellock
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044 VTT, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
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3
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Kwiatkowski M, Belver C, Bedia J. Effect of synthesis conditions on the porous texture of activated carbons obtained from Tara Rubber by FeCl 3 activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2266. [PMID: 38280927 PMCID: PMC10821929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an unique analysis of the influence of the mass ratio of activator FeCl3 to precursor and the temperature of the activation process on the formation of the porous structure of activated carbons obtained from Tara Rubber by FeCl3 activation. The study used the new numerical clustering based adsorption analysis method and the quenched solid density functional theory, taking into account, among other things, the heterogeneity of the analysed surface which is a new approach rarely used in the analysis of the porous structure of adsorbents. On the basis of the calculation results, it was concluded that the activated carbon with the most developed porous texture was obtained at a mass ratio (FeCl3:Tara Rubber) of 2, at an activation process temperature of 800 °C. This activated carbon is also characterised by the lowest degree of surface heterogeneity and at the same time, however, the widest range of micropores compared to activated carbons obtained at other mass ratios. The analyses carried out further demonstrated the valuable and complementary information obtained from the structure analysis methods and their high utility in practical applications, especially in the development of new industrial technologies for the production of adsorbents and the selection of optimal conditions for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kwiatkowski
- Department of Fuel Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, al. Adama Mickiewicza, 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Carolina Belver
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bedia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Nandi R, Jha MK, Guchhait SK, Sutradhar D, Yadav S. Impact of KOH Activation on Rice Husk Derived Porous Activated Carbon for Carbon Capture at Flue Gas alike Temperatures with High CO 2/N 2 Selectivity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4802-4812. [PMID: 36777600 PMCID: PMC9910064 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free porous activated carbon is an effective alternative to capture CO2 due to its high surface area and textural advantages. In this regard, the present research work explores a suitable method for producing activated porous carbon with a high specific surface area through a two-step reaction involving rice husk and KOH at 600 °C for 1 h to capture CO2. By varying the ratio of rice husk biomass to KOH, the texture and specific surface area of the activated porous carbon has been altered. A high surface area of ∼755 m2/g and a micropore volume of 0.243 cm3/g have been observed in the porous carbon produced with a KOH/biomass weight ratio of 3 (PAC2). Nitrogen contents in PAC1 and PAC2 were approximately 2.27 and 2.71 atom %, respectively. When compared with other materials, PAC2 has the highest CO2 adsorption capability, reaching up to 3.13 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1.55 mmol/g at 50 °C. The isosteric heat of adsorption confirms the presence of both physisorption and chemisorption. The materials turn out to be highly CO2/N2 selective, with the highest selectivity of 131, proving that the samples are potential materials for capturing CO2 from flue gases. These findings unequivocally show that porous activated carbon can be used to make CO2 adsorption efficient, inexpensive, and, more importantly, extremely effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Nandi
- Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar144011, India
- Sardar
Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala144601, India
| | | | | | - Debanjan Sutradhar
- Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar144011, India
- Sardar
Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala144601, India
| | - Shashikant Yadav
- Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar144011, India
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5
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Kwiatkowski M, Hu X, Pastuszyński P. Analysis of the Influence of Activated Carbons' Production Conditions on the Porous Structure Formation on the Basis of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Isotherms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7939. [PMID: 36431425 PMCID: PMC9694499 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The results of a study of the impact of activation temperature and the mass ratio of the activator to the carbonised precursor on the porous structure of nitrogen-doped activated carbons obtained from lotus leaves by carbonisation and chemical activation with sodium amide (NaNH2) are presented. The analyses were carried out via the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, the Dubinin-Raduskevich, and the density functional theory methods applied to carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms. Carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms' analysis provided much more detailed and reliable information about the pore structure analysed. The analyses showed that the surface area of the analysed activated carbons is strongly heterogeneous, but the analysed activated carbons are characterised by a bimodal pore structure, i.e., peaks are clearly visible, first in the range of pore size from about 0.6 to 2.0 nm and second in the range from about 2.0 to 4.0 nm. This pore structure provides optimal adsorption performance of carbon dioxide molecules in the pore structure both for adsorption at atmospheric pressure, which requires the presence of narrow pores for the highest packing density, as well as for adsorption at higher pressures, which requires the presence of large micropores and small mesopores. However, there are no micropores smaller than 0.5 nm in the analysed activated carbons, which precludes their use for carbon dioxide adsorption for processes conducted at pressures less than 0.01 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Piotr Pastuszyński
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Mathematical analysis of the effect of process conditions on the porous structure development of activated carbons derived from Pine cones. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15301. [PMID: 36096909 PMCID: PMC9468022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the influence of the degree of impregnation and activation temperature on the formation of the porous structure of activated carbons (ACs) obtained from Pine cones by the chemical activation process using potassium hydroxide as an activator. The advanced new numerical clustering based adsorption analysis (LBET) method, together with the implemented unique numerical procedure for the fast multivariant identification were applied to nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms determined for porous structure characterization of the ACs. Moreover, the Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory (QSDFT) method was chosen to determine pore size distributions. The results showed a significant influence of the primary structure of Pine cones on the formation of the porous structure of the developed ACs. Among others, it was evidenced by a very high degree of surface heterogeneity of all the obtained ACs, irrespective of the degree of impregnation with potassium hydroxide and the activation temperature. Moreover, the analysis of carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms showed, that the porous structure of the studied ACs samples contains micropores accessible only to carbon dioxide molecules. The results also showed a significant advantage of the LBET method over those conventionally used for porous structure analysis based on Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Raduskevich (DR) equations, because it takes into account surface heterogeneities. The novel analyses methods were more fully validated as a reliable characterization tool, by extending their application to the isotherms for ACs developed from the same precursor by phosphoric acid activation, and for samples arising from these ACs, further subjected to additional post-treatments. The effect of the raw material used as precursor was moreover analysed by comparison with previous reported results for other ACs. The complementarity of the results obtained with the LBET and QSDFT methods is also noteworthy, resulting in a more complete and reliable picture of the analyzed porous structures.
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7
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Kwiatkowski M, Broniek E. Computer Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Various Biomass Materials by Chemical Activation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154121. [PMID: 34361315 PMCID: PMC8347788 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the preparation of activated carbons from various materials of biomass origin by activation with potassium hydroxide and a comprehensive computer analysis of their porous structure and adsorption properties based on benzene (C6H6) adsorption isotherms were carried out. In particular, the influence of the mass ratio of the activator’s dry mass to the char mass on the formation of the microporous structure of the obtained activated carbons was analysed. The summary of the analyses carried out based on benzene adsorption isotherms begged the conclusion that activated carbon with a maximum adsorption volume in the first adsorbed layer and homogeneous surface can be obtained from ebony wood at a mass ratio of the activator to the char of R = 3. The obtained results confirmed the superiority of the new numerical-clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method over simple methods of porous structure analysis, such as the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Raduskevich (DR) methods. The LBET method is particularly useful in the evaluation of the influence of the methods and conditions of production of activated carbons on the formation of their porous structure. This method, together with an appropriate economic analysis, can help in the precise selection of methods and conditions for the process of obtaining activated carbons at specific manufacturing costs, and thus makes it possible to obtain materials that can successfully compete with those of other technologies used in industrial practice and everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kwiatkowski
- Department of Fuel Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-617-41-73
| | - Elżbieta Broniek
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Fuels, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Gdańska 7/9, 50-344 Wrocław, Poland;
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An Evaluation of the Impact of the Amount of Potassium Hydroxide on the Porous Structure Development of Activated Carbons. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14082045. [PMID: 33921626 PMCID: PMC8073333 DOI: 10.3390/ma14082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the impact of the amount of potassium hydroxide on the obtained porous structure of the activated carbons derived from the shells of pistachios, hazelnuts, and pecans by carbonization and subsequent chemical activation with potassium hydroxide by different adsorption methods: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Dubinin–Raduskevich, the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis, Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory, and 2D-Non-linear Density Functional Theory for Heterogeneous Surfaces, applied to nitrogen adsorption isotherms at −196 °C. Based on the conducted research, a significant potential for the production of activated carbons from waste materials, such as nut shells, has been demonstrated. All the activated carbons obtained in the present study at the activator/char mass ratio R = 4 exhibited the most developed porous structure, and thus very good adsorption properties. However, activated carbons obtained from pecan shells deserve special attention, as they were characterized by the most homogeneous surface among all the samples analyzed, i.e., by a very desirable feature in most adsorption processes. The paper demonstrates the necessity of using different methods to analyze the porous structure of activated carbons in order to obtain a complete picture of the studied texture. This is because only a full spectrum of information allows for correctly selecting the appropriate technology and conditions for the production of activated carbons dedicated to specific industrial applications. As shown in this work, relying only on the simplest methods of adsorption isotherm analysis can lead to erroneous conclusions due to lack of complete information on the analyzed porous structure. This work thus also explains how and why the usual characterizations of the porous structure of activated carbons derived from lignocellulosic biomass should not be taken at face value. On the contrary, it is advisable to cross reference several models to get a precise idea of the adsorbent properties of these materials, and therefore to propose the most suitable production technology, as well as the conditions of the preparation process.
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9
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Cao KLA, Rahmatika AM, Kitamoto Y, Nguyen MTT, Ogi T. Controllable synthesis of spherical carbon particles transition from dense to hollow structure derived from Kraft lignin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 589:252-263. [PMID: 33460856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tailored synthesis of carbon particles with controllable shapes and structures from biomass as a raw material would be highly beneficial to meet the demands of various applications of carbon materials from the viewpoint of sustainable development goals. In this work, the spherical carbon particles were successfully synthesized through a spray drying method followed by the carbonization process, using Kraft lignin as the carbon source and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activation agent. As the results, the proposed method successfully controlled the shape and structure of the carbon particles from dense to hollow by adjusting the KOH concentration. Especially, this study represents the first demonstration that KOH plays a crucial role in the formation of particles with good sphericity and dense structures. In addition, to obtain an in-depth understanding of the particle formation of carbon particles, a possible mechanism is also investigated in this article. The resulting spherical carbon particles exhibited dense structures with a specific surface area (1233 m2g-1) and tap density (1.46 g cm-3) superior to those of irregular shape carbon particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet Le Anh Cao
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Annie Mufyda Rahmatika
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Veterinary, Vocational School, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Unit 1 Catur Tunggal, Depok Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yasuhiko Kitamoto
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72711, Viet Nam
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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An Evaluation of the Reliability of the Results Obtained by the LBET, QSDFT, BET, and DR Methods for the Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183929. [PMID: 32899491 PMCID: PMC7576490 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the activator to the product of carbonized materials mass ratio on the porous structure of activated carbons prepared from mahogany, ebony, and hornbeam wood by carbonization and chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The analyses were carried out on nitrogen adsorption isotherms using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Dubinin-Radushkevitch (DR), and Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory (QSDFT) methods, as well as the numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method. The activated carbons with the best adsorption properties and homogeneous surfaces were prepared at a mass ratio of R = 3. The analyses suggest the significant potential of producing adsorbents characterized by a large surface area and adsorptive capacity from raw materials such as mahogany, ebony, and hornbeam wood. The analyses in question also included an evaluation of the usability and reliability of the results obtained with the employed methods of structural analysis. Particular focus was placed on the limitations of adsorption models and on critically analyzing the output data. Our study shows the unique advantages of the LBET method compared to the other methods used. The LBET method allowed us, for example, to determine the degree of heterogeneity of the surface of the studied activated carbons and the shape of the clusters of adsorbate molecules formed in the pores of the studied material, as well as obtain information about the distribution of adsorption energy on the first adsorbed layer. This study also demonstrates the limitations of the methods used and the necessity to use LBET and QSDFT methods simultaneously for porous structural analysis. The simultaneous analysis of the adsorption isotherms via the LBET and the QSDFT methods makes it possible to choose the optimal preparation conditions while considering the properties of the original raw material. The analyses also suggest the complementary character of the employed methods and the scope of the useful and reliable information that can be obtained with these methods.
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11
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Confrontation of various adsorption models for assessing the porous structure of activated carbons. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Yokoyama JTC, Cazetta AL, Bedin KC, Spessato L, Fonseca JM, Carraro PS, Ronix A, Silva MC, Silva TL, Almeida VC. Stevia residue as new precursor of CO 2-activated carbon: Optimization of preparation condition and adsorption study of triclosan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:403-410. [PMID: 30735972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the preparation of CO2-activated carbon (AC) using Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) residue as a new carbon precursor. The experimental parameters were optimized via chemometrics tools to obtain an AC with high BET surface area (SBET). The found optimum condition was: activation temperature of 900 °C, CO2 flow of 165 cm3 g-1 and activation time of 60 min, providing an ACop with SBET of 874 m2 g-1. The ACop was characterized from several analytical techniques, which showed that it has heterogeneous morphology features and different surface chemical groups, predominating the acidic character. The adsorption performance of ACop for triclosan (TCS) removal from solution was investigated by kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. The results showed that TCS adsorption process onto ACop is spontaneous and endothermic, wherein the mechanism occurs by different steps, which equally play important roles. Additionally, the monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) was found to be 117.00 mg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica T C Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - André L Cazetta
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karen C Bedin
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Spessato
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jhessica M Fonseca
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Carraro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ronix
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcela C Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taís L Silva
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, 635 Marcílio Dias Street, Apucarana, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vitor C Almeida
- Laboratory of Environmental and Agrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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13
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Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Biodegradable film for Co2 Capture Applications. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work for the fi rst time, activated carbons were prepared from carboxymethyl fi lm (low-cost carboxymethyl fi lm waste), using chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K, XRD, SEM methods. The high values of the specifi c surface area and total pore volume were achieved and were equal to 2064 m2/g and 1.188 cm3/g, respectively. Waste from the fi lm can be immediately utilized without CO2 production. This is the environmentally friendly way of waste utilization. Through this process, we can protect our environment. This study showed that the activated carbon obtained from carboxymethyl fi lm waste can be used as a good adsorbent for CO2 adsorption.
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14
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Moura FCC, Rios RDF, Galvão BRL. Emerging contaminants removal by granular activated carbon obtained from residual Macauba biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:26482-26492. [PMID: 29987469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of emergent contaminants via adsorption on granular activated carbon, prepared from Macauba palm, has been studied, contributing to the recovery of the residual biomass, endocarp, obtained in the Macauba palm oil extraction process. The material was characterized by different techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, adsorption/desorption of N2, zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy. The N2 adsorption studies showed that the material presents wide micropores and narrow mesopores, and has a surface area of 907.0 m2 g-1. Its maximum adsorption capacity towards the three main emerging contaminants (bisphenol A, ethinylestradiol, and amoxicillin) is much higher than that obtained with benchmark adsorbents (0.148, 0.104, and 0.072 mmol g-1, respectively). The influence of temperature and pH on the adsorption was also analyzed, allowing an improved description of the adsorption mechanism and showing very promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C C Moura
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Regiane D F Rios
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Breno R L Galvão
- Departamento de Química, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG, Av. Amazonas 5253, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30421-169, Brazil
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15
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Kwiatkowski M, Broniek E. An analysis of the porous structure of activated carbons obtained from hazelnut shells by various physical and chemical methods of activation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lu T, Zhu Y, Qi Y, Wang W, Wang A. Magnetic chitosan-based adsorbent prepared via Pickering high internal phase emulsion for high-efficient removal of antibiotics. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:870-877. [PMID: 28834703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic chitosan-g-poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (CTS-g-AMPS) porous adsorbent was prepared by grafting the AMPS onto the CTS in the Fe3O4 stabilized Pickering high internal phase emulsions (Pickering-HIPEs) and used for the adsorptive removal of the antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and chlorotetracycline (CTC). The results of the structure characterization showed that porous structure of the adsorbent can be tuned easily by altering amount of Fe3O4-MNPs-M and the electrostatic attraction of between SO3- and CTC, TC was the main adsorption driving force. The adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for TC and CTC can be reached to 806.60 and 876.60mg/g in a wide pH ranged from 3.0 to 11.0, respectively. And the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 90min for TC and 50min for CTC. The magnetic porous adsorbent had good reusability, which can still attain a high adsorption capacity of 759.82 and 842.99mg/g for TC and CTC after five consecutive adsorption cycles, respectively. Therefore, the as-prepared CTS-g-AMPS magnetic adsorbent is potential to be used for adsorption removal of antibiotics from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Lu
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road 18, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Zhu
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road 18, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yanxing Qi
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road 18, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road 18, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianshui Middle Road 18, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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17
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Kwiatkowski M, Hameed BH. An evaluation of the reliability of the characterization of the porous structure of activated carbons based on incomplete nitrogen adsorption isotherms. J Mol Model 2017; 23:238. [PMID: 28735499 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of research devoted to reliability evaluation of the analysis of results of the porous structure of activated carbons based on incomplete nitrogen adsorption isotherms using the BET, t-plot, and NLDFT methods, as well as the LBET method comprising the unique numerical fast multivariant procedure of adsorption system identification. The research involved the application of the nitrogen adsorption isotherms obtained for five samples of activated carbons produced from waste materials of organic origin by way of chemical activation with potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate with the use of microwave heating. The analyses performed pointed to a good correlation between the results obtained using the BET, t-plot, NLDFT, and LBET methods. Moreover, the parameters of the porous structure determined using these methods based on incomplete adsorption isotherms of nitrogen are in fact as reliable as these methods allow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bassim H Hameed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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18
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Serafin J. Utilization of spent dregs for the production of activated carbon for CO2 adsorption. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pjct-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this work was preparation of activated carbon from spent dregs for carbon dioxide adsorption. A saturated solution of KOH was used as an activating agent. Samples were carbonized in the furnace at the temperature of 550°C. Textural properties of activated carbons were obtained based on the adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen at −196°C and carbon dioxide at 0°C. The specific surface areas of activated carbons were calculated by the Brunauer – Emmett – Teller equation. The volumes of micropores were obtained by density functional theory method. The highest CO2 adsorption was 9.54 mmol/cm3 at 0°C – and 8.50 mmol/cm3 at 25°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Serafin
- West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering , Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin , Poland
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19
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Lewicka K. Activated carbons prepared from hazelnut shells, walnut shells and peanut shells for high CO2 adsorption. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pjct-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Research treats about producing activated carbons for CO2 capture from hazelnut shells (HN), walnut shells (WN) and peanut shells (PN). Saturated solution of KOH was used as an activating agent in ratio 1:1. Samples were carbonized in the furnace in the range of temperatures 600°C–900°C. Properties of carbons were tested by N2 adsorption method, using BET equation, DFT method and volumetric CO2 adsorption method. With the increase of carbonization temperature specific surface area of studied samples increased. The largest surface area was calculated for samples carbonized at 900°C and the highest values of CO2 adsorption had samples: PN900 at 0°C (5.5 mmol/g) and WN900 at 25°C (4.34 mmol/g). All of the samples had a well-developed microporous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lewicka
- West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering , Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin , Poland
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20
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Highly microporous activated carbons from biomass for CO 2 capture and effective micropores at different conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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An analysis of the effect of the additional activation process on the formation of the porous structure and pore size distribution of the commercial activated carbon WG-12. ADSORPTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-017-9867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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