Nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber with enriched Fe2N sites: Synthesis and application as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells

Modification of carbon nanofibers for boosting oxygen electrocatalysis

Oxygen electrocatalysis is a key process for many effective energy conversion techniques, which requires the development of high-performance electrocatalysts. Carbon nanofibers featuring good electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, high axial strength and modulus, and good resistance toward harsh environments have thus been recognized as reinforcements in oxygen electrocatalysis. This review summarizes the recent progress on carbon nanofibers as electrocatalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis, with special focus on the modulation of carbon nanofibers for further elevating their electrocatalytic performance, which includes morphological and structural engineering, surface and pore size distribution, defect engineering, and coupling with other electroactive materials. Additionally, the correlation between the geometrical/electronic structure of their active centers and electrocatalytic activity is systematically discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives of this interesting research field are presented, which we hope will provide guidance for the future fabrication of more advanced carbon-fiber-based electrocatalysts.

Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Technology: From Textile Fibers to Devices

Smart textile fabrics have been widely investigated and used in flexible wearable electronics because of their unique structure, flexibility and breathability, which are highly desirable with integrated multifunctionality. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of textile fiber-based flexible wearable devices. However, the pristine textile fibers still can't meet the high standards for practical flexible wearable devices, which calls for the development of some effective modification strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the flexible wearable devices based on the textile fibers, putting special emphasis on the design and modifications of textile fibers. In addition, the applications of textile fibers in various fields and the critical role of textile fibers are also systematically discussed, which include the supercapacitors, sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators, thermoelectrics, and other self-powered electronic devices. Finally, the main challenges that should be overcome and some effective solutions are also manifested, which will guide the future development of more effective textile fiber-based flexible wearable devices.

Heteroatom Doping Promoting CoP for Driving Water Splitting

CoP nanomaterials have been extensively regarded as one of the most promising electrocatalysts for overall water splitting due to their unique bifunctionality. Although the great promise for future applications, some important issues should also be addressed. Heteroatom doping has been widely acknowledged as a potential strategy for improving the electrocatalytic performance of CoP and narrowing the gap between experimental study and industrial applications. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of heteroatom-doped CoP electrocatalysts for water splitting. Aiming to provide guidance for the future development of more effective CoP-based electrocatalysts, we herein organize a comprehensive review of this interesting field, with the special focus on the effects of heteroatom doping on the catalytic performance of CoP. Additionally, many heteroatom-doped CoP electrocatalysts for water splitting are also discussed, and the structure-activity relationship is also manifested. Finally, a systematic conclusion and outlook is well organized to provide direction for the future development of this interesting field.

Interfacial built-in electric-field for boosting energy conversion electrocatalysis

The formation of a built-in electric field (BIEF) can induce electron-rich and electron-poor counterparts to synergistically modify electronic configurations and optimize the binding strengths with intermediates, thereby leading to outstanding electrocatalytic performance. Herein, a critical review regarding the concept, modulation strategies, and applications of BIEFs is comprehensively summarized, which begins with the fundamental concepts, together with the advantages of BIEF for boosting electrocatalytic reactions. Then, a systematic summary of the advanced strategies for the modulation of BIEF along with the in-detail mechanisms in its formation are also added. Finally, the applications of BIEF in driving electrocatalytic reactions and some cascade systems for illustrating the conclusive role from the induced BIEF are also systematically discussed, followed by perspectives on the future deployment and opportunity of the BIEF design.

Engineering the electronic structure of high performance FeCo bimetallic cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cell application in treating wastewater

The development of high-performance, strong-durability and low-cost cathode catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, a series of bimetallic catalysts were synthesized by pyrolyzing a mixture of g-C₃N₄ and Fe, Co-tannic complex with various Fe/Co atomic ratios. The initial Fe/Co atomic ratio (3.5:0.5, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3) could regulate the electronic state, which effectively promoted the intrinsic electrocatalytic ORR activity. The alloy metal particles and metal-N_x sites presented on the catalyst surface. In addition, N-doped carbon interconnected network consisting of graphene-like and bamboo-like carbon nanotube structure derived from g-C₃N₄ provided more accessible active sites. The resultant Fe₃Co₁ catalyst calcined at 700 °C (Fe₃Co₁-700) exhibited high catalytic performance in neutral electrolyte with a half-wave potential of 0.661 V, exceeding that of the commercial Pt/C (0.6 V). As expected, the single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) with 1 mg/cm² loading of Fe₃Co₁-700 catalyst as the cathode catalyst afforded a maximum power density of 1425 mW/m², which was 10.5% higher than commercial Pt/C catalyst with the same loading (1290 mW/m²) and comparable to the Pt/C catalyst with 2.5 times higher loading ( 1430 mW/m²). Additionally, the Fe₃Co₁-700 also displayed better long-term stability over 1100 h than the Pt/C. This work provides an effective strategy for regulating the surface electronic state in the bimetallic electro-catalyst.

Electrospun one-dimensional electrocatalysts for boosting electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic reaction plays a crucial role in determining the energy conversion efficiency in advanced technology. However, it is limited by the sluggish reaction kinetics and high energy barrier. These shortcomings...