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Vadukoote TT, Avestro AJ, Smith DK. 3D-Printing Multi-Component Multi-Domain Supramolecular Gels with Differential Conductivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409757. [PMID: 38935516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We report the use of wet-spinning to 3D-print gels from low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) based on the 1,3 : 2,4-dibenzylidenesorbitol (DBS) scaffold. Gel stripes assembled from DBS-CONHNH2 and DBS-COOH are printed, and their conductivities assessed. Printed gels based on DBS-CONHNH2 can be loaded with Au(III), which is reduced in situ to form embedded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The conductivity of these gels increases because of electron transport mediated by the AuNPs, whereas the conductivity of DBS-COOH, which does not promote AuNP formation, remains lower. We then fabricate multi-component gel patterns comprised of spatially well-defined domains of printed DBS-CONHNH2/AuNP (higher conductivity) and DBS-COOH (lower conductivity) resulting in soft multi-domain materials with differential conductivity. Such materials have future prospects in applications such as soft nanoelectronics or tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO105DD, UK
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2
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An Q, Ren J, Jia X, Qu S, Zhang N, Li X, Fan G, Pan S, Zhang Z, Wu K. Anisotropic materials based on carbohydrate polymers: A review of fabrication strategies, properties, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121801. [PMID: 38368095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic structures exist in almost all living organisms to endow them with superior properties and physiological functionalities. However, conventional artificial materials possess unordered isotropic structures, resulting in limited functions and applications. The development of anisotropic structures on carbohydrates is reported to have an impact on their properties and applications. In this review, various alignment strategies for carbohydrates (i.e., cellulose, chitin and alginate) from bottom-up to top-down strategies are discussed, including the rapidly developed innovative technologies such as shear-induced orientation through extrusion-based 3D/4D printing, magnetic-assisted alignment, and electric-induced alignment. The unique properties and wide applications of anisotropic carbohydrate materials across different fields, from biomedical, biosensors, smart actuators, soft conductive materials, to thermal management are also summarized. Finally, recommendations on the selection of fabrication strategies are given. The major challenge lies in the construction of long-range hierarchical alignment with high orientation degree and precise control over complicated architectures. With the future development of hierarchical alignment strategies, alignment control techniques, and alignment mechanism elucidation, the potential of anisotropic carbohydrate materials for scalable manufacture and clinical applications will be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingnan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shasha Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
| | - Kangning Wu
- Ningxia Huaxinda Health Technology Co., Ltd., Lingwu 751400, China
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Ye S, Zhang W, Zhai Z, Shang S, Huang L, Song Z, Jiang J. CO 2-Responsive Rosin-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels: Diverse Chiral Nanostructures and Their Application in In Situ Synthesis of Chiral Gold Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:647-656. [PMID: 38153972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural small molecules have demonstrated tremendous potential for the construction of supramolecular chiral nanostructures owing to their unique molecular structures and chirality. In this study, novel CO2-responsive supramolecular hydrogels were constructed using a series of rosin-based surfactants (CnMPAN, n = 10, 12, and 14). The macroscopic properties, rheological properties, nanostructures, and intermolecular interactions of the hydrogels were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, rotational rheometry, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Interestingly, diverse nanostructures containing helical nanofibers, interwoven nanofibers, and twisted nanoribbons were formed in the hydrogels, which were rarely observed in reported supramolecular hydrogels, and the strength of the hydrogels was significantly enhanced by increasing the CnMPAN concentration and the alkyl chain length. The obtained hydrogels exhibited excellent CO2-responsiveness, with no obvious variation in the nanostructures and rheological properties after response to CO2/N2 for five cycles. Taking advantage of the chiral nanostructures of hydrogels, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were further prepared. The average particle sizes of the resulting GNPs were as low as 2.5 nm, and the GNPs also had a chiral structure. It is worth noting that no additional reductants and UV-light irradiation were used during the reduction process of GNPs. This study emphasizes that the unique molecular structure and chirality of rosin are critical for the preparation of hydrogels with chiral nanostructures. In addition, this study enriches the applications of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Ye
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Zhaolan Zhai
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Shibin Shang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Zhanqian Song
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Huang L, Chen L, Chen H, Wang M, Jin L, Zhou S, Gao L, Li R, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang C, Wang J. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tendon Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:246. [PMID: 37366841 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon tissue connects muscle to bone and plays crucial roles in stress transfer. Tendon injury remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complicated biological structure and poor self-healing capacity. The treatments for tendon injury have advanced significantly with the development of technology, including the use of sophisticated biomaterials, bioactive growth factors, and numerous stem cells. Among these, biomaterials that the mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) of tendon tissue would provide a resembling microenvironment to improve efficacy in tendon repair and regeneration. In this review, we will begin with a description of the constituents and structural features of tendon tissue, followed by a focus on the available biomimetic scaffolds of natural or synthetic origin for tendon tissue engineering. Finally, we will discuss novel strategies and present challenges in tendon regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvxing Huang
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Manju Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Letian Jin
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shenghai Zhou
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lexin Gao
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruwei Li
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Quan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hanchang Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Drew EN, Piras CC, Fitremann J, Smith DK. Wet-spinning multi-component low-molecular-weight gelators to print synergistic soft materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11115-11118. [PMID: 36102842 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) have been 3D-printed as filaments by wet-spininng. When the two LMWGs are simultaneously wet-spun, the co-assembled hybrid gel filaments combine the individual properties of the two gelators (dynamic pH response and in-situ metal nanoparticle formation) in synergistic ways, creating gel objects with new properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Drew
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Juliette Fitremann
- IMRCP, UMR 5623, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Synthesis and Properties of a New Type of Terpyridine Cholesterol Derivative Gelator with Applications to Medical Treatments. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3695462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular mass gelators (LMMGs), as a new type of intelligent soft material, possess good response properties to light, electricity, heat, and ultrasound and have many potential applications in fields such as intelligent sensing, biological materials, and drug release. Additionally, steroid derivatives have been a focus in the study of LMMGs for their desirable properties as well, such as their rigid framework, multichiral center, and strong van der Waals accumulation. Furthermore, the coordination ability of terpyridine has been an emphasis in the study of supramolecular chemistry and coordination chemistry as well. Attempts have been made with terpyridine groups that have special responses, such as terpyridine with steroid derivatives, to build more specialized and functional gelators. In this study, we used 2-acetylpyridine, 2-formaldehyde, and cholesterol to synthesize 6-(2,2:6
,2
-terpyridine-4
-carboxamide group) hexanoic acid (with a yield of 64.39%, P1), glycine cholesterol ester (with a yield of 70.36%, P2), and DMTCP (with a yield of 88.92%). Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and gelator performance tests were then conducted to measure the gelation effect of the materials and to explore their gelation mechanisms. Compared to P1 and P2, the DMTCP synthesized by P1 and P2 was able to form gel in more kinds of solvents. In addition, when it contains both terpyridine and cholesterol functional groups, the gelation properties of DMTCP were also significantly improved, and all the gels prepared in the four solvents in which DMTCP can form gels were stimulus responsive.
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3D printing of biocompatible low molecular weight gels: Imbricated structures with sacrificial and persistent N-alkyl-d-galactonamides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:156-170. [PMID: 35276518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We have shown earlier that low molecular weight gels based on N-heptyl-d-galactonamide hydrogels can be 3D printed by solvent exchange, but they tend to dissolve in the printing bath. We wanted to explore the printing of less soluble N-alkyl-d-galactonamides with longer alkyl chains. Less soluble hydrogels could be good candidates as cell culture scaffolds. EXPERIMENTS N-hexyl, N-octyl and N-nonyl-d-galactonamide solutions in dimethylsulfoxide are injected in a bath of water following patterns driven by a 2D drawing robot coupled to a z-platform. Solubilization of the gels with time has been determined and solubility of the gelators has been measured by NMR. Imbricated structures have been built with N-nonyl-d-galactonamide as a persistent ink and N-hexyl or N-heptyl-d-galactonamide as sacrificial inks. Human mesenchymal stem cells have been cultured on N-nonyl-d-galactonamide hydrogels prepared by cooling or by 3D printing. FINDINGS The conditions for printing well-resolved 3D patterns have been determined for the three gelators. In imbricated structures, the solubilization of N-hexyl or N-heptyl-d-galactonamide occurred after a few hours or days and gave channels. Human mesenchymal stem cells grown on N-nonyl-d-galactonamide hydrogels prepared by heating-cooling, which are stable and have a fibrillar microstructure, developed properly. 3D printed hydrogels, which microstructure is made of micrometric flakes, appeared too fragile to withstand cell growth.
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Piras CC, Kay AG, Genever PG, Fitremann J, Smith DK. Self-assembled gel tubes, filaments and 3D-printing with in situ metal nanoparticle formation and enhanced stem cell growth. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1972-1981. [PMID: 35308847 PMCID: PMC8848986 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports simple strategies to fabricate self-assembled artificial tubular and filamentous systems from a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG). In the first strategy, tubular ‘core–shell’ gel structures based on the dibenzylidenesorbitol-based LMWG DBS-CONHNH2 were made in combination with the polymer gelator (PG) calcium alginate. In the second approach, gel filaments based on DBS-CONHNH2 alone were prepared by wet spinning at elevated concentrations using a ‘solvent-switch’ approach. The higher concentrations used in wet-spinning prevent the need for a supporting PG. Furthermore, this can be extended into a 3D-printing method, with the printed LMWG objects showing excellent stability for at least a week in water. The LMWG retains its unique ability for in situ precious metal reduction, yielding Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the tubes and filaments when they are exposed to AuCl3 solutions. Since the gel filaments have a higher loading of DBS-CONHNH2, they can be loaded with significantly more AuNPs. Cytotoxicity and viability studies on human mesenchymal stem cells show that the DBS-CONHNH2 and DBS-CONHNH2/alginate hybrid gels loaded with AuNPs are biocompatible, with the presence of AuNPs enhancing stem cell metabolism. Taken together, these results indicate that DBS-CONHNH2 can be shaped and 3D-printed, and has considerable potential for use in tissue engineering applications. Simple fabrication and 3D-printing methods are used to generate tubes and filaments from self-assembled gels, which can be loaded in situ with gold nanoparticles, with the resulting gels encouraging stem cell proliferation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alasdair G. Kay
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Paul G. Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Juliette Fitremann
- IMRCP, UMR 5623, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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