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Wan Q, Hu X, Yu T, Guo P, Wang J, Shi H, Chen S. Wetting State Transition of Laser Direct Writing Aluminum Surface Based on Coupling Effect of Micro/Nanoscale Characteristics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15196-15204. [PMID: 39007690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanostructured metal surfaces fabricated by laser direct writing (LDW) have been widely used in wettability-related fields. Previous studies focused on the effects of surface structural patterns or chemical composition on wettability, while the coupling mechanism and respective contributions of the two are not distinct. This paper reveals the coupling effect of micro/nanoscale characteristics on the wettability of LDW aluminum surfaces and elucidates the transition mechanism between wetting states on the surfaces with linear laser energy density. Through the contact angle experiments, a wetting state transition of the LDW surface is found from a more hydrophilic than pristine rose petal effect to lotus effect. Based on the bionic analysis method of the superhydrophobicity factors of lotus leaves, the contributions to the wettability of LDW surfaces are divided into the micro/nanoscale characteristics. The theoretical model for identifying the wetting state of a rough surface is proposed. Based on this model, the average Young's contact angle, θ̅Y, is calculated, which indicates the contribution of the nanoscale characteristics. During the transition process from rose petal effect to lotus effect, θ̅Y > 90° is a necessary condition for detachment from the rose petal effect, which is contributed by the high specific surface organic adsorption at the nanoscale. What is more, the wetting state determined by the microscale characteristics further enhances its hydrophobicity, leading to the lotus effect. Based on the wetting state identification model and the Cassie-Baxter equation, the change of micro/nanoscale characteristics on aluminum surfaces after LDW treatment is presented, and the influence of micro/nanoscale characteristics on the wetting state is decoupled and quantified. This research helps to coordinate the effects of surface structure and chemical composition on wettability in the design of specific wettability functional surfaces and can also be applied to other high heat density surface processing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlin Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Xingjun Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Tianming Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Peng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Hongda Shi
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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Parra-Vicente S, Ibáñez-Ibáñez PF, Cabrerizo-Vílchez M, Sánchez-Almazo I, Rodríguez-Valverde MÁ, Ruiz-Cabello FJM. Understanding the petal effect: Wetting properties and surface structure of natural rose petals and rose petal-derived surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 236:113832. [PMID: 38447447 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The petal effect is identified as a non-wetting state with high drop adhesion. The wetting behavior of petal surfaces is attributed to the papillose structure of their epidermis, which leads to a Cassie-Baxter regime combined with strong pinning sites. Under this scenario, sessile drops are pearl shaped and, unlike lotus-like surfaces, firmly attached to the surface. Petal surfaces are used as inspiration for the fabrication of functional parahydrophobic surfaces such as antibacterial or water-harvesting surfaces. In this work, two types of rose petals were replicated by using a templating technique based in Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocasting. The topographic structure, the condensation mechanism under saturated environments and the wetting properties of the natural rose petal and their negative and positive replicas were analyzed. Finally, we performed prospective ice adhesion studies to elucidate whether petal-like surfaces may be used as deicing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Parra-Vicente
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, Granada ES-18071, Spain
| | - Pablo F Ibáñez-Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, Granada ES-18071, Spain
| | - Miguel Cabrerizo-Vílchez
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, Granada ES-18071, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Valverde
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, Granada ES-18071, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Montes Ruiz-Cabello
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, Granada ES-18071, Spain.
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Epalle A, Catherin M, Cobian M, Valette S. Application of the Lattice-Boltzmann method to wetting on anisotropic textured surfaces: Characterization of the liquid-solid interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:362-368. [PMID: 37574353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS To understand the relationship between topography and wetting, it is not enough to study the contact angle. Indeed, the liquid-solid interface plays an important role in wetting. However, data such as the total triple line length, the wetting area and the anchoring depth are inaccessible or difficult to obtain experimentally. This work proposes to overcome the experimental limitations by using a numerical approach to characterize the wetting behavior on textured surfaces. METHODS The wetting behavior of an anisotropic textured surface was compared for both experimental and numerical approaches. The experimental wetting is characterized by sessile drop experiments. The simulations were performed by applying the pseudo-potential Lattice-Boltzmann method. The numerical approach was then used to predict the wetting behavior of different materials. FINDINGS The simulations capture both the wetting state and the contact angle, in accordance with the experimental observation. Without making any assumptions about the interfacial shape and anchoring, the simulation allows to characterize the liquid-solid interface by quantifying the total length of the triple line and the wetting area. Simultaneously, the simulations enable the characterization of impregnation within textures for complex mixed regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Epalle
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France.
| | - Mathilde Catherin
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Cobian
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Valette
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France.
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Kim K, Choi S, Zhang Z, Jang J. Molecular Simulation Study on the Wettability of a Surface Texturized with Hierarchical Pillars. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114513. [PMID: 37298990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
By using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate the wettability of a surface texturized with a periodic array of hierarchical pillars. By varying the height and spacing of the minor pillars on top of major pillars, we investigate the wetting transition from the Cassie-Baxter (CB) to Wenzel (WZ) states. We uncover the molecular structures and free energies of the transition and meta-stable states existing between the CB and WZ states. The relatively tall and dense minor pillars greatly enhance the hydrophobicity of a pillared surface, in that, the CB-to-WZ transition requires an increased activation energy and the contact angle of a water droplet on such a surface is significantly larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiduk Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyong Choi
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Bandyopadhyay S, Shristi A, Kumawat V, Gope A, Mukhopadhyay A, Chakraborty S, Mukherjee R. Droplet Impact Dynamics on Biomimetic Replica of Yellow Rose Petals: Rebound to Micropinning Transition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6051-6060. [PMID: 37067511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rose petals exhibit a phenomenal wetting property of being sticky and superhydrophobic simultaneously. A recent study has shown that for short timescales, associated with drop impact phenomenon, lotus leaf and rose petal replicas exhibit similar wettability, thereby highlighting the difference between long and short time wettability. Also, short time wetting on rose petals of different colors remains completely unaddressed, as almost all existing study on wetting of rose petals have been performed with the classical red rose (Rosa chinensis). In this paper, we compare the drop impact studies on replicas of a yellow rose petal, with those on extensively studied red rose petal replicas and the lotus leaf over a wide range of Weber number (We), by varying the height of fall (h) from 10 to 375 mm. Our results reveal that over the replica of a yellow rose petal, the initial impact outcome varies from complete rebound to micro pinning and eventually complete pinning depending on the kinetic energy of the impacting drop, in contrast to that on red rose petal replica on which the droplet always pinned. Based on experimental finding, we present a comprehensive regime phase map of the post impact behavior of the drop on different surfaces as a function of impact height. We also present a simple scaling analysis to understand the combined effect of pattern height and periodicity on the critical h corresponding to wetting regime transition. Additionally, variation of maximum spreading diameter and spreading time with the h for the different surfaces is also discussed. The results highlight that the initial impact dynamics of a water drop over a topographically patterned substrate is a strong function of the topographical parameters and can be very different from the equilibrium wetting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Anshika Shristi
- Instability & Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Vinit Kumawat
- Instability & Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Gope
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Anurup Mukhopadhyay
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
- Instability & Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
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Wang F, Wu Y, Nestler B. Wetting Effect on Patterned Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2210745. [PMID: 36779433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A droplet deposited on a solid substrate leads to the wetting phenomenon. A natural observation is the lotus effect, known for its superhydrophobicity. This special feature is engendered by the structured microstructure of the lotus leaf, namely, surface heterogeneity, as explained by the quintessential Cassie-Wenzel theory (CWT). In this work, recent designs of functional substrates are overviewed based on the CWT via manipulating the contact area between the liquid and the solid substrate as well as the intrinsic Young's contact angle. Moreover, the limitation of the CWT is discussed. When the droplet size is comparable to the surface heterogeneity, anisotropic wetting morphology often appears, which is beyond the scope of the Cassie-Wenzel work. In this case, several recent studies addressing the anisotropic wetting effect on chemically and mechanically patterned substrates are elucidated. Surface designs for anisotropic wetting morphologies are summarized with respect to the shape and the arrangement of the surface heterogeneity, the droplet volume, the deposition position of the droplet, as well as the mean curvature of the surface heterogeneity. A thermodynamic interpretation for the wetting effect and the corresponding open questions are presented at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yanchen Wu
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute for Applied Materials - Microstructure Modelling and Simulation (IAM-MMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
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How droplets move on laser-structured surfaces: Determination of droplet adhesion forces on nano- and microstructured surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:951-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Multi-Scale Structure and Directional Hydrophobicity of Titanium Alloy Surface Using Electrical Discharge. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060937. [PMID: 35744551 PMCID: PMC9227909 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Titanium alloys with special macro-micro composite structures of directional hydrophobicity are difficult to prepare due to poor thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance, inhibiting the wide engineering applications for aerospace, marine engineering, and biomedicine. To prepare macro-micro composite structures on the surface of titanium alloys and achieve directional hydrophobicity, the sub-millimeter structures with an edge width of 150 μm, a groove width of 250 μm, and a depth of 250 μm were fabricated on the titanium alloy by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) technology, and high voltage-induced weak electric arc machining (HV-μEAM) was used to fabricate micro-scale feature size micro-structures on the processed macro-structure edges. The influence of process parameters on the morphology of microstructures was studied experimentally. The smooth surface of the titanium alloy is isotropically hydrophilic, and its contact angle is 68°. After processing the macrostructure on the titanium alloy surface, it shows directional hydrophobicity after being modified by low surface energy materials. The macro-micro composite structure formed by HV-μEAM realizes a directional hydrophobic surface with contact angles (CA) of 140° (parallel direction) and 130° (perpendicular direction), respectively. This surface has been modified with low surface energy to achieve contact angles of 154° and 143°. The results of the abrasion resistance test show that under the load of 100 g, it retains directional hydrophobicity at a friction distance of 700 mm with 600# sandpaper. The existence of the sub-millimeter macrostructure is the reason for the directionality of surface hydrophobicity. The microstructure can realize the transformation of the titanium alloy surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Under the combined effects of the macro and micro composite structure, the surface of the titanium alloy shows obvious directional hydrophobicity.
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Chen J, Yu S, Fu T, Xu L, Tang Y, Li Z. The kapok petal: superhydrophobic surface induced by microscale trichomes. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:026007. [PMID: 34768250 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the first time it is reported that the kapok petal shows a superhydrophobic characteristic with a static water contact angle higher than 150°. Intriguingly, there exist single-scale micro-trichomes and no more nanocrystals on a kapok petal in contrast to most natural superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical morphologies, such as the lotus leaf and rose petal. Experimental results show that the kapok petal has an excellent self-cleaning ability either in air or oil. Further scanning electron microscopy characterization demonstrates that the superhydrophobic state is induced by densely distributed microscale trichomes with an average diameter of 10.2 μm and a high aspect ratio of 17.5. A mechanical model is built to illustrate that the trichomes reentrant curvature should be a key factor to inducing the superhydrophobic state of the kapok petal. To support the proposed mechanism, gold-wire trichomes with a reentrant curvature are fabricated and the results show that a superhydrophobic state can be induced by the microstructures with a reentrant curvature surface. Taking the scalability and cost-efficiency of microstructure fabrication into account, we believe the biomimetic structures inspired by the superhydrophobic kapok petal can find numerous applications that require a superhydrophobic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Display and Optical Communication Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudong Yu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Display and Optical Communication Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Display and Optical Communication Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongtao Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Display and Optical Communication Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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