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Cornwell SE, Okocha SO, Ferrari E. Multivariate Analysis of Protein-Nanoparticle Binding Data Reveals a Selective Effect of Nanoparticle Material on the Formation of Soft Corona. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2901. [PMID: 37947745 PMCID: PMC10647827 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
When nanoparticles are introduced into the bloodstream, plasma proteins accumulate at their surface, forming a protein corona. This corona affects the properties of intravenously administered nanomedicines. The firmly bound layer of plasma proteins in direct contact with the nanomaterial is called the "hard corona". There is also a "soft corona" of loosely associated proteins. While the hard corona has been extensively studied, the soft corona is less understood due to its inaccessibility to analytical techniques. Our study used dynamic light scattering to determine the dissociation constant and thickness of the protein corona formed in solutions of silica or gold nanoparticles mixed with serum albumin, transferrin or prothrombin. Multivariate analysis showed that the nanoparticle material had a greater impact on binding properties than the protein type. Serum albumin had a distinct binding pattern compared to the other proteins tested. This pilot study provides a blueprint for future investigations into the complexity of the soft protein corona, which is key to developing nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Ferrari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
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2
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Mendes GR, Modenez IDA, Cagnani GR, Colombo RNP, Crespilho FN. Exploring Enzymatic Conformational Dynamics at Surfaces through μ-FTIR Spectromicroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11254-11262. [PMID: 37459476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of proteins onto solid supports has critical industrial, technological, and medical applications, and is a daily task in chemical research. Significant conformational rearrangements often occur due to enzyme-surface interactions, and it is of broad interest to develop methods to probe and better understand these molecular-level changes that contribute to the enzyme's catalytic activity and stability. While circular dichroism is a common method for solution-phase conformational study, the application to surface-supported proteins is not trivial and spatial mapping is not viable. On the other hand, a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces is not often found in most laboratories, therefore requiring an alternative and reliable method. Here, we employed high-dimensional data spectromicroscopy analysis in the infrared region (μ-FTIR) to investigate the enzyme's conformational change when adsorbed onto solid matrices, across a ca. 20 mm2 area. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme was adopted as a model enzyme to interact with CaF2, Au, and Au-thiol model substrates, strategically chosen for mapping the enzyme dynamics on solid surfaces with different polarity/hydrophobicity properties and extendable to other materials. Two-dimensional chemical maps indicate that the enzyme adsorbs with different patterns in which secondary structures dynamically adjust to optimize interprotein and enzyme-surface interactions. The results suggest an experimental approach to identify and map enzyme conformational dynamics onto different solid surfaces across space and provide insights into immobilized protein structure investigations for areas such as biosensing and bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rossi Mendes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Iago de Assis Modenez
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rosso Cagnani
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael N P Colombo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Frank Nelson Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
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Sahihi M, Faraudo J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adsorption of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on Polystyrene Surface. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3814-3824. [PMID: 35926227 PMCID: PMC9364975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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A prominent feature of coronaviruses is the presence
of a large
glycoprotein spike (S) protruding from the viral particle. The specific
interactions of a material with S determine key aspects such as its
possible role for indirect transmission or its suitability as a virucidal
material. Here, we consider all-atom molecular dynamics simulations
of the interaction between a polymer surface (polystyrene) and S in
its up and down conformations. Polystyrene is a commonly used plastic
found in electronics, toys, and many other common objects. Also, previous
atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments showed substantial adhesion
of S over polystyrene, stronger than in other common materials. Our
results show that the main driving forces for the adsorption of the
S protein over polystyrene were hydrophobic and π–π
interactions with S amino acids and glycans. The interaction was stronger
for the case of S in the up conformation, which exposes one highly
flexible receptor binding domain (RBD) that adjusts its conformation
to interact with the polymer surface. In this case, the interaction
has similar contributions from the RBD and glycans. In the case of
S in the down conformation, the interaction with the polystyrene surface
was weaker and it was dominated by glycans located near the RBD. We
do not find significant structural changes in the conformation of
S, a result which is in deep contrast to our previous results with
another hydrophobic surface (graphite). Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2
virions may adsorb strongly over plastic surfaces without significantly
affecting their infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sahihi
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Augmenting apoptosis-mediated anticancer activity of lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin by nanocombination with copper and iron hybrid nanometals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13153. [PMID: 35915221 PMCID: PMC9343395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need in the medicinal fields to discover biocompatible nanoformulations with low cytotoxicity, which provide new strategies for promising therapies for several types of tumors. Bovine lactoperoxidase (LP) and lactoferrin (LF) have recently attracted attention in medicine for their antitumor activities with recognized safety pattern. Both LP and LF are suitable proteins to be coated or adsorbed to Cu and Fe nanometals for developing stable nanoformulations that boost immunity and strong anticancer effects. New nanometals of Cu and Fe NPs embedded in LP and LF forming novel nanocombinations of LP-CNPs and LF-FNPs had a spherical shape with an average nanosize of about 21 nm. The combination of LP-CNPs and LF-FNPs significantly exhibited the highest growth inhibitory efficacy, in terms of effectively lowering the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, against Caco-2, HepG2 and MCF7 cells comparing to nanometals, LP, LF and individual nanoproteins (LP-CNPs or LF-FNPs). The highest apoptotic effect of this nanocombination (LP-CNPs and LF-FNPs) was confirmed by the highest percentages of annexin-stained apoptotic cells and G0 population with the strongest alteration in the expression of two well-characterized apoptosis guards (p53 and Bcl-2) and the maximum suppression in the proliferation marker (Ki-67). Also, the in silico analysis predicted that LP-CNPs and LF-FNPs enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, p53 activator) activity and inhibited cancer migration-related proteases (cathepsin B and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9). Our results offer for the first time that these novel nanocombinations of LP and LF were superior in their selectivity and apoptosis-mediating anticancer activity to Cu and Fe nanometals as well as the free form of these proteins or their individual nanoforms.
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Jordanoski D, Drobne D, Repar N, Dogsa I, Mrak P, Cerc-Korošec R, Škapin AS, Nadrah P, Poklar Ulrih N. A Novel Artificial Hemoglobin Carrier Based on Heulandite-Calcium Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7460. [PMID: 35806461 PMCID: PMC9267069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS)-based nanoparticles are most extensively used as a silica-based hemoglobin carrier system. However, TEOS-based nanoparticles induce adverse effects on the hemoglobin structure. Therefore, a heulandite-calcium-based carrier was investigated as a novel silica-based hemoglobin carrier system. The heulandite-calcium mesoporous aluminosilicate particles (MSPs) were fabricated by a patented tribo-mechanical activation process, according to the manufacturer, and its structure was assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Upon hemoglobin encapsulation, alternation in the secondary and tertiary structure was observed. The hemoglobin-particle interactions do not cause heme degradation or decreased activity. Once encapsulated inside the particle pores, the hemoglobin shows increased thermal stability, and higher loading capacity per gram of particles (by a factor of >1.4) when compared to TEOS-based nanoparticles. Futhermore, we introduced a PEGlyted lipid bilayer which significantly decreases the premature hemoglobin release and increases the colloidal stability. The newly developed hemoglobin carrier shows no cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Jordanoski
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Neža Repar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Polona Mrak
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Romana Cerc-Korošec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrijana Sever Škapin
- Slovenian National Bulding and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva Ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.S.Š.); (P.N.)
| | - Peter Nadrah
- Slovenian National Bulding and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva Ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.S.Š.); (P.N.)
| | - Natasa Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
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Yan C, Moretto E, Kachouri O, Biagi JL, Thomann JS, Kayser F, Dieden R. Revealing the dehydration/deuteration processes at the liquid-solid interface by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Domingo M, Faraudo J. Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and human skin models: a molecular dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9457-9468. [PMID: 34612290 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of contamination of human skin by infectious virions plays an important role in indirect transmission of respiratory viruses but little is known about the fundamental physico-chemical aspects of the virus-skin interactions. In the case of coronaviruses, the interaction with surfaces (including the skin surface) is mediated by their large glycoprotein spikes that protrude from (and cover) the viral envelope. Here, we perform all atomic simulations between the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and human skin models. We consider an "oily" skin covered by sebum and a "clean" skin exposing the stratum corneum. The simulations show that the spike tries to maximize the contacts with stratum corneum lipids, particularly ceramides, with substantial hydrogen bonding. In the case of "oily" skin, the spike is able to retain its structure, orientation and hydration over sebum with little interaction with sebum components. Comparison of these results with our previous simulations of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike with hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces, suggests that the "soft" or "hard" nature of the surface plays an essential role in the interaction of the spike protein with materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Domingo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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