1
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Clarke BR, Witt CL, Ilton M, Crosby AJ, Watkins JJ, Tew GN. Bottlebrush Networks: A Primer for Advanced Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318220. [PMID: 38588310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush networks (BBNs) are an exciting new class of materials with interesting physical properties derived from their unique architecture. While great strides have been made in our fundamental understanding of bottlebrush polymers and networks, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for the field to accelerate advancements. This review aims to act as a primer to BBN chemistry and physics for both new and current members of the community. In addition to providing an overview of contemporary BBN synthetic methods, we developed a workflow and desktop application (LengthScale), enabling bottlebrush physics to be more approachable. We conclude by addressing several topical issues and asking a series of pointed questions to stimulate conversation within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Clarke
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Connor L Witt
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Mark Ilton
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
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2
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Seong HG, Jin Z, Chen Z, Hu M, Emrick T, Russell TP. Bottlebrush Block Copolymers at the Interface of Immiscible Liquids: Adsorption and Lateral Packing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13000-13009. [PMID: 38710503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs), having a hydrophilic bottlebrush polymer (BP) linked covalently to a hydrophobic BP, were found to segregate to liquid-liquid interfaces to minimize the free energy of the system. The key parameter influencing the outcome of the experiments is the ratio between the degree of polymerization of the backbone (NBB) and that of the side-chain brushes (NSC). Specifically, a spherical, star-like configuration results when NBB < NSC, while a cylindrical, bottlebrush-like shape is preferred when NBB > NSC. Dynamic interfacial tension (γ) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements show that the BBCP configuration influences the areal density and in-plane diffusion at the fluid interface. The characteristic relaxation times associated with BBCP adsorption (τA) and reorganization (τR) were determined by fitting time-dependent interfacial tension measurements to a sum of two exponential relaxation functions. Both τA and τR initially increased with NBB up to 92 repeat units, due to the larger hydrodynamic radius in solution and slower in-plane diffusivity, attributed to a shorter cross-sectional diameter of the side-chains near the block junction. This trend reversed at NBB = 190, with shorter τA and τR attributed to increased segregation strength and exposure of the bare water/toluene interface due to tilting and/or wiggling of the backbone chains, respectively. The adsorption energy barrier decreased with higher NBB, due to a reduced BBCP packing density at the fluid interface. This study provides fundamental insights into macromolecular assembly at fluid interfaces, as it pertains to unique bottlebrush block architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zichen Jin
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science & Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Kelly MT, Chen Z, Russell TP, Zhao B. Amphiphilic Heterografted Molecular Bottlebrushes with Tertiary Amine-Containing Side Chains as Efficient and Robust pH-Responsive Emulsifiers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315424. [PMID: 37956395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
By combining the unique characteristics of molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) and the properties of stimuli-responsive polymers, we show that MBBs with randomly grafted poly(n-butyl acrylate) and pH-responsive poly(2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) side chains are efficient and robust pH-responsive emulsifiers. Water-in-toluene emulsions were formed at pH 4.0 and disrupted by increasing the pH to 10.0. The emulsion generation and disruption was reversible over the ten cycles investigated, and the bottlebrushes remained intact. The exceptional emulsion stability stemmed from the high interfacial binding energy of MBBs, imparted by their large molecular size and Janus architecture at the interface, as evidenced by the interfacial jamming and wrinkling of the assemblies upon reducing the interfacial area. At pH 10.0, PDEAEMA became water-insoluble, and the MBBs desorbed from the interface, causing de-emulsification. Consequently, we have shown that the judicious design of MBBs can generate properties of particle emulsifiers from their large size, while the responsiveness of the MBBs enables more potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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4
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Lian X, Wang Y. Fast Interfacial Polymerization for Stabilizing Emulsion Droplets with Polymer Films beyond Emulsifiers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16986-16993. [PMID: 37982603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing emulsion droplets with amphiphilic emulsifiers are the current prevailing method, but the extensive use of such amphiphilic substances has caused widespread concerns. In this Perspective, three traditional methods for the stabilization of emulsion droplets according to the type of emulsifiers used are outlined, and the emphasis is placed on the mechanism of steric hindrance for emulsion stabilization. Then, we provide a concise introduction and discussion of the fast interfacial polymerization method as a new strategy for preparing stable emulsifier-free emulsion droplets with a polymer film, including its research background, current progress, and possible development directions. It is anticipated that this paper will promote the development of emulsifier-free emulsion production via fast interfacial polymerization and other related methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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5
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Karishma S, Rajvanshi K, Kumar H, Basavaraj MG, Mani E. Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Hydrophilic Homopolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13430-13440. [PMID: 37699434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Most of the polymeric emulsifiers have diblock and triblock copolymer architecture containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. In this work, we show that hydrophilic homopolymers can be effective stabilizers of oil-in-water emulsions. Using polyethelyne oxide and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as model hydrophilic homopolymers and n-decane and n-hexane as model nonpolar phases, we show that high-molecular weight polymers can stabilize emulsions over 24 h beyond a threshold concentration. We highlight the role of the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer in the stability of emulsions through kinetic measurements of emulsion volume, microscopic analysis, interfacial tension, and dilational rheology. We explain the mechanism of stabilization to stem from buoyancy-driven creaming of emulsion drops and film drainage and dilational elasticity of the interface in relation to the molecular weights and concentrations of polymers. This study demonstrates that water-soluble homopolymers can stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and open avenues for the use of eco-friendly biopolymers, which are inherently hydrophilic, as an alternative to synthetic emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karishma
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kirti Rajvanshi
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ethayaraja Mani
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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6
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Olszewski M, Hu X, Lin TC, Matyjaszewski K, Lebedeva N, Taylor P. Oscillatory and Relaxation Study of the Interfacial Rheology of Star Polymers with Low-Grafting-Density PEO Arms and Hydrophobic Poly(divinylbenzene) Cores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37216597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Star polymers have been gaining interest due to their tunable properties. They have been used as effective stabilizers for Pickering emulsions. Herein, star polymers were synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with terminal α-bromoisobutyrate ATRP functionality was used as a macroinitiator and divinylbenzene as a crosslinker for the arm-first star synthesis. Stars with PEO arms with a molar mass of either 2 or 5 kDa had a relatively low density of grafted chains, i.e., ca. 0.25 chain/nm2. The properties of PEO stars adsorbed at oil-water interfaces were investigated using interfacial tension and interfacial rheology. The magnitude of interfacial tensions at oil-water interfaces depends on the nature of the oil phase, being lower at the m-xylene/water interface than at the n-dodecane/water interface. Small differences were observed for stars with different molecular weights of PEO arms. The overall behavior of PEO stars adsorbed at an interface can be considered as an intermediate between a particle and a linear/branched polymer. Obtained results offer an important insight into the interfacial rheology of PEO star polymers in the context of their application as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ting-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Natalia Lebedeva
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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7
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Huo Q, Gao Y, Wu W, Hu S, Zhang Z, Li Z, Tian Y, Quan P, Li W, Liu D. Colloidal Jamming by Interfacial Self‐Assembled Polymers: A Robust Route for Ultrahigh Efficient Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yuling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic and Smart Polymers School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutical Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
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8
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Chan DHH, Hunter SJ, Neal TJ, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. Adsorption of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles at the oil-water interface: effect of charged end-groups on interfacial rheology. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6757-6770. [PMID: 36040127 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of either methyl methacrylate (MMA) or benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) is conducted at 70 °C using poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) as a water-soluble precursor to produce sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles of approximately 30 nm diameter. Carboxylic acid- or morpholine-functional RAFT agents are employed to confer anionic or cationic functionality at the ends of the PGMA stabilizer chains, with a neutral RAFT agent being used as a control. Thus the electrophoretic footprint of such minimally-charged model nanoparticles can be adjusted simply by varying the solution pH. Giant (mm-sized) aqueous droplets containing such nanoparticles are then grown within a continuous phase of n-dodecane and a series of interfacial rheology measurements are conducted. The interfacial tension between the aqueous phase and n-dodecane is strongly dependent on the charge of the terminal group on the stabilizer chains. More specifically, neutral nanoparticles produce a significantly lower interfacial tension than either cationic or anionic nanoparticles. Moreover, adsorption of neutral nanoparticles at the n-dodecane-water interface produces higher interfacial elastic moduli than that observed for charged nanoparticles. This is because neutral nanoparticles can adsorb at much higher surface packing densities owing to the absence of electrostatic repulsive forces in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H H Chan
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Saul J Hunter
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Thomas J Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
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9
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Yu X, Li G, Zheng B, Youn G, Jiang T, Quah SP, Laughlin ST, Sampson NS, Bhatia SR. Controlling Rheology of Fluid Interfaces through Microblock Length of Sequence-Controlled Amphiphilic Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022; 223:2200110. [PMID: 36588980 PMCID: PMC9799073 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that films of sequence-controlled amphiphilic copolymers display contact angles that depend on microblock size. This suggests that microblock length may provide a means of tuning surface and interfacial properties. In this work, the interfacial rheology of a series of sequence-controlled copolymers, prepared through the addition of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1(8)-ene-8-carboxamide (monomer A) and cyclohexene (monomer B) to generate sequences up to 24 monomeric units composed of (A m B n ) i microblocks, where m, n, and i range from 1 to 6. Interfacial rheometry is used to measure the mechanical properties of an air-water interface with these copolymers. As the microblock size increases, the interfacial storage modulus, G', increases, which may be due to an increase in the size of interfacial hydrophobic domains. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that the copolymers have a similar conformation in solution, suggesting that any variations in the mechanics of the interface are due to assembly at the interface, and not on solution association or bulk rheological properties. This is the first study demonstrating that microblock size can be used to control interfacial rheology of amphiphilic copolymers. Thus, the results provide a new strategy for controlling the dynamics of fluid interfaces through precision sequence-controlled polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Guofang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Bingqian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Gyusaang Youn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Suan P Quah
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicole S Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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10
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Huo Q, Gao Y, Wu W, Hu S, Zhang Z, Li Z, Tian Y, Quan P, Li W, Liu D. Colloidal Jamming by Interfacial Self‐Assembled Polymers: A Robust Route for Ultrahigh Efficient Encapsulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huo
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Yue Gao
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Wenbo Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Shuai Hu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 210009 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Zifan Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 210009 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Zhi Li
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Yuling Tian
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
| | - Peng Quan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Wenhua Road No. 103 110016 Shenyang CHINA
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai University School of Materials Science and Engineering Shangda Street 99 200444 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Dongfei Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Longmian Avenue No. 639 211198 Nanjing CHINA
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11
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Martinez MR, Dworakowska S, Gorczyński A, Szczepaniak G, Bossa FDL, Matyjaszewski K. Kinetic comparison of isomeric oligo(ethylene oxide) (meth)acrylates: Aqueous polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate and methyl 2‐(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether)acrylate macromonomers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Biotechnology and Renewable Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Cracow University of Technology Cracow Poland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ferdinando De Luca Bossa
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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12
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Li H, Shang Y, Zeng X, Liu H, Li J. Study on the Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Solid Interfacial Behavior of Functionalized Graphene Oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:482-494. [PMID: 34978195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of carbon neutrality, the applications of carbon-based materials are gaining considerable attention. Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional sheet with epoxy and hydroxyl groups on the basal plane and carboxyl groups at the edge. In order to change the oil/water (o/w) interfacial activity, GO was controlled and modified by dodecylamine to get two kinds of functionalized GOs (fGOs), named as basal plane-functionalized GO (bGO) and edge-functionalized GO (eGO), respectively. The interfacial tension measurement showed that fGOs could reduce more interfacial tension at the poly-α-olefin/water interface than those at synthetic esters or aromatic compounds/water interfaces. Besides, eGO can reduce more poly-α-olefin-4/water interfacial tension compared to bGO. The interfacial dilatational rheology of eGO and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-4 (MOA4) showed that MOA4 gradually replaced eGO at the interface with the increase of MOA4, until the interface was completely occupied. eGO and MOA4 complex emulsion exhibited the best friction-reducing performance at 250 rpm. The coefficient of friction (COF) curves of the emulsions with eGO showed two platforms, with the COF reduced by 37.42% at the most. The rheological results of emulsions showed that the addition of eGO increased the elasticity of the emulsion. Emulsions showed shear-thinning and friction-thickening properties, which make it easier for the emulsion to form a lubricating film on the metal surface. Our research results suggested that the functionalization on the edge of GO will change the interfacial properties significantly, which have widespread applications in the encapsulation of active materials, surface protection, adsorption, and separation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanglin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yazhuo Shang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiangqiong Zeng
- Laboratory for Advanced Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiusheng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Hsieh TL, Law S, Garoff S, Tilton RD. pH-Dependent Interfacial Tension and Dilatational Modulus Synergism of Oil-Soluble Fatty Acid and Water-Soluble Cationic Surfactants at the Oil/Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11573-11581. [PMID: 34554763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While the concept of interfacial tension synergism in surfactant mixtures is well established, little attention has been paid to the possibility of synergistic effects on the interfacial rheology of mixed surfactant systems. Furthermore, interfacial tension synergism is most often investigated for mixtures of surfactants residing in a single phase. Here, we define dilatational modulus synergism and report a study of interfacial tension isotherms and complex dilatational moduli for a binary surfactant system with the two surfactants accessing the oil/water interface from opposite sides. Using an oil-soluble fatty acid surfactant (palmitic acid, PA) that may be ionized at the oil/water interface and a quaternary ammonium water-soluble cationic surfactant (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TTAB), the binary interfacial interaction was tuned by the aqueous phase pH. Interfacial tensions and dilatational moduli were measured by the pendant drop method for the binary surfactant system as well as the corresponding single-surfactant systems to identify synergistic effects. The possible occurrence of dilatational modulus synergism was probed from two perspectives: one for a fixed total surfactant concentration and the other for a fixed interfacial tension. The aqueous pH was found to have a controlling effect on both interfacial tension synergism and the dilatational modulus synergism. The conditions for interfacial tension synergism coincided with those for the storage modulus synergism: both tension and storage modulus synergisms were observed under all conditions tested at pH 7 where PA was mostly deprotonated, for both perspectives examined, but not for any conditions tested at pH 3 where PA is mostly protonated. The loss modulus synergism exhibited more complex behaviors, such as frequency and interfacial tension dependences, but again was only observed at pH 7. The tension and modulus synergism at pH 7 were attributed to the increased attraction between ionized PA and cationic TTAB and the formation of catanionic complexes at the oil/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Hsieh
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stephen Law
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stephen Garoff
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Robert D Tilton
- Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Glagoleva AA, Vasilevskaya VV. Multichain adsorption at fluid interfaces: Amphiphilic homopolymers vs copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 585:408-419. [PMID: 33307309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS At selective liquid-liquid interface, amphiphilic homopolymers, having groups with different affinity for the liquids in each monomer unit, would demonstrate higher occupation of the interfacial layer than copolymers with various distributions of groups and be advantageous as interface stabilizers. EXPERIMENTS By means of Langevin dynamics computer simulation, conformations of multiple chains of amphiphilic macromolecules adsorbed at the liquid-liquid interface were studied. Monomer units having different affinity for the liquids were distributed variously along the polymer chains. Homopolymers, amphiphilic at the level of an individual monomer unit, and copolymers with random, altermating and multiblock distribution of groups were considered. The surface coverage, structure of the layer, and spatial distribution of monomer units were investigated depending on the polymer concentration. FINDINGS Compared to copolymers with random, alternating and multiblock distributions of the groups, the interfacial layer concentration of amphiphilic homopolymer is about 1.5 times higher, the adsorbed layer is remarkably thinner, has membrane-like structure and is asymmetric with respect to interface boundary. Also, the adsorbed amphiphilic homopolymers form fewer loops and tails, most located on one side of the interface. This combination of properties is promising for practical application in modern self-assembling molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Glagoleva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - V V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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