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Claesson PM, Wojas NA, Corkery R, Dedinaite A, Schoelkopf J, Tyrode E. The dynamic nature of natural and fatty acid modified calcite surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2780-2805. [PMID: 38193529 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate, particularly in the form of calcite, is an abundant mineral widely used in both human-made products and biological systems. The calcite surface possesses a high surface energy, making it susceptible to the adsorption of organic contaminants. Moreover, the surface is also reactive towards a range of chemicals, including water. Consequently, studying and maintaining a clean and stable calcite surface is only possible under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and for limited amounts of time. When exposed to air or solution, the calcite surface undergoes rapid transformations, demanding a comprehensive understanding of the properties of calcite surfaces in different environments. Similarly, attention must also be directed towards the kinetics of changes, whether induced by fluctuating environments or at constant condition. All these aspects are encompassed in the expression "dynamic nature", and are of crucial importance in the context of the diverse applications of calcite. In many instances, the calcite surface is modified by adsorption of fatty acids to impart a desired nonpolar character. Although the binding between carboxylic acid groups and calcite surfaces is strong, the fatty acid layer used for surface modification undergoes significant alterations when exposed to water vapour and liquid water droplets. Therefore, it is also crucial to understand the dynamic nature of the adsorbed layer. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of both the dynamics of the calcite surface as well as when modified by fatty acid surface treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Claesson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Natalia A Wojas
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioeconomy and Health - Material and Surface Design, Drottning Kristinas väg 61B, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Corkery
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andra Dedinaite
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Engineering Pedagogics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Department Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eric Tyrode
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Li L, Kohler F, Dziadkowiec J, Røyne A, Espinosa Marzal RM, Bresme F, Jettestuen E, Dysthe DK. Limits to Crystallization Pressure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11265-11273. [PMID: 36083285 PMCID: PMC9494941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization pressure drives deformation and damage in monuments, buildings, and the Earth's crust. Even though the phenomenon has been known for 170 years, there is no agreement between theoretical calculations of the maximum attainable pressure and experimentally measured pressures. We have therefore developed a novel experimental technique to image the nanoconfined crystallization process while controlling the pressure and applied it to calcite. The results show that displacement by crystallization pressure is arrested at pressures well below the thermodynamic limit. We use existing molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy data to construct a robust model of the disjoining pressure in this system and thereby calculate the absolute distance between the surfaces. On the basis of the high-resolution experiments and modeling, we formulate a novel mechanism for the transition between damage and adhesion by crystallization that may find application in Earth and materials sciences and in conservation of cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Physics
of Geological Processes (PGP), The NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Felix Kohler
- Physics
of Geological Processes (PGP), The NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna Dziadkowiec
- Physics
of Geological Processes (PGP), The NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Røyne
- Physics
of Geological Processes (PGP), The NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosa M. Espinosa Marzal
- Environmental
Engineering and Science, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, W12 0BZ, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dag Kristian Dysthe
- Physics
of Geological Processes (PGP), The NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Dziadkowiec J, Ban M, Javadi S, Jamtveit B, Røyne A. Ca 2+ Ions Decrease Adhesion between Two (104) Calcite Surfaces as Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:2827-2838. [PMID: 34712891 PMCID: PMC8543600 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution composition-sensitive disjoining pressure acting between the mineral surfaces in fluid-filled granular rocks and materials controls their cohesion, facilitates the transport of dissolved species, and may sustain volume-expanding reactions leading to fracturing or pore sealing. Although calcite is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, there is still no complete understanding of how the most common inorganic ions affect the disjoining pressure (and thus the attractive or repulsive forces) operating between calcite surfaces. In this atomic force microscopy study, we measured adhesion acting between two cleaved (104) calcite surfaces in solutions containing low and high concentrations of Ca2+ ions. We detected only low adhesion between calcite surfaces, which was weakly modulated by the varying Ca2+ concentration. Our results show that the more hydrated calcium ions decrease the adhesion between calcite surfaces with respect to monovalent Na+ at a given ionic strength, and thus Ca2+ can sustain relatively thick water films between contacting calcite grains even at high overburden pressures. These findings suggest a possible loss of cohesion and continued progress of reaction-induced fracturing for weakly charged minerals in the presence of strongly hydrated ionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dziadkowiec
- NJORD
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Matea Ban
- Materials
Testing Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 2b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shaghayegh Javadi
- NJORD
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Bjørn Jamtveit
- NJORD
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Anja Røyne
- NJORD
Centre, Department of Physics, University
of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
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Wojas NA, Dobryden I, Wallqvist V, Swerin A, Järn M, Schoelkopf J, Gane PAC, Claesson PM. Nanoscale Wear and Mechanical Properties of Calcite: Effects of Stearic Acid Modification and Water Vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9826-9837. [PMID: 34355909 PMCID: PMC8397405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the wear of mineral fillers is crucial for controlling industrial processes, and in the present work, we examine the wear resistance and nanomechanical properties of bare calcite and stearic acid-modified calcite surfaces under dry and humid conditions at the nanoscale. Measurements under different loads allow us to probe the situation in the absence and presence of abrasive wear. The sliding motion is in general characterized by irregular stick-slip events that at higher loads lead to abrasion of the brittle calcite surface. Bare calcite is hydrophilic, and under humid conditions, a thin water layer is present on the surface. This water layer does not affect the friction force. However, it slightly decreases the wear depth and strongly influences the distribution of wear particles. In contrast, stearic acid-modified surfaces are hydrophobic. Nevertheless, humidity affects the wear characteristics by decreasing the binding strength of stearic acid at higher humidity. A complete monolayer coverage of calcite by stearic acid results in a significant reduction in wear but only a moderate reduction in friction forces at low humidity and no reduction at 75% relative humidity (RH). Thus, our data suggest that the wear reduction does not result from a lowering of the friction force but rather from an increased ductility of the surface region as offered by the stearic acid layer. An incomplete monolayer of stearic acid on the calcite surface provides no reduction in wear regardless of the RH investigated. Clearly, the wear properties of modified calcite surfaces depend crucially on the packing density of the surface modifier and also on the air humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Wojas
- Bioeconomy
and Health Division, Department of Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division
of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry,
School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Illia Dobryden
- Division
of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry,
School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division
of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE−971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Viveca Wallqvist
- Bioeconomy
and Health Division, Department of Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Swerin
- Department
of Engineering and Chemical Sciences: Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Health, Science and Technology, Karlstad
University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Mikael Järn
- Bioeconomy
and Health Division, Department of Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick A. C. Gane
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Per M. Claesson
- Bioeconomy
and Health Division, Department of Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division
of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry,
School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Nucleation in confinement generates long-range repulsion between rough calcite surfaces. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8948. [PMID: 31222098 PMCID: PMC6586869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid-induced alteration of rocks and mineral-based materials often starts at confined mineral interfaces where nm-thick water films can persist even at high overburden pressures and at low vapor pressures. These films enable transport of reactants and affect forces acting between mineral surfaces. However, the feedback between the surface forces and reactivity of confined solids is not fully understood. We used the surface forces apparatus (SFA) to follow surface reactivity in confinement and measure nm-range forces between two rough calcite surfaces in NaCl, CaCl2, or MgCl2 solutions with ionic strength of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 M. We observed long-range repulsion that could not be explained by changes in calcite surface roughness, surface damage, or by electrostatic or hydration repulsion, but was correlated with precipitation events which started at µm-thick separations. We observed a submicron-sized precipitate that formed in the confined solution. This liquid-like viscous precipitate did not undergo any spontaneous ripening into larger crystals, which suggested that confinement prevented its dehydration. Nucleation was significantly postponed in the presence of Mg2+. The long-range repulsion generated by nucleation between confined mineral surfaces can have a crucial influence on evolution of the microstructure and therefore the macroscopic strength of rocks and materials.
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Liberto T, Barentin C, Colombani J, Costa A, Gardini D, Bellotto M, Le Merrer M. Simple ions control the elasticity of calcite gels via interparticle forces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:280-288. [PMID: 31220706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Suspensions of calcite in water are employed in many industrial fields such as paper filling, pharmaceutics or heritage conservation. Whereas organics are generally used to tune the rheological properties of the paste, we also expect simple ions to be able to control the suspension rheology via the interparticle forces. We have thus investigated the impact of calcium, sodium and hydroxide ions on the elasticity of a colloidal gel of nanocalcite. We confront our macroscopic measurements to DLVO interaction potentials, based on chemical speciation and measurements of the zeta potential. Upon addition of calcium hydroxide, we observe a minimum in shear modulus, correlated to a maximum in the DLVO energy barrier, due to two competing effects: Calcium adsorption onto calcite surface rises the zeta potential, while increasing salt concentration induces stronger electrostatic screening. We also demonstrate that the addition of sodium hydroxide completely screens the surface charge and leads to a more rigid paste. A second important result is that carbonation of the calcite suspensions by the atmospheric CO2 leads to a convergent high elasticity of the colloidal gels, whatever their initial value, also well rationalized by DLVO theory and resulting from a decrease in zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Liberto
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Adolf Blamauergasse 1-3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria(1)
| | - Catherine Barentin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.
| | - Jean Colombani
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anna Costa
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics - National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Davide Gardini
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics - National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bellotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marie Le Merrer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Wojas NA, Swerin A, Wallqvist V, Järn M, Schoelkopf J, Gane PAC, Claesson PM. Iceland spar calcite: Humidity and time effects on surface properties and their reversibility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 541:42-55. [PMID: 30682592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex and dynamic nature of calcite surfaces under ambient conditions is important for optimizing industrial applications. It is essential to identify processes, their reversibility, and the relevant properties of CaCO3 solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces under different environmental conditions, such as at increased relative humidity (RH). This work elucidates changes in surface properties on freshly cleaved calcite (topography, wettability and surface forces) as a function of time (≤28 h) at controlled humidity (≤3-95 %RH) and temperature (25.5 °C), evaluated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle techniques. In the presence of humidity, the wettability decreased, liquid water capillary forces dominated over van der Waals forces, and surface domains, such as hillocks, height about 7.0 Å, and trenches, depth about -3.5 Å, appeared and grew primarily in lateral dimensions. Hillocks demonstrated lower adhesion and higher deformation in AFM experiments. We propose that the growing surface domains were formed by ion dissolution and diffusion followed by formation of hydrated salt of CaCO3. Upon drying, the height of the hillocks decreased by about 50% suggesting their alteration into dehydrated or less hydrated CaCO3. However, the process was not entirely reversible and crystallization of new domains continued at a reduced rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Wojas
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioscience and Materials - Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Agne Swerin
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioscience and Materials - Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveca Wallqvist
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioscience and Materials - Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Järn
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioscience and Materials - Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patrick A C Gane
- Omya International AG, Baslerstrasse 42, CH-4665 Oftringen, Switzerland; Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Per M Claesson
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Bioscience and Materials - Surface, Process and Formulation, Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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