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Zhao D, Jia W, Feng X, Yang H, Xie Y, Shang J, Wang P, Guo Y, Li RW. Flexible Sensors Based on Conductive Polymer Composites. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4664. [PMID: 39066060 PMCID: PMC11280612 DOI: 10.3390/s24144664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Elastic polymer-based conductive composites (EPCCs) are of great potential in the field of flexible sensors due to the advantages of designable functionality and thermal and chemical stability. As one of the popular choices for sensor electrodes and sensitive materials, considerable progress in EPCCs used in sensors has been made in recent years. In this review, we introduce the types and the conductive mechanisms of EPCCs. Furthermore, the recent advances in the application of EPCCs to sensors are also summarized. This review will provide guidance for the design and optimization of EPCCs and offer more possibilities for the development and application of flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaona Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Luo T, Farooq A, Weng W, Lu S, Luo G, Zhang H, Li J, Zhou X, Wu X, Huang L, Chen L, Wu H. Progress in the Preparation and Application of Breathable Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1686. [PMID: 38932036 PMCID: PMC11207707 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breathable membranes with micropores enable the transfer of gas molecules while blocking liquids and solids, and have a wide range of applications in medical, industrial, environmental, and energy fields. Breathability is highly influenced by the nature of a material, pore size, and pore structure. Preparation methods and the incorporation of functional materials are responsible for the variety of physical properties and applications of breathable membranes. In this review, the preparation methods of breathable membranes, including blown film extrusion, cast film extrusion, phase separation, and electrospinning, are discussed. According to the antibacterial, hydrophobic, thermal insulation, conductive, and adsorption properties, the application of breathable membranes in the fields of electronics, medicine, textiles, packaging, energy, and the environment are summarized. Perspectives on the development trends and challenges of breathable membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Luo
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Ambar Farooq
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Wenwei Weng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Shengchang Lu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Gai Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaxing Zhou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaobiao Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Ferreira R, Silva AP, Nunes-Pereira J. Current On-Skin Flexible Sensors, Materials, Manufacturing Approaches, and Study Trends for Health Monitoring: A Review. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1104-1133. [PMID: 38394033 PMCID: PMC10964246 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to an ever-increasing amount of the population focusing more on their personal health, thanks to rising living standards, there is a pressing need to improve personal healthcare devices. These devices presently require laborious, time-consuming, and convoluted procedures that heavily rely on cumbersome equipment, causing discomfort and pain for the patients during invasive methods such as sample-gathering, blood sampling, and other traditional benchtop techniques. The solution lies in the development of new flexible sensors with temperature, humidity, strain, pressure, and sweat detection and monitoring capabilities, mimicking some of the sensory capabilities of the skin. In this review, a comprehensive presentation of the themes regarding flexible sensors, chosen materials, manufacturing processes, and trends was made. It was concluded that carbon-based composite materials, along with graphene and its derivates, have garnered significant interest due to their electromechanical stability, extraordinary electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, variety, and relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo
G. Ferreira
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Abílio P. Silva
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Nunes-Pereira
- C-MAST, Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace
Science and Technologies, Universidade da
Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Hooshmand S, Kassanos P, Keshavarz M, Duru P, Kayalan CI, Kale İ, Bayazit MK. Wearable Nano-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Encountered Challenges in Optimization. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8648. [PMID: 37896744 PMCID: PMC10611361 DOI: 10.3390/s23208648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
With a rising emphasis on public safety and quality of life, there is an urgent need to ensure optimal air quality, both indoors and outdoors. Detecting toxic gaseous compounds plays a pivotal role in shaping our sustainable future. This review aims to elucidate the advancements in smart wearable (nano)sensors for monitoring harmful gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), hydrocarbons (CxHy), and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Differentiating this review from its predecessors, we shed light on the challenges faced in enhancing sensor performance and offer a deep dive into the evolution of sensing materials, wearable substrates, electrodes, and types of sensors. Noteworthy materials for robust detection systems encompass 2D nanostructures, carbon nanomaterials, conducting polymers, nanohybrids, and metal oxide semiconductors. A dedicated section dissects the significance of circuit integration, miniaturization, real-time sensing, repeatability, reusability, power efficiency, gas-sensitive material deposition, selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and response/recovery time, pinpointing gaps in the current knowledge and offering avenues for further research. To conclude, we provide insights and suggestions for the prospective trajectory of smart wearable nanosensors in addressing the extant challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hooshmand
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Panagiotis Kassanos
- The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Meysam Keshavarz
- The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pelin Duru
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (P.D.); (C.I.K.)
| | - Cemre Irmak Kayalan
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (P.D.); (C.I.K.)
| | - İzzet Kale
- Applied DSP and VLSI Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Mustafa Kemal Bayazit
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (P.D.); (C.I.K.)
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5
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Hu X, Yu X, Xiong X, Li S, Jin T, Chen Y. Enhancing anti‐thermal hysteresis ability, response stability and sensitivity of polymer humidity sensor by in‐situ crosslinking curing method. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyan Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. Chongqing China
| | - Siyi Li
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Jin
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yufang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Testing Technical Services (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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Niu G, Wang Z, Xue Y, Yan J, Dutta A, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu C, Du S, Guo L, Zhou P, Cheng H, Yang L. Pencil-on-Paper Humidity Sensor Treated with NaCl Solution for Health Monitoring and Skin Characterization. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1252-1260. [PMID: 36584409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although flexible humidity sensors are essential for human health monitoring, it is still challenging to achieve high sensitivity and easy disposal with simple, low-cost fabrication processes. This study presents the design and fabrication of highly reliable hand-drawn interdigital electrodes from pencil-on-paper treated with NaCl solution for highly sensitive hydration sensors working over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) levels from 5.6% to 90%. The applications of the resulting flexible humidity sensor go beyond the monitoring of respiratory rate and proximity to characterizations of human skin types and evaluations of skin barrier functions through insensible sweat measurements. The sensor array can also be integrated with a diaper to result in smart diapers to alert for an early diaper change. The design and fabrication strategies presented in this work could also be leveraged for the development of wearable, self-powered, and recyclable sensors and actuators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Niu
- Department of Architecture and Art, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ye Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chaosai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shuaijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Langang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Tianjin Tianzhong Yimai Technology Development Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Tianzhong Yimai Technology Development Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300384, China
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Liu E, Cai Z, Ye Y, Zhou M, Liao H, Yi Y. An Overview of Flexible Sensors: Development, Application, and Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:817. [PMID: 36679612 PMCID: PMC9863693 DOI: 10.3390/s23020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and advancement of flexible electronics have great potential to lead development trends in many fields, such as "smart electronic skin" and wearable electronics. By acting as intermediates to detect a variety of external stimuli or physiological parameters, flexible sensors are regarded as a core component of flexible electronic systems and have been extensively studied. Unlike conventional rigid sensors requiring costly instruments and complicated fabrication processes, flexible sensors can be manufactured by simple procedures with excellent production efficiency, reliable output performance, and superior adaptability to the irregular surface of the surroundings where they are applied. Here, recent studies on flexible sensors for sensing humidity and strain/pressure are outlined, emphasizing their sensory materials, working mechanisms, structures, fabrication methods, and particular applications. Furthermore, a conclusion, including future perspectives and a short overview of the market share in this field, is given for further advancing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Preparation Methods and Functional Characteristics of Regenerated Keratin-Based Biofilms. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214723. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling, development, and application of keratin-containing waste (e.g., hair, wool, feather, and so on) provide an important means to address related environmental pollution and energy shortage issues. The extraction of keratin and the development of keratin-based functional materials are key to solving keratin-containing waste pollution. Keratin-based biofilms are gaining substantial interest due to their excellent characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, high biodegradability, appropriate adsorption, and rich renewable sources, among others. At present, keratin-based biofilms are a good option for various applications, and the development of keratin-based biofilms from keratin-containing waste is considered crucial for sustainable development. In this paper, in order to achieve clean production while maintaining the functional characteristics of natural keratin as much as possible, four important keratin extraction methods—thermal hydrolysis, ultrasonic technology, eco-friendly solvent system, and microbial decomposition—are described, and the characteristics of these four extraction methods are analysed. Next, methods for the preparation of keratin-based biofilms are introduced, including solvent casting, electrospinning, template self-assembly, freeze-drying, and soft lithography methods. Then, the functional properties and application prospects of keratin-based biofilms are discussed. Finally, future research directions related to keratin-based biofilms are proposed. Overall, it can be concluded that the high-value conversion of keratin-containing waste into regenerated keratin-based biofilms has great importance for sustainable development and is highly suggested due to their great potential for use in biomedical materials, optoelectronic devices, and metal ion detection applications. It is hoped that this paper can provide some basic information for the development and application of keratin-based biofilms.
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Tang F, Li Y, Zeng B, Liu G, Zhao J, Chen L. Lamellar Nanocomposite Based on a 1D Crayfish-like Ce III-Substituted Phospho(III)tungstate Semiconductor and Polyaniline Used as a High-Performance Humidity Sensing Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48876-48887. [PMID: 36256886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet people's demand for intelligent management of daily life and health, manufacturing and developing humidity monitoring equipment with convenience, high sensitivity, easy miniaturization, and low cost is particularly important in the era of rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. Polyaniline (PANI) is an attractive humidity sensing material due to its designable functional properties. However, PANI modified polyoxometalates (POMs) for humidity sensing are still rare. As a proof of concept, a novel moisture sensing composite material was obtained based on PANI and a novel 1D rare-earth-substituted phospho(III)tungstate [H2N(CH3)2]9Na3H6[Ce2(H2O)3W5O13(C2O4)][HPIIIW9O33]2[(HPIII)2W15O54]·42H2O (1). Notably, the anion structure of 1 contains trivacant Keggin-type [B-α-HPIIIW9O33]8- and Dawson-like [(HPIII)2W15O54]10- subunits linked by a heterometallic [Ce2(H2O)3W5O32(C2O4)]30- cluster. Furthermore, the 1/PANI composite shows a typical semiconductive characteristic with a "band-like" conductive mechanism. The fabricated 1/PANI-based humidity sensing device exhibits a broad sensing range (11∼97% relative humidity), fast response/recovery time (3.45 s/3.24 s), good repeatability, and long-term stability (over 3 months). Additionally, the possible sensing mechanism is proposed. This work offers an enormous possibility for the design of high-performance humidity sensing materials through POM material chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhou Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxing Zeng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on surfaces, they present unique and tunable structures. Because of the ease of incorporating different elements to form composite materials, conductive polymers have been widely used in a plethora of applications. Their inherent mechanical tolerance limit makes them ideal for flexible devices, such as electrodes for batteries, artificial muscles, organic electronics, and sensors. As the demand for the next generation of (wearable) personal and flexible sensing devices is increasing, this review aims to discuss and summarize the recent manufacturing advances made on flexible electrochemical sensors.
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11
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Respiratory Monitoring by Ultrafast Humidity Sensors with Nanomaterials: A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031251. [PMID: 35161997 PMCID: PMC8838830 DOI: 10.3390/s22031251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory monitoring is a fundamental method to understand the physiological and psychological relationships between respiration and the human body. In this review, we overview recent developments on ultrafast humidity sensors with functional nanomaterials for monitoring human respiration. Key advances in design and materials have resulted in humidity sensors with response and recovery times reaching 8 ms. In addition, these sensors are particularly beneficial for respiratory monitoring by being portable and noninvasive. We systematically classify the reported sensors according to four types of output signals: impedance, light, frequency, and voltage. Design strategies for preparing ultrafast humidity sensors using nanomaterials are discussed with regard to physical parameters such as the nanomaterial film thickness, porosity, and hydrophilicity. We also summarize other applications that require ultrafast humidity sensors for physiological studies. This review provides key guidelines and directions for preparing and applying such sensors in practical applications.
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12
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Chen K, Liu M, Wang F, Hu Y, Liu P, Li C, Du Q, Yu Y, Xiao X, Feng Q. Highly Transparent, Self-Healing, and Self-Adhesive Double Network Hydrogel for Wearable Sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:846401. [PMID: 35198546 PMCID: PMC8859421 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.846401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible electronic devices are essential in future healthcare and biomedical applications, such as human motion monitoring, advanced diagnostics, physiotherapy, etc. As a satisfactory flexible electronic material, the hydrogel should be conductive, ductile, self-healing, and adhesive. Herein, we demonstrated a unique design of mechanically resilient and conductive hydrogel with double network structure. The Ca2+ crosslinked alginate as the first dense network and the ionic pair crosslinked polyzwitterion as the second loose network. With the synthetic effect of these two networks, this hydrogel showed excellent mechanical properties, such as superior stretchability (1,375%) and high toughness (0.57 MJ/m3). At the same time, the abundant ionic groups of the polyzwitterion network endowed our hydrogel with excellent conductivity (0.25 S/m). Moreover, due to the dynamic property of these two networks, our hydrogel also performed good self-healing performance. Besides, our experimental results indicated that this hydrogel also had high optical transmittance (92.2%) and adhesive characteristics. Based on these outstanding properties, we further explored the utilization of this hydrogel as a flexible wearable strain sensor. The data strongly proved its enduring accuracy and sensitivity to detect human motions, including large joint flexion (such as finger, elbow, and knee), foot planter pressure measurement, and local muscle movement (such as eyebrow and mouth). Therefore, we believed that this hydrogel had great potential applications in wearable health monitoring, intelligent robot, human-machine interface, and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, China
| | - Mingxiang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Biomaterial, College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Department of Biomaterial, College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Feng, ; Xiufeng Xiao, ; Yongsheng Yu,
| | - Xiufeng Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Feng, ; Xiufeng Xiao, ; Yongsheng Yu,
| | - Qian Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Feng, ; Xiufeng Xiao, ; Yongsheng Yu,
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