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Zeng W, Qian J, Wang Y, Shou M, Kai G. Bletilla Striata polysaccharides thermosensitive gel for photothermal treatment of bacterial infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127430. [PMID: 37838114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the most important defense shield which touched external environment directly. Effectively clearing microbes in infected wound via non-antibiotic therapy is crucial for the promotion of recovery in complex biological environments, and the wound healing is a crucial process after sterilization to avoid superinfection. Herein, a kind of Prussian blue-based photothermal responsive gel, Bletilla striata polysaccharide-mingled, isatin-functionalized Prussian blue gel (PB-ISA/BSP gel) was reported for effective treatment of bacterial infection and wound healing. The introduction of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), isatin (ISA), enhanced the efficiency of sterilization synergistically. Furthermore, the process of wound healing was promoted by Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP). PB-ISA@BSP had a considerable antibacterial rate with 98.5 % under an 808 nm laser for 10 min in vitro. Besides, PB-ISA/BSP gel showed an effective antibacterial efficacy in vivo and a fast wound healing rate as well. The as-prepared functional particles can invade and destroy bacteria membrane to kill microbes. This work highlights that PB-ISA/BSP gel is a promising antibacterial agent based on synergistically enhanced photothermal effect and wound healing promotion ability and provides inspiration for future therapy based on the synergy between photothermal agent and active components in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China
| | - Jun Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China
| | - Minyu Shou
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, PR China.
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He H, Long M, Duan Y, Gu N. Prussian blue nanozymes: progress, challenges, and opportunities. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12818-12839. [PMID: 37496423 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Prussian Blue Nanozymes (PBNZs) have emerged as highly efficient agents for reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, owing to their multiple enzyme-like properties encompassing catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. As a functional nanomaterial mimicking enzyme, PBNZs not only surmount the limitations of natural enzymes, such as instability and high manufacturing costs, but also exhibit superior stability, tunable activity, low storage expenses, and remarkable reusability. Consequently, PBNZs have gained significant attention in diverse biomedical applications, including disease diagnosis and therapy. Over the past decade, propelled by advancements in catalysis science, biotechnology, computational science, and nanotechnology, PBNZs have witnessed remarkable progress in the exploration of their enzymatic activities, elucidation of catalytic mechanisms, and wide-ranging applications. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic overview of the discovery and catalytic mechanisms of PBNZ, along with the strategies employed to modulate their multiple enzyme-like activities. Furthermore, we extensively survey the recent advancements in utilizing PBNZs for scavenging ROS in various biomedical applications. Lastly, we analyze the existing challenges of translating PBNZs into therapeutic agents for clinical use and outline future research directions in this field. By presenting a comprehensive synopsis of the current state of knowledge, this review seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the immense potential of PBNZs as an innovative therapeutic agent in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Qi C, Chen J, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Tu J. PHMB modified photothermally triggered nitric oxide release nanoplatform for precise synergistic therapy of wound bacterial infections. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123014. [PMID: 37146954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection has been considered as a significant obstacle for wound healing. Nitric oxide (NO), as a novel alternative for antibiotics, has emerged as a promising antibacterial agent. However, the precise spatiotemporal controlled release of NO still remains a major challenge. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) light triggered NO release nanoplatform (designated as PB-NO@PDA-PHMB) with enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties was constructed. Given that PB-NO@PDA-PHMB has strong absorption in the NIR region and exhibits excellent photothermal effect, it can rapidly trigger NO release by NIR irradiation. PB-NO@PDA-PHMB can effectively contact and capture bacteria, and then exhibit synergistic effect of photothermal and gas therapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that PB-NO@PDA-PHMB exhibited excellent biocompatibility, satisfactory synergistic antibacterial efficacy and the capability of accelerating wound healing. Under NIR irradiation (808 nm, 1 W cm-2, 7 min), PB-NO@PDA-PHMB (80 μg mL-1) achieved 100% bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus), removed 58.94% of S. aureus biofilm. Therefore, this all-in-one antibacterial nanoplatform with high NIR responsiveness provides a promising antibiotic-free strategy for bacterial infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhuang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yipin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Lu K, Zhu XY, Li Y, Gu N. Progress in the preparation of Prussian blue-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 36748242 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue (PB) is composed of the coordination network of Fe2+-CN-Fe3+ mixed valence state as a classic metal complex, which includes a C atom and Fe2+ (low spin), N atom and Fe3+ (high spin). PB and its analogues (PBA) have excellent biosafety, good magnetic properties, outstanding photothermal properties and the ability to mimic enzymatic behaviors due to their stable structure, tunable size, controllable morphology, abundant modification methods and excellent physicochemical properties. They have received increasing research interest and have shown promising applications in the biomedical field. Here, progress in the preparation of PB-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications is summarized and discussed. The preparation strategies, traditional synthesis and emerging preparation methods of PB are summarized systematically in this review. The design and preparation of PBA, PB(PBA)-based hollow structures and PB(PBA)-based composites are also included. While introducing the preparation status, some PB-based nanomaterials that have performed well in specific biomedical fields are emphasized. More importantly, the key factors and future development of PB for the clinical translation as multifunctional nanomaterials are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the design and biomedical application of PB-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China. .,Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Xu P, Huang W, Yang J, Fu X, Jing W, Zhou Y, Cai Y, Yang Z. Copper-rich multifunctional Prussian blue nanozymes for infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1258-1270. [PMID: 36464186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The healing process of infected wounds was limited by bacterial infection, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and tissue hypoxia. In order to alleviate the above situations, herein, a copper-rich multifunctional ultra-small Prussian blue nanozymes (HPP@Cu NZs) was constructed for infected wound synergistic treatment. Firstly, hyaluronic acid was modified by branched polyethyleneimine which could form a complex with copper ions, to construct copper-rich Prussian blue nanozymes. Secondly, the HPP@Cu NZs have a uniform ultra-small nano size and excellent photothermal response performance, exhibition of multifunctional enzymatic activity and anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, the slow release of copper ions in the HPP@Cu NZs could effectively promote the formation of new blood vessels, thus giving it multifunctional properties. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that it not only could effectively inhibit and kill bacteria under 808 nm near-infrared laser but also could remove excessive ROS, regulate oxygen levels, and anti-inflammation. More importantly, the release of copper ions could synergistically promote the healing of infected wounds as well as good biocompatibility. Overall, our studies provide a multifunctional strategy for infected wounds with synergistic treatment based on carrier construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Weihong Jing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yucen Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Chen L, Zhang D, Cheng K, Li W, Yu Q, Wang L. Photothermal-responsive fiber dressing with enhanced antibacterial activity and cell manipulation towards promoting wound‐healing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li D, Liu M, Li W, Fu Q, Wang L, Lai E, Zhao W, Zhang K. Synthesis of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial, Antiinflammation and Antitumor Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070769. [PMID: 35890068 PMCID: PMC9323998 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), also named Prussian blue nano-enzymes, have been shown to demonstrate excellent multi-enzyme simulation activity and anti-inflammatory properties, and can be used as reactive oxygen scavengers. Their good biocompatibility and biodegradability mean that they are ideal candidates for in vivo use. PBNPs are highly efficient electron transporters with oxidation and reduction activities. PBNPs also show considerable promise as nano-drug carriers and biological detection sensors owing to their huge specific surface area, good chemical characteristics, and changeable qualities, which might considerably increase the therapeutic impact. More crucially, PBNPs, as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, have made significant advances in biological nanomedicine. This review begins with a brief description of the synthesis methods of PBNPs, then focuses on the applications of PBNPs in tissue regeneration and inflammation according to the different properties of PBNPs. This article will provide a timely reference for further study of PBNPs as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Meng Liu
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Liyang Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Enping Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545026, China;
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Kaile Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (D.L.); (M.L.); (Q.F.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.Z.)
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Chen Y, Cai J, Liu D, Liu S, Lei D, Zheng L, Wei Q, Gao M. Zinc based metal organic framework with antibacterial and anti- inflammatory properties for promoting wound healing. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac019. [PMID: 35493287 PMCID: PMC9046580 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergistic effect of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory is needed to overcome the problem of wound healing difficulties. Based on the favorable antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of zinc ions (Zn2+) and the physicochemical properties of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), we prepared nanosized zinc-based MOF: Zn-BTC with the ability to slowly release Zn2+. In cellular levels, Zn-BTC possessed lower toxicity to fibroblasts and enhanced capacity of cell proliferation and migration. It also had good bactericidal effect on multiple drug-resistant bacteria by reducing 41.4% MRSA and 47.2% Escherichia coli. In addition, Zn-BTC also displayed the ability of lowering the expression of antioxidant genes: superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and interleukin 6, and enhancing the expression of wound healing genes: transforming growth factors-β and type I collagen. Finally, it also demonstrated that Zn-BTC could effectively improve the skin wound healing of SD rats and had no toxicity on major organs. The favorable biocompatibility, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Zn-BTC gave a new insight of designing novel MOFs for promoting skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinhong Cai
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dachang Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Doudou Lei
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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