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Gopalan J, Buthiyappan A, Rashidi NA, Sufian S, Abdul Raman AA. A sustainable and economical solution for CO 2 capture with biobased carbon materials derived from palm kernel shells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45887-45912. [PMID: 38980479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the synthesize of activated carbon for carbon dioxide adsorption using palm kernel shell (PKS), a by-product of oil palm industry. The adsorbent synthesis involved a simple two-step carbonization method. Firstly, PKS was activated with potassium oxide (KOH), followed by functionalization with magnesium oxide (MgO). Surface analysis revealed that KOH activated PKS has resulted in a high specific surface area of 1086 m2/g compared to untreated PKS (435 m2/g). However, impregnation of MgO resulted in the reduction of surface area due to blockage of pores by MgO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that PKS-based adsorbents exhibited minimal weight loss of less than 30% up to 500 °C, indicating their suitability for high-temperature applications. CO2 adsorption experiments revealed that PKS-AC-MgO has achieved a higher adsorption capacity of 155.35 mg/g compared to PKS-AC (149.63 mg/g) at 25 °C and 5 bars. The adsorption behaviour of PKS-AC-MgO was well fitted by both the Sips and Langmuir isotherms, suggesting a combination of both heterogeneous and homogeneous adsorption and indicating a chemical reaction between MgO and CO2. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and thermodynamically favourable process for CO2 capture by PKS-AC-MgO, with negative change in enthalpy (- 0.21 kJ/mol), positive change in entropy (2.44 kJ/mol), and negative change in Gibbs free energy (- 729.61 J/mol, - 790.79 J/mol, and - 851.98 J/mol) across tested temperature. Economic assessment revealed that the cost of PKS-AC-MgO is 21% lower than the current market price of commercial activated carbon, indicating its potential for industrial application. Environmental assessment shows a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (381.9 tCO2) through the utilization of PKS-AC-MgO, underscoring its environmental benefits. In summary, the use of activated carbon produced from PKS and functionalised with MgO shows great potential for absorbing CO2. This aligns with the ideas of a circular economy and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprina Gopalan
- Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Archina Buthiyappan
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Adilla Rashidi
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical, Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Sufian
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical, Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
- Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang X, Zeng W, Kong X, Xin C, Dong Y, Hu X, Guo Q. Development of Low-Cost Porous Carbons through Alkali Activation of Crop Waste for CO 2 Capture. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46992-47001. [PMID: 36570200 PMCID: PMC9773967 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the "double carbon" (carbon peak and carbon neutrality) target, low-cost CO2 capture at large CO2 emission points is of great importance, during which the development of low-cost CO2 sorbents will play a key role. Here, we chose peanut shells (P) from crop waste as the raw material and KOH and K2CO3 as activators to prepare porous carbons by a simple one-step activation method. Interestingly, the porous carbon showed a good adsorption capacity of 2.41 mmol/g for 15% CO2 when the mass ratio of K2CO3 to P and the activation time were only 0.5 and 0.5 h, respectively, and the adsorption capacity remained at 98.76% after 10 adsorption-desorption cycle regenerations. The characterization results suggested that the activated peanut shell-based porous carbons were mainly microporous and partly mesoporous, and hydroxyl (O-H), ether (C-O), and pyrrolic nitrogen (N-5) functional groups that promoted CO2 adsorption were formed during activation. In conclusion, KOH- and K2CO3-activated P, especially K2CO3-activated P, showed good CO2 adsorption and regeneration performance. In addition, not only the use of a small amount of the activator but also the raw material of crop waste reduces the sorbent preparation costs and CO2 capture costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang
University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Wulan Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang
University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang
University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Xin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang
University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Yani Dong
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang
University, Weifang 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Xiude Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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GBE JLK, Ravi K, Singh M, Neogi S, Grafouté M, Biradar AV. Hierarchical porous nitrogen-doped carbon supported MgO as an excellent composite for CO2 capture at atmospheric pressure and conversion to value-added products. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gopalan J, Buthiyappan A, Raman AAA. Insight into metal-impregnated biomass based activated carbon for enhanced carbon dioxide adsorption: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang N, Ji L, Fu H, Shen Y, Wang M, Liu J, Chang L, Lv Y. Hierarchical porous carbon derived from coal-based carbon foam for high-performance supercapacitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Othman FEC, Yusof N, Samitsu S, Abdullah N, Hamid MF, Nagai K, Abidin MNZ, Azali MA, Ismail AF, Jaafar J, Aziz F, Salleh WNW. Activated carbon nanofibers incorporated metal oxides for CO2 adsorption: Effects of different type of metal oxides. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Dong D, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Wang T, Wang J, Romero CE, Pan WP. High performance aqueous supercapacitor based on nitrogen-doped coal-based activated carbon electrode materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Song N, Ma T, Wang T, Li Z, Yao H, Guan S. Microporous polyimides with high surface area and CO 2 selectivity fabricated from cross-linkable linear polyimides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:328-335. [PMID: 32298926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyimides of intrinsic microporosity have been intensively investigated for gas separation due to their microporous structure and high surface area. The microporous structure in the linear polyimides of intrinsic microporosity comes from their contorted structure. Therefore, most linear polyimides without contorted structure do not have micropores. In this work, the microporous polyimides are constructed through the condensation of a cross-linkable dianhydride monomer with two novel nitrogen-rich diamine monomers and post crosslinking reaction. The linear polyimide precursors without contorted structure have the same main-chain structure. The introduction of crosslinked structure endow the crosslinked polyimides (PI-CLs) with microporous structure. The microporous structure in PI-CLs can be tuned by changing the substituents of the linear polyimide precursors. The PI-CLs have competitive CO2 uptake capacity (7.3-9.4 wt%) at 273 K and 1 bar. Particularly, the crosslinked polyimide containing trifluoromethyl groups (CF3-PI-CL) shows high CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity (72 and 22) at 273 K, which are among the best results for reported porous materials. This work reveals that the introduction of crosslinked structure and changing substituents is an efficient method for constructing microporous polyimides with abundant micropores and excellent CO2 selective adsorption capacity. This method also has great potential for fabricating high-performance microporous polymers based on other linear polymers without rigid contorted structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Tengning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Shaowei Guan
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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