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Xu Y, Han Y, Zhao R, Han J, Wang L. CdSe-Decorated Flowerlike CaMoO 4 Microspheres with Enhanced Hydrogen Production Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15156-15164. [PMID: 36442080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen production technology from water is a more effective and promising method to solve energy and environmental crises. In this work, flowerlike CaMoO4 microspheres were successfully synthesized by an ultrasonic precipitation method and modified with variable concentrations of CdSe NCs. CdSe/CaMoO4 microspheres showed increased light absorption ability, larger relative surface area, lower electrochemical impedance, and longer fluorescence lifetime. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of CdSe/CaMoO4 microspheres could reach up to 10 162.33 μmol g-1 h-1. The constructed type-I heterostructure improved the separation of photogenerated electrons and inhibited the rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. CdSe/CaMoO4 with high hydrogen production activity would be an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jishu Han
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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2
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Wang W, Kou X, Li T, Zhao R, Su Y. Tunable heptazine/triazine feature of nitrogen deficient graphitic carbon nitride for electronic modulation and boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Azhar U, Bashir MS, Babar M, Arif M, Hassan A, Riaz A, Mujahid R, Sagir M, Suri SUK, Show PL, Chang JS, Khoo KS, Mubashir M. Template-based textural modifications of polymeric graphitic carbon nitrides towards waste water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134792. [PMID: 35533933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composite materials based on graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) are remarkably better semiconductors, but the inherent photocatalytic performance in its generic synthesis form is not up to the mark. Eminence efforts have been made to improve its performance and photocatalytic efficiencies. Recently, extensive investigations have been performed to develop their texturally modified and highly porous structures to get around the big flaws of bulk g-C3N4. One significant disadvantage is the increase in the polycondensation while preparation at 550 °C results in g-C3N4 materials with restricted specific surface area (SSA) (<10 m2/g) and no textured pores. Textural modification has emerged as an efficient and progressive way to improve optical and electronic characteristics. The final texture and shape of CN are influenced by the precursor's interaction with the template. Researchers are interested in developing CN materials with high SSA and changeable textural properties (pore volume and pore size). Based on the literature review it is concluded that the soft templating approach is relatively simple, and straightforward to induce textural changes in the g-CN type materials. This review focused on improving the textural properties of bulk g-C3N4 via templating method, and the major advances in the modified g-C3N4 materials for the treatment of wastewater. The procedures and mechanisms of numerous approaches with varying morphologies are thoroughly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Azhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Babar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Afaq Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rana Mujahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sagir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Ullah Khan Suri
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Centre for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ren X, Yu Q, Pan J, Wang Q, Li Y, Shi N. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by C/g-C3N4 composites formed by different carbon sources. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Zhong L, Ying M, Mou Z, Luo R, Sun J, Liu D, Lei W. Template-free preparation of carbon nitride hollow spheres with adjustable sizes for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:479-487. [PMID: 34999552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride hollow spheres (CNHS) with adjustable sizes were successfully fabricated via a template-free supramolecular pre-assembly strategy, in which melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) hollow spheres were constructed through hydrogen bonds. A feasible formation mechanism was proposed, which coupled an inside-out Ostwald ripening with the supramolecular pre-assembly process. Interestingly, the sizes of MCA could be manipulated by changing the pre-assembly temperature. Consequently, the sizes of CNHS were adjustable. The optimal CNHS exhibited excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (98.6 μmol/h) in the visible-light region, which was approximately 11 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride calcined by melamine. The significantly improved performance was due to the contributions including: the unique architectures with remarkable light absorption ability, high electrical conductivity, relatively narrowed band gap, fast charge separation. This work provides a facile template-free supramolecular pre-assembly strategy to fabricate carbon nitride hollow spheres with adjustable sizes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Mengfan Ying
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhigang Mou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Run Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Weiwei Lei
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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Bao J, Bai W, Wu M, Gong W, Yu Y, Zheng K, Liu L. Template-mediated copper doped porous g-C 3N 4 for efficient photodegradation of antibiotic contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133607. [PMID: 35032511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has great potential to treat antibiotic wastewater, but limited by small specific surface area, rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and narrow visible light absorption range. In order to solve above problems, we designed a simple template-mediated approach by supramolecular self-assembly (Cu-melamine-cyanuric acid) to prepare copper doped porous graphitic carbon nitride (Cu-pCN) photocatalyst. The pre-organized template self-assembly driven by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction, resulted in highly porous structure. The specific surface area of Cu-pCN increased to 142.8 m2/g from 11.37 m2/g of conventional bulk g-C3N4. In addition, the doping of Cu endowed them with better light absorption, higher separation and transfer rate of photogenerated carriers. Consequently, the obtained Cu-pCN displayed the superior photocatalytic degradation rate for tetracycline (TC) and high recycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wending Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mingbang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenli Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yucong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Dong J, Zhang Y, Hussain MI, Zhou W, Chen Y, Wang LN. g-C 3N 4: Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:121. [PMID: 35010072 PMCID: PMC8746910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C3N4, its photoelectric behaviors could be facilitated with transport channels for photogenerated carriers, reactive substances, and abundant active sites for redox reactions, thus further improving photocatalytic performance. There are three types of methods to modify the pore structure of g-C3N4: hard-template method, soft-template method, and template-free method. Among them, the hard-template method may produce uniform and tunable pores, but requires toxic and environmentally hazardous chemicals to remove the template. In comparison, the soft templates could be removed at high temperatures during the preparation process without any additional steps. However, the soft-template method cannot strictly control the size and morphology of the pores, so prepared samples are not as orderly as the hard-template method. The template-free method does not involve any template, and the pore structure can be formed by designing precursors and exfoliation from bulk g-C3N4 (BCN). Without template support, there was no significant improvement in specific surface area (SSA). In this review, we first demonstrate the impact of pore structure on photoelectric performance. We then discuss pore modification methods, emphasizing comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Each method's changing trend and development direction is also summarized in combination with the commonly used functional modification methods. Furthermore, we introduce the application prospects of porous g-C3N4 in the subsequent studies. Overall, porous g-C3N4 as an excellent photocatalyst has a huge development space in photocatalysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan Hussain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.D.); (M.I.H.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
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Wang K, Wang H, Cheng Q, Gao C, Wang G, Wu X. Molecular-functionalized engineering of porous carbon nitride nanosheets for wide-spectrum responsive solar fuel generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:1061-1070. [PMID: 34571295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (C3N4) is a promising metal-free photocatalyst for solar-to-energy conversion, but bulk carbon nitride (BCN) shows insufficient light absorption, sluggish photocarrier transfer and moderate activity for photocatalysis. Herein, a facile strategy to significantly increase solar spectrum absorption of the functionalized porous carbon nitride nanosheets (MFPCN) via molecule self-assembly engineering coupled thermal polymerization is reported. This strategy can greatly enhance the wide-solar-spectrum absorption of MFPCN up to 1000 nm than most reported carbon nitride-based photocatalysts. Experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations together display that this strategy could introduce hydroxyl groups into the structure of MFPCN as well as the rich pores and active sites at the edges of framework, which can narrow the bandgap and accelerate the transfer and separation of photoinduced carries. As a result, the optimal MFPCN photocatalyst exhibit the excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 7.745 mmol g-1h-1 under simulated solar irradiation, which is ≈13 times that of BCN with remarkable durable CO2 reduction activities. New findings in this work will provide an approach to extend solar spectrum absorption of metal-free catalysts for solar fuel cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Hukun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caiyan Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Self-assembly synthesis of petal-like Cl-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets with tunable band structure for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Acidification and bubble template derived porous g-C3N4 for efficient photodegradation and hydrogen evolution. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zeng Q, Wang X, Jin M, Akinoglu EM, Zhou G, Shui L. Nitrogen defects-rich porous graphitic carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:788-795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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