1
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Clerget M, Klimenko A, Bourrel M, Lequeux F, Panizza P. Foam Generation Through a Single Pore with Rectangular Cross-Section: Hysteretic Behavior and Geometric Limitation of the Volume Fraction of Bubbles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8320-8332. [PMID: 38405538 PMCID: PMC10882659 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We study foam production and destabilization through a flow-focusing geometry, namely a single pore of rectangular cross-section, by coinjecting gas and liquid at constant pressure, Pg, and constant flow rate, Qw. We observe that bubble production results from a Rayleigh-Plateau destabilization of the internal gas thread that occurs at the pore neck when its width becomes comparable to the height of the rectangular-section channel. Using a simple model and numerical approach, we (i) predict the shape of the gas jet and its stability range as a function of flow parameters and device geometry, which we successfully compare with our experimental results, and (ii) demonstrate the existence of a critical local pressure drop at the pore neck that determines whether or not a stable gas flow can form. We thus show that bubble foam generation exhibits hysteretic behavior due to hydrodynamic feedback and demonstrate that there is a maximum bubble volume fraction that the generated foam cannot exceed, the value of which is fixed by the geometry. Our results suggest that the foam collapse observed in porous media when the fractional gas flow becomes too large may result from hydrodynamic feedback inhibiting foam generation and not necessarily from coalescence between bubbles, as is usually claimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéo Clerget
- TotalEnergies
S.E., Pôle d’Etude et de Recherches de Lacq, BP 47 Lacq 64170, France
- Laboratoire
Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817 Lacq 64170, France
| | - Alexandra Klimenko
- TotalEnergies
S.E., Pôle d’Etude et de Recherches de Lacq, BP 47 Lacq 64170, France
- Laboratoire
Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817 Lacq 64170, France
| | - Maurice Bourrel
- Laboratoire
Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817 Lacq 64170, France
| | - François Lequeux
- Laboratoire
Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817 Lacq 64170, France
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris,
Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7615, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pascal Panizza
- Laboratoire
Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes, Bâtiment CHEMSTARTUP, RD 817 Lacq 64170, France
- IPR,
UMR CNRS 6251, Campus Beaulieu, Université
Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
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2
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Budiman O, Alajmei S. Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluid: A Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41022-41038. [PMID: 37969974 PMCID: PMC10633887 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing uses a large amount of fresh water for its operation; conventional wells can consume up to 200 000 gallons of water, while unconventional wells could consume up to 16 million gallons. However, the world's fresh water supply is rapidly depleting, making this a critical and growing problem. Freshwater shortages during large-scale hydraulic fracturing in regions that lack water, such as the Arabian Peninsula and offshore operations, need to be addressed. One of the ways to address this problem is to substitute fresh water with seawater, which is a sustainable, cheap, and technically sufficient fluid that can be utilized as a fracturing fluid. However, its high salinity caused by the multitude of ions in it could induce several problems, such as scaling and precipitation. This, in turn, could potentially affect the viscosity and rheology of the fluid. There are a variety of additives that can be used to lessen the effects of the various ions found in seawater. This review explains the mechanisms of different additives (e.g., polymers, surfactants, chelating agents, cross-linkers, scale inhibitors, gel stabilizers, and foams), how they interact with seawater, and the related implications in order to address the above challenges and develop a sustainable and compatible seawater-based fracturing fluid. This review also describes several previous technologies and works that have treated seawater in order to produce a fluid that is stable at higher temperatures, that has a considerably reduced scaling propensity, and that has utilized a stable polymer network to efficiently carry proppant downhole. In addition, some of these previous works included field testing to evaluate the performance of the seawater-based fracturing fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ose Budiman
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Shabeeb Alajmei
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Xu C, Martínez Narváez CDV, Kotwis P, Sharma V. Polymer-Surfactant Complexes Impact the Stratification and Nanotopography of Micellar Foam Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5761-5770. [PMID: 37040267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding films of soft matter drain via stratification due to confinement-induced structuring and layering of supramolecular structures such as micelles. Neutral polymers, added as rheology modifiers to cosmetics, foods, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemical formulations, often interact with monomers and micelles of surfactants, forming polymer-surfactant complexes. Despite many studies that explore interfacial and bulk rheological properties, the corresponding influence of polymer-surfactant complexes on foam drainage and lifetime is not well understood and motivates this study. Here, we report the discovery and evidence of drainage via stratification in foam films formed with polymer-surfactant (PEO-SDS) complexes. We show that the stratification trifecta of coexisting thick-thin regions, stepwise thinning, and nanoscopic topological features such as nanoridges and mesas can be observed using IDIOM (interferometry, digital imaging, and optical microscopy) protocols we developed for nanoscopic thickness mapping. We determine that for polymer concentrations below overlap concentration and surfactant concentrations beyond the excess micelle point, polymer-surfactant complexation impact the nanoscopic topography but not the step size, implying the amplitude of disjoining pressure changes, but periodicity remains unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxian Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Carina D V Martínez Narváez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Patrycja Kotwis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 929 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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4
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Dowlati S, Mokhtari R, Hohl L, Miller R, Kraume M. Advances in CO 2-switchable surfactants towards the fabrication and application of responsive colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102907. [PMID: 37086624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
CO2-switchable surfactants have selective surface-activity, which can be activated or deactivated either by adding or removing CO2 from the solution. This feature enables us to use them in the fabrication of responsive colloids, a group of dispersed systems that can be controlled by changing the environmental conditions. In chemical processes, including extraction, reaction, or heterogeneous catalysis, colloids are required in some specific steps of the processes, in which maximum contact area between immiscible phases or reactants is desired. Afterward, the colloids must be broken for the postprocessing of products, solvents, and agents, which can be facilitated by using CO2-switchable surfactants in surfactant-stabilized colloids. These surfactants are mainly cationic and can be activated by the protonation of a nitrogen-containing group upon sparging CO2 gas. Also, CO2-switchable superamphiphiles can be formed by non-covalent bonding between components at least one of which is CO2-switchable. So far, CO2-switchable surfactants have been used in CO2-switchable spherical and wormlike micelles, vesicles, emulsions, foams, and Pickering emulsions. Here, we review the fabrication procedure, chemical structure, switching scheme, stability, environmental conditions, and design philosophy of such responsive colloids. Their fields of application are wide, including emulsion polymerization, catalysis, soil washing, drug delivery, extraction, viscosity control, and oil transportation. We also emphasize their application for the CO2-assisted enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process as a promising approach for carbon capture, utilization, and storage to combat climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Dowlati
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rasoul Mokhtari
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lena Hohl
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Miller
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Kraume
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Liang M, Zhao X, Wang J, Feng Y. A Comparative Study on CO2-Switchable Foams Stabilized by C22- or C18-Tailed Tertiary Amines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062567. [PMID: 36985539 PMCID: PMC10052787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO2 aqueous foams stabilized by bioresource-derived ultra-long chain surfactants have demonstrated considerable promising application potential owing to their remarkable longevity. Nevertheless, existing research is still inadequate to establish the relationships among surfactant architecture, environmental factors, and foam properties. Herein, two cases of ultra-long chain tertiary amines with different tail lengths, N-erucamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine (UC22AMPM) and N-oleicamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine (UC18AMPM), were employed to fabricate CO2 foams. The effect of temperature, pressure and salinity on the properties of two foam systems (i.e., foamability and foam stability) was compared using a high-temperature, high-pressure visualization foam meter. The continuous phase viscosity and liquid content for both samples were characterized using rheometry and FoamScan. The results showed that the increased concentrations or pressure enhanced the properties of both foam samples, but the increased scope for UC22AMPM was more pronounced. By contrast, the foam stability for both cases was impaired with increasing salinity or temperature, but the UC18AMPM sample is more sensitive to temperature and salinity, indicating the salt and temperature resistance of UC18AMPM-CO2 foams is weaker than those of the UC22AMPM counterpart. These differences are associated with the longer hydrophobic chain of UC22AMPM, which imparts a higher viscosity and lower surface tension to foams, resisting the adverse effects of temperature and salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Ji Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu 610217, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yujun Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.F.)
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6
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Hatchell D, Chen X, Daigle H, Hartmann M, Ordonez‐Varela J, Blondeau C, Johnston K. Stable
CO
2
/water foam stabilized by dilute surface‐modified nanoparticles and cationic surfactant at high temperature and salinity. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hatchell
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Xiongyu Chen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Hugh Daigle
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Matthew Hartmann
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | | | | | - Keith Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
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7
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Chen X, Da C, Hatchell DC, Daigle H, Ordonez-Varela JR, Blondeau C, Johnston KP. Ultra-stable CO2-in-water foam by generating switchable Janus nanoparticles in-situ. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:828-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Effect of mixed surfactants on foam stabilization: A molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Towesend VDJ, Creatto EJ, Pedroni LG, Pérez-Gramatges A. Synergism in binary surfactant mixtures containing a pH-responsive surfactant towards enhanced foam stability in brine at high pressure and high temperature conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Luo X, Rogers S, Li P, Feng Y. Stabilization of CO2 aqueous foams at high temperature and high pressure: Small-angle neutron scattering and rheological studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Zhu J, Da C, Chen J, Johnston KP. Ultrastable N 2/Water Foams Stabilized by Dilute Nanoparticles and a Surfactant at High Salinity and High Pressure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5392-5403. [PMID: 35439013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of unconventional oil and gas resources presents challenges for foam flooding for reservoirs with high salinity and high heterogeneity at elevated temperatures. In this study, hydrophilic anionic sulfonate-modified nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited a synergistic effect with a cationic surfactant in stabilizing N2/water foam in the presence of concentrated divalent ions from ambient temperature up to 70 °C. With low concentrations of both the sulfonated NPs (SNPs) and cationic surfactant, the foams remained stable for 4 days at 50 °C and atmospheric pressure, while the surfactant-stabilized foams collapsed completely in 1 day. This stability mechanism of foams by the SNPs and cationic surfactant is described in terms of phase behavior, bulk shear rheology of the aqueous phase, and the dilational modulus of the gas-brine interface. The high surface elastic dilational modulus E' observed upon addition of the SNP provided stability against coarsening according to the Gibbs criteria. The cryo-SEM images also showed the compact bubble structure of foams provided by the SNPs. Consequently, very minor changes in the foam bubble size were observed at 208 bar (3000 psi) and 50 °C for up to 48 h with only 0.1 wt % or 0.3 wt % SNPs and 0.01 wt % Arquad 12-50, indicating excellent foam stability. The ability of the surfactant and NPs to stabilize foams at low concentrations broadens the application of foams in subsurface reservoirs at high temperatures and salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chang Da
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessie Chen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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12
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Effecting factor analysis to stability of ultra-dry CO2-in-water foams stabilized with zwitterionic surfactants, polymers and nanoparticles. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Xiong J, Zhao Z, Sun W, Liu W. Foam Stabilization Mechanism of a Novel Non-cross-linked Foam Fracturing Fluid. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32863-32868. [PMID: 34901636 PMCID: PMC8655894 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional foam hydraulic fracturing fluids used guar cross-linking technology. However, major production problems, such as high friction and difficulty to accurately control the cross-linking time, have influenced the large-scale application of cross-linked guar foam fracturing fluids. In this study, we developed a novel non-cross-linked foam fracturing fluid using a series of polymers synthesized with acrylamide and hexadecyl trimethylallyl ammonium chloride as monomers and improved the stability of foam by forming structures in solution through association. The results showed that the hydrophobic groups were the key factors that affect the foam stability, and the hydrolysis degree had a significant effect on the elasticity of the polymer solution. The model association polymer with 0.75% hydrophobic group content and 56% hydrolytic degree was optimal. The stability of our proposed foam was comparable to that of the cross-linked guar gum foam. The adsorption of associating polymers on the gas and water interface resulted in a high-stability foam. Our study demonstrates a new avenue to develop high-stability foams to satisfy the current hydraulic fracturing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiong
- Petroleum
Engineering College, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China
- CNOOC
EnerTech-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China
| | - Zhongcong Zhao
- Petroleum
Engineering College, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China
| | - Wenan Sun
- Petroleum
Engineering College, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Petroleum
Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Company, Wuhan 430035, Hubei, China
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14
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Afifi HR, Mohammadi S, Moradi S, Hamed Mahvelati E, Mahmoudi Alemi F, Ghanbarpour O. Deriving optimal and adaptive nanoparticles-assisted foam solution for enhanced oil recovery applications: an experimental study. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1974875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Afifi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
| | - Saber Mohammadi
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Siyamak Moradi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Hamed Mahvelati
- Department of Basic Science and Foreign Languages, Petroleum University of Technology (PUT), Abadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmoudi Alemi
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Ghanbarpour
- Petroleum Engineering Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
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15
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Jiang H, Kang W, Li X, Peng L, Yang H, Li Z, Wang J, Li W, Gao Z, Turtabayev S. Stabilization and performance of a novel viscoelastic N2 foam for enhanced oil recovery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Gizzatov A, Pierobon S, AlYousef Z, Jian G, Fan X, Abedini A, Abdel-Fattah AI. High-temperature high-pressure microfluidic system for rapid screening of supercritical CO 2 foaming agents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3360. [PMID: 33564048 PMCID: PMC7873061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 foam helps to increase the viscosity of CO2 flood fluid and thus improve the process efficiency of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas's subsurface utilization and sequestration. Successful CO2 foam formation mandates the development of high-performance chemicals at close to reservoir conditions, which in turn requires extensive laboratory tests and evaluations. This work demonstrates the utilization of a microfluidic reservoir analogue for rapid evaluation and screening of commercial surfactants (i.e., Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Lauramidopropyl Betaine, Tallow Amine Ethoxylate, N,N,N' Trimethyl-N'-Tallow-1,3-diaminopropane, and Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate) based on their performance to produce supercritical CO2 foam at high salinity, temperature, and pressure conditions. The microfluidic analogue was designed to represent the pore sizes of the geologic reservoir rock and to operate at 100 °C and 13.8 MPa. Values of the pressure drop across the microfluidic analogue during flow of the CO2 foam through its pore network was used to evaluate the strength of the generated foam and utilized only milliliters of liquid. The transparent microfluidic pore network allows in-situ quantitative visualization of CO2 foam to calculate its half-life under static conditions while observing if there is any damage to the pore network due to precipitation and blockage. The microfluidic mobility reduction results agree with those of foam loop rheometer measurements, however, the microfluidic approach provided more accurate foam stability data to differentiate the foaming agent as compared with conventional balk testing. The results obtained here supports the utility of microfluidic systems for rapid screening of chemicals for carbon sequestration or enhanced oil recovery operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrat Gizzatov
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center-Boston, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Scott Pierobon
- Interface Fluidics Ltd., National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW #4-087, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zuhair AlYousef
- EXPEC ARC, Reservoir Engineering Technology Division, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guoqing Jian
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center-Boston, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xingyu Fan
- Interface Fluidics Ltd., National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW #4-087, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ali Abedini
- Interface Fluidics Ltd., National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Dr NW #4-087, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Amr I Abdel-Fattah
- EXPEC ARC, Reservoir Engineering Technology Division, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Gandomkar A, Torabi F, Riazi M.
CO
2
mobility control by small molecule thickeners during secondary and tertiary enhanced oil recovery. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Gandomkar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Material Engineering, Shiraz Branch Islamic Azad University Shiraz Iran
| | - Farshid Torabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Regina Regina Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Masoud Riazi
- Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Research Centre IOR/EOR Research Institute, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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18
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Dehdari B, Parsaei R, Riazi M, Rezaei N, Zendehboudi S. New insight into foam stability enhancement mechanism, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Li Q, Prigiobbe V. Studying the generation of foam in the presence of nanoparticles using a microfluidic system. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Ma L, Bao L, Hu D, Zhao L, Liu T. Effect of interfacial properties on the stability of ultra-dry CO2-in-water (C/W) foams stabilized with zwitterionic surfactants and nonionic/anionic polymers: Experimental and DPD simulation. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Bashir Wani O, Shoaib M, Al Sumaiti A, Bobicki ER, Alhassan SM. Application of Green additives for enhanced oil recovery: Cellulosic nanocrystals as fluid diversion agents in carbonate reservoirs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Zhou J, Ranjith P, Wanniarachchi W. Different strategies of foam stabilization in the use of foam as a fracturing fluid. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 276:102104. [PMID: 31978640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An attractive alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of conventional water-based fluids on the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing is to inject foam-based fracking fluids into reservoirs. The efficiency of foaming fluids in subsurface applications largely depends on the stability and transportation of foam bubbles in harsh environments with high temperature, pressure and salinity, all of which inevitably lead to poor foam properties and thus limit fracturing efficiency. The aim of this paper is to elaborate popular strategies of foam stabilization under reservoir conditions. Specifically, this review first discusses three major mechanisms governing foam decay and summarizes recent progress in research on these phenomena. Since surfactants, polymers, nanoparticles and their composites are popular options for foam stabilization, their stabilizing effects, especially the synergies in composites, are also reviewed. In addition to reporting experimental results, the paper also reports recent advances in interfacial properties via molecular dynamical simulation, which provide new insights into gas/liquid interfacial properties under the influence of surfactants at molecular scale. The results of both experiments and simulations indicate that foam additives play an essential role in foam stability and the synergic effects of surfactants and nanoparticles exhibit more favorable performance.
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Static adsorption of a switchable diamine surfactant on natural and synthetic minerals for high-salinity carbonate reservoirs. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen YL, Zhang L, Song J, Jian G, Hirasaki G, Johnston K, Biswal SL. Two-Step Adsorption of a Switchable Tertiary Amine Surfactant Measured Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:695-701. [PMID: 30638384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of a switchable cationic surfactant, N, N, N'-trimethyl- N'-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane (DTTM, Duomeen TTM), at the silica/aqueous solution interface is characterized using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The adsorption isotherms reveal that changes in the solution pH or salinity affect surfactant adsorption in competing ways. In particular, the combination of the degree of protonation of the surfactant and electrostatic interactions is responsible for surfactant adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption is carefully measured using the real-time measurement of a QCM-D, allowing us to fit the experimental data with analytical models. At pH values of 3 and 5, where the DTTM is protonated, DTTM exhibits two-step adsorption. This is representative of a fast step in which the surfactant molecules are adsorbed with head-groups orientated toward the surface, followed by a slower second step corresponding to formation of interfacial surfactant aggregates on the silica surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Guoqing Jian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - George Hirasaki
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Keith Johnston
- Department of Chemical Engineering , UT Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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Yekeen N, Padmanabhan E, Idris AK. A review of recent advances in foam-based fracturing fluid application in unconventional reservoirs. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Tang Q, Huang Z, Zheng C, Lu H, Liu D. Switchable Surfactant-Based CO2-in-Water Foam Stabilized by Wormlike Micelle. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oilfield Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Hongsheng Lu
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Oilfield Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610500, People’s Republic of China
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Carbon dioxide-in-oil emulsions stabilized with silicone-alkyl surfactants for waterless hydraulic fracturing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:253-267. [PMID: 29747039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design of surfactants for CO2/oil emulsions has been elusive given the low CO2-oil interfacial tension, and consequently, low driving force for surfactant adsorption. Our hypothesis is that waterless, high pressure CO2/oil emulsions can be stabilized by hydrophobic comb polymer surfactants that adsorb at the interface and sterically stabilize the CO2 droplets. The emulsions were formed by mixing with an impeller or by co-injecting CO2 and oil through a beadpack (CO2 volume fractions (ϕ) of 0.50-0.90). Emulsions were generated with comb polymer surfactants with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backbone and pendant linear alkyl chains. The C30 alkyl chains are CO2-insoluble but oil soluble (oleophilic), whereas PDMS with more than 50 repeat units is CO2-philic but only partially oleophilic. The adsorbed surfactants sterically stabilized CO2 droplets against Ostwald ripening and coalescence. The optimum surfactant adsorption was obtained with a PDMS degree of polymerization of ∼88 and seven C30 side chains. The emulsion apparent viscosity reached 18 cP at a ϕ of 0.70, several orders of magnitude higher than the viscosity of pure CO2, with CO2 droplets in the 10-150 µm range. These environmentally benign waterless emulsions are of interest for hydraulic fracturing, especially in water-sensitive formations.
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