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Yang X, Lv X, Tong K, Peng M, He Z, Sun P, Sun X. Cocatalyst Modified Polymeric Carbon Nitride Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300650. [PMID: 38308611 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As a new organic photocatalyst, polymeric carbon nitride (CN) has shown good application potential in the field of photoelectrochemistry due to its unique physical and chemical properties, but its application has been seriously hindered due to its inherent characteristics such as the difficulty in charge separation. In this study, FeOOH modified CN photoanode (CN-Fe) was constructed to investigate the effect of the cocatalyst on the charge injection capacity of organic semiconductor photoelectrodes. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvement in the charge injection efficiency of the photoanode due to the introduction of FeOOH cocatalyst, leading to enhanced photoelectrochemical performance with approximately 2.4 times increase in photocurrent density. By thoroughly investigating the mechanism behind the loading of FeOOH on the polymeric carbon nitride photoanode, we gained profound insights into the behavior of charge carriers and reaction kinetics during the photoelectrocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Yang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaowei Lv
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, 443007, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Tong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
| | - Mengyang Peng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
| | - Zeyao He
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002, Yichang, China
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2
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Liu R, Liu S, Lin J, Zhang X, Li Y, Pan H, Kong L, Zhu S, Wang J. Bi-directional charge transfer channels in highly crystalline carbon nitride enabling superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9802-9810. [PMID: 38712434 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introducing a donor-acceptor (D-A) unit is an effective approach to facilitate charge transfer in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) and enhance photocatalytic performance. However, the introduction of hetero-molecules can lead to a decrease in crystallinity, limiting interlayer charge transfer and inhibiting further improvement. In this study, we constructed a novel D-A type carbon nitride with significantly higher crystallinity and a bi-directional charge transfer channel, which was achieved through 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (2,5-TDCA)-assisted self-assembly followed by KCl-templated calcination. The thiophene and cyano groups introduced serve as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively, enhancing in-plane electron delocalization. Additionally, introduced potassium ions are intercalated among the adjacent layers of carbon nitride, creating an interlayer charge transfer channel. Moreover, the highly ordered structure and improved crystallinity further facilitate charge transfer. As a result, the as-prepared photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity of 7.449 mmol h-1 g-1, which is 6.03 times higher than that of pure carbon nitride. The strategy of developing crystalline D-A-structured carbon nitride with controlled in-plane and interlayer charge transfer opens new avenues for the design of carbon nitride with enhanced properties for PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jingyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lingti Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
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Zhang X, Wu F, Li G, Wang L, Huang J, Song A, Meng A, Li Z. Construction of intramolecular donor-acceptor type carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:439-450. [PMID: 37951001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency photocatalysts based on organic polymeric semiconductor are often limited by slow charge separation kinetics and sluggish redox reaction dynamics. Herein, the donor-acceptor conjugated polymeric carbon nitride (D/A-CN) was synthesized by grafting benzene ring and pyridine moiety into the backbone of CN through a flexible pyrolysis strategy. The D/A-CN shows a high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 4795 µmol·h-1·g-1, which is ≈6.08 times higher than that of pristine CN (787.5 µmol·h-1·g-1). Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that the robust internal electric field is established in the D/A-CN framework due to the enhanced molecular dipole, which apply a kinetic force to facilitate the separation and mobility of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, the deeper conduction band potential caused by the elevated orbital energy level of D/A-CN contributes to the enhanced reduction ability of photoinduced electron. Consequently, the faster carrier transfer kinetics and the stronger thermodynamic reduction driving force synergistically lead to efficient photocatalytic H2 production of D/A-CN. This work reinforces the comprehension of the structure-performance relationship of donor-acceptor structural photocatalysts and provides an insight for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of polymeric photocatalysts at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Guicun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Manufacture of Ceramic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Aili Song
- Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Alan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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Wang N, Cheng L, Liao Y, Xiang Q. Effect of Functional Group Modifications on the Photocatalytic Performance of g-C 3 N 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300109. [PMID: 36965084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysis has received increasing attention in alleviating energy scarcity and environmental treatment, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is used as an ideal photocatalyst. However, it still remains numerous challenges to obtain the desirable photocatalytic performance of intrinsic g-C3 N4 . Functional group functionalization, formed by introducing functional groups into the bulk structure, is one of the common modification techniques to modulate the carrier dynamics and increases the number of active sites, offering new opportunities to break the limits for structure-to-performance relationship of g-C3 N4 . Nevertheless, the general overview of the advance of functional group modification of g-C3 N4 is less reported yet. In order to better understand the structure-to-performance relationship at the molecular level, a review of the latest development of functional group modification is urgently needed. In this review, the functional group modification of g-C3 N4 in terms of structures, properties, and photocatalytic activity is mainly focused, as well as their mechanism of reaction from the molecular level insights is explained. Second, the recent progress of the application of introducing functional groups in g-C3 N4 is introduced and examples are given. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are presented, and based on this, an outlook on the future research development direction is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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Wudil Y, Ahmad U, Gondal M, Al-Osta MA, Almohammedi A, Said R, Hrahsheh F, Haruna K, Mohammed J. Tuning of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) for Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Yang F, Qu J, Zheng Y, Cai Y, Yang X, Li CM, Hu J. Recent advances in high-crystalline conjugated organic polymeric materials for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15217-15241. [PMID: 36218062 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to high-value-added fuels is a meaningful strategy to achieve carbon neutrality and alleviate the energy crisis. However, the low efficiency, poor selectivity, and insufficient product variety greatly limit its practical applications. In this regard, conjugated organic polymeric materials including carbon nitride (g-C3N4), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) exhibit enormous potential owing to their structural diversity and functional tunability. Nevertheless, their catalytic activities are largely suppressed by the traditional amorphous or weakly crystalline structures. Therefore, constructing relevant high-crystalline materials to ameliorate their inherent drawbacks is an efficient strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance of conjugated organic polymeric materials. In this review, the advantages of high-crystalline organic polymeric materials including reducing the concentration of defects, enhancing the built-in electric field, reducing the interlayer hydrogen bonding, and crystal plane regulation are highlighted. Furthermore, the strategies for their synthesis such as molten-salt, solid salt template, and microwave-assisted methods are comprehensively summarized, while the modification strategies including defect engineering, element doping, surface loading, and heterojunction construction are elaborated for enhancing their photocatalytic activities. Ultimately, the challenges and opportunities of high-crystalline conjugated organic polymeric materials in photocatalytic CO2 conversion are prospected to give some inspiration and guidance for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jiafu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yahui Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Chang Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jundie Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Zheng J, Liang Y, Li G, Jin B, Wan C, Ye M, Xu L. Mn‐Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Supported Bimetallic PtNi Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Generation from Hydrous Hydrazine. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junning Zheng
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Yu Liang
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Gui Li
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Biyu Jin
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
| | - Chao Wan
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Mingfu Ye
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry Ministry of Education) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Engineering Research Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 China
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Yang Y, Niu W, Dang L, Mao Y, Wu J, Xu K. Recent Progress in Doped g-C3N4 Photocatalyst for Solar Water Splitting: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:955065. [PMID: 35910723 PMCID: PMC9328273 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.955065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysis for water splitting is harvested as a fascinating way for addressing the global energy crisis. At present, numerous research subjects have been achieved to design and develop g-C3N4 photocatalysis, and the photocatalytic system still suffers from low efficiency that is far from practical applications. Here, there is an inspiring review on the latest progress of the doping strategies to modify g-C3N4 for enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting, including non-metal doping, metal doping, and molecular doping. Finally, the review concludes a summary and highlights some perspectives on the challenges and future research of g-C3N4 photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Wantong Niu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Liyun Dang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yanli Mao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Junshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kaidong Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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