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Mishra N, Garland NT, Hewett KA, Shamsi M, Dickey MD, Bandodkar AJ. A Soft Wearable Microfluidic Patch with Finger-Actuated Pumps and Valves for On-Demand, Longitudinal, and Multianalyte Sweat Sensing. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3169-3180. [PMID: 36250738 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Easy sample collection, physiological relevance, and ability to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor the human body are some of the key attributes of wearable sweat sensors. Examples typically include reversible sensors or an array of single-use sensors embedded in specialized microfluidics for temporal analysis of sweat. However, evolving this field to a level that truly represents "lab-on-skin" technology will require the incorporation of advanced functionalities that give the user the freedom to (1) choose the precise time for performing sample analysis and (2) select sensors from an array embedded within the device for performing condition-specific sample analysis. Here, we introduce new concepts in wearable microfluidic platforms that offer such capabilities. The described technology involves a series of finger-actuated pumps, valves, and sensors incorporated within soft, wearable microfluidics. The incoming sweat collects in the inlet chamber and can be analyzed by the user at the time of their choosing. On-demand sweat analyte assessment is achieved by pulling a thin tab to activate a pump which opens a valve and allows the pooled sweat to enter a chamber embedded with sensors for the desired analytes. The article describes a thorough characterization of the platform that demonstrates the robustness of the pumping, valving, and sensing aspects of the device under conditions mimicking real-life scenarios. A two-day-long human pilot study validates the system and illustrates the device's ability to offer on-demand, longitudinal, and multianalyte sensing. Our work represents the first example of a wearable system with such on-demand sensing capabilities and opens exciting avenues in sweat sensing for acquiring new insights into human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Mishra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States.,Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Nate T Garland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States.,Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Krystyn A Hewett
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Mohammad Shamsi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States.,Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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Stocker CW, Lin M, Wong VNL, Patti AF, Garnier G. Modulating superabsorbent polymer properties by adjusting the amphiphilicity. Front Chem 2022; 10:1009616. [PMID: 36176894 PMCID: PMC9513321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1009616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of amphiphilicity in polysaccharide-based superabsorbent polymers is paramount in determining material properties. While the performance of freeze-dried polymers is improved by maximizing hydrophilicity, this may not be the case for evaporative-dried polymers. In this study, four diglycidyl ether crosslinkers, with varying chain lengths and amphiphilicities, were used to synthesize a series of evaporative-dried carboxymethyl cellulose-based superabsorbent films. Through structural and physiochemical characterization, the effect of amphiphilicity on swelling and mechanical properties was established. Contrary to freeze-dried polymers, it was found that the addition of hydrophobic moieties by crosslinking with novel poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether crosslinkers increased the swelling performance of evaporative-dried polymers. By adding hydrophobic functional groups, a reduction in inter-chain hydrogen bonding occurs during evaporative-drying, reducing the degree of hornification and decreasing the entropy requirement for water uptake. By optimizing the amphiphilic ratio, a poly(propylene glycol)-carboxymethyl cellulose polymer achieved a swelling capacity of 182 g/g which is competitive with freeze-dried cellulose-based hydrogels. The mechanical properties of these films improved with the addition of the crosslinkers, with glycerol-carboxymethyl cellulose polymers achieving a tensile strength of 39 MPa and a Young’s Modulus of 4.0 GPa, indicating their potential application as low-cost, swellable films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W. Stocker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Maoqi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa N. L. Wong
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gil Garnier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gil Garnier,
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Hossain L, Ledesma RMB, Tanner J, Garnier G. Effect of crosslinking on nanocellulose superabsorbent biodegradability. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yang J, Lu S, Wu H, Hu H, Miao Q, Huang L, Chen L, Ni Y. Mussel-Inspired Magnetic Dissolving Pulp Fibers Toward the Adsorption and Degradation of Organic Dyes. Front Chem 2022; 10:840133. [PMID: 35372284 PMCID: PMC8965010 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.840133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a simple synthetic method was used to prepare a new type of magnetic dissolving pulp (MDP) @polydopamine (PDA) fibers. The hydroxyl groups of the fibers were converted into carboxyl groups after succinylation. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were grown in situ on the fibers. The prepared MDP@PDA fibers have catalytic reduction efficiency and adsorption performance for methylene blue organic dyes, and it has been thoroughly tested under various pH conditions. Fe3O4@PDA fibers have high reusability, are easy to separate, and regenerate quickly. The catalytic and adsorption efficiency barely decreases after repeated use. The surface of dissolving pulp fibers with a functionalized multifunctional PDA coating is used to create multifunctional catalysts and adsorbent materials. This study presents a very useful and convenient method for the synthesis and adjustment of MDP@PDA fibers, which have a wide range of potential applications in catalysis and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengchang Lu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huichao Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingxian Miao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lihui Chen,
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Barajas‐Ledesma RM, Wong VNL, Little K, Patti AF, Garnier G. Carboxylated nanocellulose superabsorbent: Biodegradation and soil water retention properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Barajas‐Ledesma
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) and Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Vanessa N. L. Wong
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Karen Little
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Antonio F. Patti
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA) and Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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