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Gotzias A, Lazarou YG. Graphene Exfoliation in Binary NMP/Water Mixtures by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300758. [PMID: 38314614 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphene in aqueous/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent mixtures and calculate the associated free energies, considering different NMP concentrations and exfoliation temperatures. We employ steered molecular dynamics to establish a path for the exfoliation of a graphene sheet from graphite within each solvent environment. Then, we conduct umbrella sampling simulations throughout the created paths to compute the potential of mean force (PMF) of the graphene sheet. As the exfoliated nanosheet disperses into the liquid, it becomes fully covered by an adsorbed solvent monolayer. We analyze the composition of the monolayer by measuring the direct contacts of either NMP or water molecules with the carbon surface. The carbon surface exhibits a preference for adsorbing NMP over water. The NMP molecules form a hydrophobic compact monolayer structure, effectively protecting the carbon interface from unfavorable interactions with water. The creation of the hydrophobic monolayer is a key factor in the exfoliation process, as it effectively inhibits the restacking of exfoliated nanosheets. An adequate level of graphene solubility is achieved through the addition of 20 % to 30 % water by weight to the NMP solvent. This finding holds significant importance for improving production efficiency and reducing dependence on organic solvents in the industrial manufacturing of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gotzias
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Y G Lazarou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
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2
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Cui J, Xu J, Xiu H, Wang H, Li J, Yang J. Graphene-Dominated Hybrid Coatings with Highly Compacted Structure on Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37059-37067. [PMID: 35938577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive corrosion protection coatings are necessary for metallic bipolar plates (BPs) of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. Graphene coatings have the potential of protecting metal substrates from corrosion without obscuring their excellent electrical conductivity. The electron transfer in the coatings facilitates the formation of galvanic cells, so the challenge is to block the mass transfer of the corrosion process. Here, we constructed highly compacted hybrid coatings with aligned water-dispersible graphene layers. The water-dispersible graphene (SG) held an electrical conductivity of >270 S cm-1 while providing an unprecedented dispersibility, which can be redispersed from filter cake with a concentration of 120 mg mL-1 or even dry state. The cohesion of the hybrid coatings was attributed to the interaction between highly aligned SG layers and the heterointerface between SG and polydopamine (PDA), as proven by the molecular dynamics simulations. The hybrid coatings presented a corrosion current density of 0.023 μA cm-2 and an interfacial contact resistance of 9.94 mΩ cm2, which meets the requirements of corrosion protection and electron transfer for the coatings on metallic BPs. The water-based fabrication method of the graphene-dominated hybrid coatings was a promising alternative of the vacuum-based deposition method for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Huixin Xiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Jian Qiao University, No. 1111 Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai 201306, China
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Multigraphene Prepared by One-Pot Pyrolysis of Diatomite/Polypropylene Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multigraphene was prepared via a one-pot pyrolysis method using polypropylene (PP) as the carbon source and diatomite (DM) as the catalyst. The obtained graphene had 4–6 layers and a D/G intensity ratio of 0.70 and a 2D/G intensity ratio of 0.72, indicating a high degree of graphitization. When the pyrolysis temperature was higher than 850 °C under argon, the graphene yield was greatly dependent on the DM content. The highest graphene yield of 25.86% was obtained by pyrolysis of PP with 30 wt.% DM at the temperature of 1000 °C. A catalytic effect of DM and infusible cross-linking structure formation were proposed to explain the possible mechanism of graphene growth during the pyrolysis of the DM/PP composites.
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Lei J, Yang W, Zhang L, Peng S, Wu Z, Wang Y, Zhao L. Surface modification of graphite by low‐temperature oxygen plasma and SnO
2
FeO(OH) coatings for lithium storage. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfi Lei
- School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Liya Zhang
- School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Shuge Peng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Waste Resource Utilization Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Yuru Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co. Ltd. SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co. Ltd. Qingyuan China
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Ashourdan M, Semnani A, Hasanpour F, Moosavifard SE. Synthesis of nickel cobalt manganese metal organic framework@high quality graphene composites as novel electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Li F, Liu L, Yang Z, Li S. Physical and mechanical properties and micro characteristics of fly ash-based geopolymer paste incorporated with waste Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123339. [PMID: 32659576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Geopolymers are highly durable and have favorable mechanical properties, and are thus regarded as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional ordinary Portland cement binder. In this study, MWCNTs are obtained through a modification method using a compound of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and are then dispersed using three types of dispersants. Fly ash-based geopolymers are prepared to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of adopting 0.05 wt.%, 0.10 wt.%, and 0.15 wt.% functionalized MWCNTs and substitution ratios of 10 %-40 % of fly ash with GBFS. The structure and dispersity of the functionalized MWCNTs in aqueous solutions are characterized using FT-IR and TEM, respectively. Then, the setting time, water absorption capacity, and mechanical behaviors are evaluated. In addition, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, TG-DSC, 29Si NMR, and XRD are employed to investigate the morphology, elemental components, mineralogical phases, and geopolymerization degree of the gel products. The experimental results show that the functionalized MWCNTs comprise -COOH and -OH groups and can be uniformly dispersed in aqueous solution containing SDS dispersant. Furthermore, geopolymer paste incorporated with 0.1 wt.% functionalized MWCNTs and having 30 % substitution of fly ash with GBFS exhibits a higher compressive and flexural strength and a lower water absorption capacity compared with all other geopolymer pastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faping Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- School of Urban Construction, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Zheming Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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Cheng ZL, Kong YC, Fan L, Liu Z. Ultrasound-assisted Li +/Na + co-intercalated exfoliation of graphite into few-layer graphene. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 66:105108. [PMID: 32247231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a novel approach for few-layer graphene by employing Li+/Na+ co-intercalated exfoliation assisted by ultrasound method. The experiments were conducted under the ultrasonic power of 300 W and the frequency of 40 kHz without the participation of any organic solvent. The effect of Li+/Na+ proportion on the exfoliation of graphite was intensively investigated. The structure and morphology of the as-exfoliated graphene nanosheets (UGN) was determined by a series of characterizations. The results showed that the thicknesses of the as-exfoliated graphene nanosheets were about 2.38-2.56 nm (about 7-8 layers) at the optimal Li+/Na+ ratio. The potential application of the as-exfoliated graphene nanosheets as additive in grease was evaluated by four-ball friction tester. The results demonstrated that the antifriction and antiwear performances of the grease with 0.06 wt% graphene were significantly improved by 21.35% and 30.32% relative to pure grease, respectively. The friction mechanism was proposed by detecting the worn surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Ying-Chao Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Zan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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Zhao L, Yan L, Wei C, Wang Z, Jia L, Ran Q, Huang X, Ren J. Aqueous-Phase Exfoliation and Functionalization of Boron Nitride Nanosheets Using Tannic Acid for Thermal Management Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chengmei Wei
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lichuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qichao Ran
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Junwen Ren
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Kong YC, Dong JW, Liu Z, Cheng ZL. In Situ Study of Structure-Activity Relationship between Structure and Tribological Properties of Bulk Layered Materials by Four-Ball Friction Tester. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14212-14220. [PMID: 32596557 PMCID: PMC7315421 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Encouragingly, a lot of research studies have demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets applied as an additive in oils show preferable friction-reducing and wear resistance performance. However, the current issue was that an elusive way could be adopted to probe the structure-activity relationship between the structure and tribological properties of bulk layered materials due to the structural evolution during friction testing. In this study, we studied the structure-activity relationship between the structure and tribological properties of bulk layered materials (graphite, h-BN, WS2, and MoS2) by an in situ four-ball friction tester. The morphological and structural changes of the layered materials after in situ four-ball-milling were detected by a series of characterizations. This study revealed the friction-induced nanostructural evolution behaviors of bulk layered materials by a four-ball mode.
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Mustonen P, Mackenzie DMA, Lipsanen H. Review of fabrication methods of large-area transparent graphene electrodes for industry. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:91-113. [PMID: 36641556 PMCID: PMC7362318 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional material showing excellent properties for utilization in transparent electrodes; it has low sheet resistance, high optical transmission and is flexible. Whereas the most common transparent electrode material, tin-doped indium-oxide (ITO) is brittle, less transparent and expensive, which limit its compatibility in flexible electronics as well as in low-cost devices. Here we review two large-area fabrication methods for graphene based transparent electrodes for industry: liquid exfoliation and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We discuss the basic methodologies behind the technologies with an emphasis on optical and electrical properties of recent results. State-of-the-art methods for liquid exfoliation have as a figure of merit an electrical and optical conductivity ratio of 43.5, slightly over the minimum required for industry of 35, while CVD reaches as high as 419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Mustonen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland.
| | - David M A Mackenzie
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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11
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Baomin Wang, Bo Pang. The Influence of N,N-Dimethylformamide on Dispersion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang X. SMA-Assisted Exfoliation of Graphite by Microfluidization for Efficient and Large-Scale Production of High-Quality Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121653. [PMID: 31766336 PMCID: PMC6955778 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the sodium salt of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was used as a stabilizer in the process of graphite exfoliation to few-layer graphene using the technique of microfluidization in water. This method is simple, scalable, and cost-effective, and it produces graphene at concentrations as high as 0.522 mg mL-1. The generated high-quality graphene consists of few-layer sheets with a uniform size of less than 1 μm. The obtained graphene was uniformly dispersed and tightly integrated into a polyamide 66 (PA66) matrix to create high-performance multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. The tensile strength and thermal conductivity of 0.3 and 0.5 wt% EG/PA66 composites were found to be ~32.6% and ~28.8% greater than the corresponding values calculated for pure PA66, respectively. This confirms that the new protocol of liquid phase exfoliation of graphite has excellent potential for use in the industrial-scale production of high-quality graphene for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin 300387, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.L.)
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-022-8395-5238
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Li J, Han S, Zhang C, Wei W, Gu M, Meng L. High-Performance and Reactivation Characteristics of High-Quality, Graphene-Supported SnS 2 Heterojunctions for a Lithium-Ion Battery Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22314-22322. [PMID: 31190523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SnS2 has received tremendous attention as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, its applications are limited by its inferior cycling stability and poor rate performance. In this study, graphene@SnS2 heterojunction nanocomposites are synthesized using a microwave-assisted solvothermal approach on liquid-phase exfoliated graphene (LEGr). Compared with graphene oxides, LEGr layers with an intrinsic atomic structure show extraordinary conductivity and serve as robust substrates for in situ growth of SnS2 with improved interfacial contact. A LEGr-derived SnS2 hybrid shows remarkable storage capacity, superior rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. The storage capacity remains at 664 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 300 mA g-1 current density. Furthermore, lithiation-induced reactivation of LEGr-based SnS2 is investigated using in situ transmission electron microscopy, giving an in-depth explanation of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaobo Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Novel Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1509 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | | | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Novel Electronic Information Materials and Devices , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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Li J, Wang H, Wei W, Meng L. Advanced MoS 2 and graphene heterostructures as high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:104003. [PMID: 30530940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf76c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Layer-structured MoS2 is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high storage capacity, abundance in nature, and cost-effectiveness. However, the use of MoS2 is limited by its low electronic conductivity, inferior cycling stability, and poor rate capability. To overcome these drawbacks, liquid-phase exfoliated graphene (LEGr) was used as the support, for which MoS2@LEGr heterostructures with a tunable loading amount of MoS2 were fabricated by a microwave-assisted solvothermal method. LEGr with its exceptional atomic structure not only serves as a robust structural support of MoS2 but also provides rapid electrical and ionic transfer pathways of the electrode material. When MoS2@LEGr heterostructures were applied for SIB anodes, the heterostructures exhibited a considerably enhanced sodium storage performance compared to pure MoS2, including higher sodium storage capacity as well as superior cycling stability and rate capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Li
- School of Science; State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials; MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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Liao Y, Zhang R, Qian J. Printed electronics based on inorganic conductive nanomaterials and their applications in intelligent food packaging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29154-29172. [PMID: 35702365 PMCID: PMC9116116 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse demands of consumers for packaging functions and increasingly complex product circulation systems have spurred the development of intelligent food packaging (IFP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liao
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Printing and Packaging
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
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