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Chu HW, Chen WJ, Liu KH, Mao JY, Harroun SG, Unnikrishnan B, Lin HJ, Ma YH, Chang HT, Huang CC. Carbonization of quercetin into nanogels: a leap in anticoagulant development. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5391-5404. [PMID: 38716492 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly found in onions, fruits, and vegetables, is recognized for its pharmacological potential, especially for its anticoagulant properties that work by inhibiting thrombin and coagulation factor Xa. However, its clinical application is limited due to poor water solubility and bioavailability. To address these limitations, we engineered carbonized nanogels derived from quercetin (CNGsQur) using controlled pyrolysis and polymerization techniques. This led to substantial improvements in its anticoagulation efficacy, water solubility, and biocompatibility. We generated a range of CNGsQur by subjecting quercetin to varying pyrolytic temperatures and then assessed their anticoagulation capacities both in vitro and in vivo. Coagulation metrics, including thrombin clotting time (TCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT), along with a rat tail bleeding assay, were utilized to gauge the efficacy. CNGsQur showed a pronounced extension of coagulation time compared to uncarbonized quercetin. Specifically, CNGsQur synthesized at 270 °C (CNGsQur270) exhibited the most significant enhancement in TCT, with a binding affinity to thrombin exceeding 400 times that of quercetin. Moreover, variants synthesized at 310 °C (CNGsQur310) and 290 °C (CNGsQur290) showed the most substantial delays in PT and aPTT, respectively. Our findings indicate that the degree of carbonization significantly influences the transformation of quercetin into various CNGsQur forms, each affecting distinct coagulation pathways. Additionally, both intravenous and oral administrations of CNGsQur were found to extend rat tail bleeding times by up to fivefold. Our studies also demonstrate that CNGsQur270 effectively delays and even prevents FeCl3-induced vascular occlusion in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Thus, controlled pyrolysis offers an innovative approach for generating quercetin-derived CNGs with enhanced anticoagulation properties and water solubility, revealing the potential for synthesizing self-functional carbonized nanomaterials from other flavonoids for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jyun Chen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-Hsin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Yi Mao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Scott G Harroun
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Yunn-Hwa Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials and Technology Innovation, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Lin HY, Yen SC, Kang CH, Chung CY, Hsu MC, Wang CY, Lin JHY, Huang CC, Lin HJ. How to evaluate the potential toxicity of therapeutic carbon nanomaterials? A comprehensive study of carbonized nanogels with multiple animal toxicity test models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128337. [PMID: 35121295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have great potential in medical applications, especially in the treatment of infectious diseases and even tumors. However, to safely execute the application of carbon nanomaterials in human treatments, conducting safety assessments and establishing suitable evaluation criteria are necessary. In this study, lysine-carbonized nanogels (Lys-CNGs) that display antibacterial and antiviral abilities were employed in a comprehensive evaluation of their toxicity profiles through assessments in different animal models and growth stages. It was observed that zebrafish at the embryo and eleutheroembryo stages experienced significant toxic effects at a concentration of 15-fold the recommended dosage (0.5 ppm), whereas adult zebrafish following long-term consumption of fodder containing Lys-CNGs presented no adverse effects. Further microbiota analysis indicated that Lys-CNGs did not cause significant changes in the composition of the intestinal bacteria. In contrast, in the toxicity assessments with mammalian animal models, the Lys-CNGs showed no adverse effects, such as weight loss, dermal irritation, and skin sensitization responses in rabbits and guinea pigs, even at a high dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Our study revealed that Lys-CNGs have different toxic effects on different growth stages of zebrafish. Researchers in this field should carefully consider the implications of these toxicity profiles during the development of therapeutic carbon-based nanomaterials and for comparison of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chieh Yen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chun Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yow Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - John Han-You Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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Zhang L, Li X, Antonietti M. General, Metal-free Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber Assemblies from Plant Oils. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24257-24265. [PMID: 34480394 PMCID: PMC8596426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We designed a metal-free synthesis of carbon nanofiber based on ketene chemistry using phosphorus pentoxide (P2 O5 ) and vegetable oil. Based on the characterization of intermediates, P2 O5 -oil reaction yielded most possibly alkylketenes, which polymerized into poly(ketene) with abundant enol groups. The enol groups further reacted with P2 O5 , forcing the poly(ketene) to assemble into a nano-sized preassembly structure. Moderate heating transforms these structures into carbonaceaus nanofibers. This approach is applicable to other chemicals with similar structure to vegetable oil. The carbon nanofibers with P-O-C functionalization show relatively high graphitization degree and promising textural properties. The C-O-P environment accounts for 66 at % of the total P and creates a superior thermal stability. As a model application, a CDI system built of a carbon-nanofiber-based electrode countered by an activated carbon-based electrode exhibited exceptional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore117543Singapore
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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Zhang L, Li X, Antonietti M. General, Metal‐free Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber Assemblies from Plant Oils. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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Sun D, Gao W, Wu P, Liu J, Li S, Li S, Yu M, Ning M, Bai R, Li T, Liu Y, Chen C. A One-pot-synthesized Double-layered Anticoagulant Hydrogel Tube. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021; 37:1085-1091. [PMID: 34511841 PMCID: PMC8418287 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) has emerged as a viable treatment in severe cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure, and adult respiratory distress syndrome. However, thromboembolic events stemming from the use of ECMO devices results in significant morbidity and mortality rates; the inner surface of the ECMO tubing comes into contact with the blood and can readily initiate coagulation. In addition, the tubing needs to be continually replaced due to thromboses on the inner tube wall, which not only increases the risk of infection but also the economic burden. Despite considerable effort, a surface modification strategy that effectively addresses these challenges has not yet been realized. In this study, we developed an integrated hollow core-shell-shell hydrogel tube of gelatin/alginate/acrylamide-bacterial nanocellulose(GAA) that meets the anticoagulant requirements for the inner tubing layer as well as the highly elastic soft material needed for the outer layer. Using static blood from healthy volunteers, we confirmed that the platelets or coagulation is not stimulated by the GAA tubing. Importantly, experiments with dynamic blood also demonstrated that the inner layer of the tubing does not elicit blood clotting. The one-pot-synthesized process may provide guidance for the design of anticoagulation tubes used clinically. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s40242-021-1267-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, 510700 P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Department of Cardiac Center, the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cardiac Center, the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Meili Yu
- Department of Cardiac Center, the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China
| | - Meng Ning
- Department of Cardiac Center, the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Cardiac Center, the Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, 300170 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, 510700 P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, 510700 P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
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Mao JY, Unnikrishnan B, Chu HW, Harroun SG, Chen YR, Wu AT, Chang HT, Lin HJ, Huang CC. Thermally driven formation of polyphenolic carbonized nanogels with high anticoagulant activity from polysaccharides. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4679-4690. [PMID: 34018502 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that alginate with negligible anticoagulant activity can be converted into carbonized nanogels with potent anticoagulant activity through a solid-state heating process. The conversion of alginate into graphene-like nanosheet (GNS)-embedded polyphenolic-alginate nanogels (GNS/Alg-NGs) has been carried out through condensation and carbonization processes. The GNS/Alg-NGs exhibit much stronger anticoagulant activity (>520-fold) compared to untreated alginate, mainly because their polyphenolic structures have a high binding affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) = 2.1 × 10-10 M] toward thrombin. In addition, the thrombin clotting time delay caused by the GNS/Alg-NGs is 10-fold longer than that of natural polyphenolic compounds, such as quercetin, catechin, naringenin, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. The thrombin- or kaolin-activated thromboelastography of whole-blood coagulation reveals that the GNS/Alg-NGs display a much stronger anticoagulant ability than that of untreated alginate and naturally sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan). The GNS/Alg-NGs exhibit superior biocompatibility and anticoagulant activity, as observed with an in vivo rat model, revealing their potential as a blood thinner for the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Mao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. and Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan and Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Wei Chu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Scott G Harroun
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - An-Tai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan. and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan and School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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Li HW, Mao JY, Lien CW, Wang CK, Lai JY, Mandal RP, Chang HT, Chang L, Ma DHK, Huang CC. Platinum ions mediate the interactions between DNA and carbon quantum dots: diagnosis of MRSA infections. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3506-3512. [PMID: 31859331 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed a rapid and cost-effective method employing platinum ion (Pt4+)-capped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) coupled with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect dual MRSA genes. We synthesized nitrogen- and chlorine-co-doped fluorescent CQDs (CQDSPDs) from spermidine trihydrochloride via a simple one-step pyrolysis. The CQDSPDs capped with Pt4+ ions through the cooperative coordination of the amine and chlorine groups on the surface of CQDs facilitated the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-induced fluorescence quenching of CQDs, and enabled the construction of the CQDSPDs/Pt4+ probe for the detection of as few as 10 copies of the MRSA gene (mecA and femA). The sensitivity and specificity of the CQDSPDs/Pt4+ probe for MRSA detection in clinical specimens (n = 24) were 94% and 86%, respectively. Our results reveal that the CQDSPDs/Pt4+ probe has great potential for the diagnosis of antibiotic-resistant superbugs with high sensitivity, specificity, and agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Li
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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