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Hatshan M, Khan M, Assal ME, Shaik MR, Kuniyil M, Al-warthan A, Siddiqui MRH, Adil SF. Green, Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nano Ag 2O/MnO 2/N-Doped Graphene Nanocomposites: An Efficient Catalyst for Additive-Base-Free Aerial Oxidation of Various Kinds of Alcohols. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2770-2782. [PMID: 38250433 PMCID: PMC10795140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a solvent-less, straightforward, and facile mechanochemical technique to synthesize nanocomposites of Ag2O nanoparticles-doped MnO2, which is further codoped with nitrogen-doped graphene (N-DG) [i.e., (X %)N-DG/MnO2-(1% Ag2O)] using physical milling of separately prepared N-DG and Ag2O NPs-MnO2 annealed at 400 °C over an eco-friendly ball-mill process. To assess the efficiency in terms of catalytic performance of the nanocomposites, selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BlOH) to benzaldehyde (BlCHO) is selected as a substrate model with an eco-friendly oxidizing agent (O2 molecule) and without any requirements for the addition of any harmful additives or bases. Various nanocomposites were prepared by varying the amount of N-DG in the composite, and the results obtained highlighted the function of N-DG in the catalyst system when they are compared with the catalyst MnO2-(1% Ag2O) [i.e., undoped catalyst] and MnO2-(1% Ag2O) codoped with different graphene dopants such as GRO and H-RG for alcohol oxidation transformation. The effects of various catalytic factors are systematically evaluated to optimize reaction conditions. The N-DG/MnO2-(1% Ag2O) catalyst exhibits premium specific activity (16.0 mmol/h/g) with 100% BlOH conversion and <99.9% BlCHO selectivity within a very short interval. The mechanochemically prepared N-DG-based nanocomposite displayed higher catalytic efficacy than that of the MnO2-(1% Ag2O) catalyst without the graphene dopant, which is N-DG in this study. A wide array of aromatic, heterocyclic, allylic, primary, secondary, and aliphatic alcohols have been selectively converted to respective ketones and aldehydes with full convertibility without further oxidation to acids over N-DG/MnO2-(1% Ag2O). Interestingly, it is also found that the N-DG/MnO2-(1% Ag2O) can be efficiently reused up to six times without a noteworthy decline in its effectiveness. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using various analytical, microscopic, and spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Rafe Hatshan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Assal
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mufsir Kuniyil
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-warthan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Syed Farooq Adil
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Benko A, Medina-Cruz D, Wilk S, Ziąbka M, Zagrajczuk B, Menaszek E, Barczyk-Woźnicka O, Guisbiers G, Webster TJ. Anticancer and antibacterial properties of carbon nanotubes are governed by their functional groups. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18265-18282. [PMID: 37795813 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high strength, low weight, and biologically-inspired dimensions, carbon nanotubes have found wide interest across all of medicine. In this study, four types of highly dispersible multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of similar dimensions, but slightly different chemical compositions, were compared with an unmodified material to verify the impact their surface chemistry has on cytocompatibility, anticancer, inflammation, and antibacterial properties. Minute changes in the chemical composition were found to greatly affect the biological performance of the CNTs. Specifically, the CNTs with a large number of carbon atoms with a +2 coordination number induced cytotoxicity in macrophages and melanoma cells, and had a moderate antibacterial effect against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria strains, all while being cytocompatible towards human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, substituting some of the OH groups with ammonia diminished their cytotoxicity towards macrophages while still maintaining the aforementioned positive qualities. At the same time, CNTs with a large number of carbon atoms with a +3 coordination number had a high innate cytocompatibility towards normal healthy cells but were toxic towards cancer cells and bacteria. The latter was further boosted by reacting the CNTs' carboxyl groups with ammonia. Although requiring further analyses, the results of this study, thus, introduce new CNTs that without drugs can treat cancer, inflammation, and/or infection while still remaining cytocompatible with mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Benko
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, A. Mickiewicz 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Medina-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Wilk
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, A. Mickiewicz 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Ziąbka
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, A. Mickiewicz 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zagrajczuk
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, A. Mickiewicz 30 Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Cytobiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-068 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Menaszek
- Department of Cytobiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 9 Medyczna St., 30-068 Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa St, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grégory Guisbiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- UFPI - Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil
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3
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Ma B, Li Y, Fan X, Zhang F, Zhang G, Peng W. Facet Dependent Activity of Fe(III) Species Modified TiO 2 for Simulated Sunlight Driven Fenton-like Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52940-52950. [PMID: 36383831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 crystals with different exposed facets are synthesized and modified facilely by depositing Fe(III) species. With more (101) facets exposed, the photoactivity of Fe-TiO2 is obviously enhanced with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant. The degradation rate for 20 ppm Bisphenol A (BPA) on Fe-TiO2 (101) can achieve 0.219 min-1, ∼8.5 times faster than that of pure TiO2 under simulated sunlight irradiation. Photoelectrochemical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) on Fe-TiO2 (101) is stronger than that on Fe-TiO2 (001) and a faster Fe(III)/Fe(II) transformation rate can be therefore achieved. As a result, the generation of ·OH and 1O2 will be accelerated with more (101) facets exposed, thus obtaining better photoactivity. Under the Fe-TiO2/PMS/Light system, BPA can be effectively degraded in a wide pH range or in the presence of multiple inorganic anions. After five cycles, 100% BPA can still be degraded within 60 min. The study provides new photocatalysts design strategy based on Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox for PMS based photocatalytic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Biao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300050, China
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4
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Li L, Yang S, Wang Y, Hui S, Xiao T, Kong J, Zhao X. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets for efficient degradation of bisphenol A by H2O2 activation at neutral pH values. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Ye S, Gao M, Li Y, Huang X, Song J, Cai H, Zhang Q, Zhang J. N-Doped Graphene Supported Cu Single Atoms: Highly Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Enhanced C-N Coupling Reactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1142-1149. [PMID: 36350100 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogenization of homogeneous catalysis through supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) provided a feasible solution to recycling catalysts while keeping its efficiency in chemical synthesis. In this work, Cu SACs anchored on N-doped graphene (Cu SACs/NG) were prepared and first used for C-N coupling reactions. During the preparation, Cu-N-C structures, including Cu-N4 moieties, were formed in a one-step pyrolysis method. As-prepared Cu SACs/NG exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward C-N coupling reactions with a broad scope of substrates and showed outstanding performance of recycling. Compared with Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs/NG), the advantages of single-atom catalysts were validated via experimental and theoretical calculations. The enhanced performances were attributed to increasing the number of active sites and increasing the intrinsic activity of each active site. This work provides an alternative synthetic strategy for fabricating atomically dispersed SACs and represents a significant advance for coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, P. R. China
| | - Shenghua Ye
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Min Gao
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yong Li
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Huang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, P. R. China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang H, Cai A, He H, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Zhang G, Fan X, Peng W, Li Y. Nitrogen-doped 3D hollow carbon spheres for efficient selective oxidation of C–H bonds under mild conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres present excellent conversion and selectivity in the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - An Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongwei He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang 312300, China
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7
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Liao WH, Hu QQ, Cheng M, Wu XH, Zhan GH, Yan RB, Li JR, Huang XY. Preparation of ZnS@N-doped-carbon composites via a ZnS-amine precursor vacuum pyrolysis route. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33344-33353. [PMID: 35497541 PMCID: PMC9042273 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06427d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ZnS/carbon nanocomposites have potential electrochemical applications due to their improved conductivity and more active sites through modification of the carbon materials. Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize the nanocomposites comprising ZnS nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped carbon (ZnS@NC). The inorganic–organic hybrid ZnS-amine material ZnS(ba) (ba = n-butylamine) is synthesized on a large scale by a reflux method, which effectively shortens the reaction time while maintaining the high yield compared with the solvothermal method. Then ZnS(ba) is used as precursor for obtaining ZnS@NC nanocomposites via a vacuum pyrolysis route, in which the content of carbon and nitrogen can be controlled by adjusting the pyrolysis temperature. Further, a series of ZnS-amine hybrid materials ZnS(ha), ZnS(en)0.5 and ZnS(pda)0.5 (ha = n-hexylamine; en = ethylenediamine; pda = 1,3-propanediamine) are synthesized and used as precursors for the preparation of ZnS@NC materials, indicating the universality of this method. Moreover, the as-synthesized ZnS@NC materials exhibit remarkable lithium storage performance with outstanding cycling stability, high-rate capability and remarkable pseudo-capacitance characteristics. ZnS/N-doped-carbon nanocomposites exhibiting remarkable Li storage performance are facilely prepared through the temperature-controllable vacuum pyrolysis of various ZnS-amine precursors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China .,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 P. R. China
| | - Rui-Bo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Chaotic Matter Science Research Center, Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
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8
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Ma C, Wang J, Wang F, Zhu Y, Li Y, Fan X, Zhang F, Zhang G, Peng W. Facile synthesis of iron oxide supported on porous nitrogen doped carbon for catalytic oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147296. [PMID: 33932660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide (FexOy) supported on porous nitrogen doped carbon is synthesized by a facile pyrolysis method. SiO2 and NaNO3 are used as the template and activation agent respectively for porous structure generation and large specific surface area (SSA) creation. The obtained materials show superior catalytic oxidation ability and can activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a wide pH range (3-9) to degrade organic pollutants. The degradation process is a two-stage reaction, including a rapid initial decay and a following slow reaction stage. According to the free radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis, and electrochemical tests, the superoxide radical (O2-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are proved to play crucial roles in organics degradation. The high SSA (773 m2 g-1), abundant of structural defects, and synergistic effect between FexOy and the nitrogen doped carbon are the key factors for the enhanced activity. The catalysts in this study can be synthesized easily and contain no toxic metals, thus should have great potential in the wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, China.
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9
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Porous ZrO 2 encapsulated perovskite composite oxide for organic pollutants removal: Enhanced catalytic efficiency and suppressed metal leaching. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:455-467. [PMID: 33848748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-based perovskite material, an effective activator of PMS, is widely employed for wastewater remediation, but still affected by the leakage of the cobalt ions. In this study, a porous core-shell structured perovskite LaFe0.1Co0.9O3-λ/SiO2 core @ZrO2 shell (LFCS@ZrO2) was fabricated and partially etched to enlarge channels to further enhance mass transfer ability. The well-designed core-shell structure can not only restrain metal ion leaching by changing the surface microenvironment but also provide an additional driving force attributed to the enriched concentration gradient, thus enhancing the catalytic oxidation performance. Results showed that the partially etched LFCS@ZrO2 (eLFCS@ZrO2) particles exhibited an increased pore size and showed an attractive catalytic performance as well as a suppressed cobalt ion leaching (3.61 to 0.67 mg/L). Over 99% of tetracycline hydrochloride (20 mg/L) could be degraded in 15 min, and the reaction rate increased 2 folds compared with pristine LaFe0.1Co0.9O3-λ. Besides, quenching test and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis proved that sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen were the two predominant reactive oxygen species during the catalytic oxidation. This work provides a novel perspective for the fabrication of an environmentally friendly perovskite catalyst, which has a great potential application in organic pollutant degradation.
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