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Su C, Zou S, Li J, Wang L, Huang J. Supporting Nano Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Compounds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400602. [PMID: 38760993 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The selective hydrogenation of biomass derivatives presents a promising pathway for the production of high-value chemicals and fuels, thereby reducing reliance on traditional petrochemical industries. Recent strides in catalyst nanostructure engineering, achieved through tailored support properties, have significantly enhanced the hydrogenation performance in biomass upgrading. A comprehensive understanding of biomass selective upgrading reactions and the current advancement in supported catalysts is crucial for guiding future processes in renewable biomass. This review aims to summarize the development of supported nanocatalysts for the selective hydrogenation of the US DOE's biomass platform compounds derivatives into valuable upgraded molecules. The discussion includes an exploration of the reaction mechanisms and conditions in catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) and high-pressure hydrogenation. By thoroughly examining the tailoring of supports, such as metal oxide catalysts and porous materials, in nano-supported catalysts, we elucidate the promoting role of nanostructure engineering in biomass hydrogenation. This endeavor seeks to establish a robust theoretical foundation for the fabrication of highly efficient catalysts. Furthermore, the review proposes prospects in the field of biomass utilization and address application bottlenecks and industrial challenges associated with the large-scale utilization of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Su
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sibei Zou
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jiaquan Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2008, Sydney, Australia
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Zheng F, Cao Z, Lin T, Tu B, Shao S, Yang C, An P, Chen W, Fang Q, Wang Y, Tang Z, Li G. Nanocavity in hollow sandwiched catalysts as substrate regulator for boosting hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9896. [PMID: 38758785 PMCID: PMC11100558 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrodeoxygenation of oxygen-rich molecules toward hydrocarbons is attractive yet challenging in the sustainable biomass upgrading. The typical supported metal catalysts often display unstable catalytic performances owing to the migration and aggregation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into large sizes under harsh conditions. Here, we develop a crystal growth and post-synthetic etching method to construct hollow chromium terephthalate MIL-101 (named as HoMIL-101) with one layer of sandwiched Ru NPs as robust catalysts. Impressively, HoMIL-101@Ru@MIL-101 exhibits the excellent activity and stability for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone under 50°C and 1-megapascal H2, and its activity is about six times of solid sandwich counterparts, outperforming the state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts. Control experiments and theoretical simulation clearly indicate that the enrichment of levulinic acid and H2 by nanocavity as substrate regulator enables self-regulating the backwash of both substrates toward Ru NPs sandwiched in MIL-101 shells for promoting reaction with respect to solid counterparts, thus leading to the substantially enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhouwen Cao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengxian Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Caoyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100181, P.R. China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yinglong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Manaenkov O, Nikoshvili L, Bykov A, Kislitsa O, Grigoriev M, Sulman M, Matveeva V, Kiwi-Minsker L. An Overview of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene for the Synthesis and Transformation of Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Molecules 2023; 28:8126. [PMID: 38138614 PMCID: PMC10745566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platform chemicals, also known as chemical building blocks, are substances that serve as starting materials for the synthesis of various value-added products, which find a wide range of applications. These chemicals are the key ingredients for many fine and specialty chemicals. Most of the transformations of platform chemicals are catalytic processes, which should meet the requirements of sustainable chemistry: to be not toxic for humans, to be safe for the environment, and to allow multiple reuses of catalytic materials. This paper presents an overview of a new class of heterogeneous catalysts based on nanoparticles of catalytically active metals stabilized by a polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS). This polymeric support is characterized by hierarchical porosity (including meso- and macropores along with micropores), which is important both for the formation of metal nanoparticles and for efficient mass transfer of reactants. The influence of key parameters such as the morphology of nanoparticles (bimetallic versus monometallic) and the presence of functional groups in the polymer matrix on the catalytic properties is considered. Emphasis is placed on the use of this class of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of plant polysaccharides into polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, and glycols), hydrogenation of levulinic acid, furfural, oxidation of disaccharides, and some other reactions that might be useful for large-scale industrial processes that aim to be sustainable. Some challenges related to the use of HPS-based catalysts are addressed and multiple perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Manaenkov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Linda Nikoshvili
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Alexey Bykov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Olga Kislitsa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Maxim Grigoriev
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Mikhail Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB-EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Li B, Su Y. Theoretical Insights on ORR Activity of Sn-N-C Single-Atom Catalysts. Molecules 2023; 28:5571. [PMID: 37513442 PMCID: PMC10384839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of efficient and stable single-atom catalysts (SACs) has become a pivotal pursuit in the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal-air batteries (MABs), aiming to enhance the utilization of clean and sustainable energy sources. The development of such SACs has been greatly significant in facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process, thereby contributing to the progress of these energy conversion technologies. However, while transition metal-based SACs have been extensively studied, there has been comparatively less exploration of SACs based on p-block main-group metals. In this study, we conducted an investigation into the potential of p-block main-group Sn-based SACs as a cost-effective and efficient alternative to platinum-based catalysts for the ORR. Our approach involved employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations to systematically examine the catalyst properties of Sn-based N-doped graphene SACs, the ORR mechanism, and their electrocatalytic performance. Notably, we employed an H atom-decorated N-based graphene matrix as a support to anchor single Sn atoms, creating a contrast catalyst to elucidate the differences in activity and properties compared to pristine Sn-based N-doped graphene SACs. Through our theoretical analysis, we gained a comprehensive understanding of the active structure of Sn-based N-doped graphene electrocatalysts, which provided a rational explanation for the observed high four-electron reactivity in the ORR process. Additionally, we analyzed the relationship between the estimated overpotential and the electronic structure properties, revealing that the single Sn atom was in a +2 oxidation state based on electronic analysis. Overall, this work represented a significant step towards the development of efficient and cost-effective SACs for ORR which could alleviate environmental crises, advance clean and sustainable energy sources, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
| | - Boyang Li
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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5
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Yan Z, Li Q, Zhang C, Liang X. Synergistic contribution of metal-acid sites in selective hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derivatives over Cu/CoO x catalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:1-11. [PMID: 37295360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficient hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass derivatives to yield specific products is a significant yet challenging task. In the present study, a Cu/CoOx catalyst was synthesized using a facile co-precipitation method, and subsequently used for the HDO of biomass derivatives. Under optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural reached 100% with a selectivity of ∼99% to 2,5-diformylfuran. In combination with the experimental results, systematic characterizations revealed that CoOx, as the acid site, tended to adsorb CO bonds, and the metal sites of Cu+ were inclined to adsorb CO bonds and enhance CO bond hydrogenation. Meanwhile, Cu0 was the main active site for 2-propanol dehydrogenation. The excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effects of Cu and CoOx. Further, by optimizing the ratio of Cu to CoOx, the Cu/CoOx catalysts exhibited notable performance in HDO of acetophenone, levulinic acid, and furfural, which verified the universality of the catalysts in the HDO of biomass derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Lab, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Zuyi Zhang
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Lab, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Lab, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Lab, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Lab, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
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6
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Zhang G, Ma L, Dong Y, Dou S, Kong X. In situ construction of 3D NiMo bimetallic catalysts anchored on dendritic mesoporous silica for the upgrading of biomass derivatives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 647:188-200. [PMID: 37247482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Reasonable construction of bi-function catalysts with well dispersed hydrogenation active sites and acidic sites are crucial for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived compounds but still a huge challenge. Herein, a 3D Mo functionalized Ni-based bimetallic embedded catalyst with fine metal nanoparticles size (<6 nm) was prepared for the first time using dendritic mesoporous silica as a sacrificial template by one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and adopted in the HDO process of vanillin (VAN) upgrade to 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP). The characterization results illustrated that Mo species regulated the acidity of the catalyst and promoted the formation of Ni-Mo alloy sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further unveiled that Ni-Mo alloy sites promoted the activation and dissociation of CO bond in VAN, enhanced the ability of protonation hydrogenolysis. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of the highly uniformly dispersed hydrogenation metal sites and acidic sites, nearly 100% yield of MMP could obtained over the designed catalyst under mild conditions (130 °C, 1.5 MPa H2, 3 h, 10 wt% catalyst dosage). Additionally, the NiMo0.1@MSN catalyst displayed robust activity for no less than 8 recycles and excellent universality for the HDO of a variety of lignin derivatives and biomass platform molecules, which provide a feasible strategy for the construction of 3D confined catalysts for the high-efficiency HDO of biomass derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory /Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Liguo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory /Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yingying Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory /Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Shuangxin Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory /Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiangjin Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory /Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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7
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Fiorio JL, Garcia MA, Gothe ML, Galvan D, Troise PC, Conte-Junior CA, Vidinha P, Camargo PH, Rossi LM. Recent advances in the use of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for the design of noble metal catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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8
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Functional carbon-supported nanocatalysts for biomass conversion. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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9
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Chen M, Kou J, Ma H, Xiang Y, Ma P, Sun L, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wang F, Dong Z. Acceleration of the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes over an N-doped porous carbon sphere-confined ultrafine PdCu bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4201-4210. [PMID: 36655802 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of alkynes to obtain alkenes is a key reaction in petrochemical and fine chemical industries. However, the development of stable and highly selective catalysts with uniformly dispersed active sites is still immensely challenging for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes. In this study, N-doped porous carbon nanospheres (NPCNs) were synthesized by the nanoemulsion self-assembly and subsequently carbonization method. Ultrafine PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were uniformly dispersed and immobilized on NPCNs. The obtained PdCu/NPCNs catalyst exhibited an open framework and abundant active sites originating from ultrafine PdCu NPs. In the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes, the PdCu/NPCNs catalyst exhibited a remarkable performance and stability, outperforming most of the classical catalysts. The excellent performance was related to the introduction of a secondary metal Cu, which can regulate the electronic state of Pd active sites to further enhance the hydrogenation activity and selectivity. Hence, the facile approach reported herein may be useful for constructing highly dispersed bimetallic NP-based catalysts for selective hydrogenation of alkynes in the petrochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Chen
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Jinfang Kou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Haowen Ma
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Yongsheng Xiang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Ma
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Limin Sun
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Xuecheng Zhan
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou, 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Fushan Wang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, PetroChina Company Limited, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengping Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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10
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Recent Insight in Transition Metal Anchored on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Catalysts: Preparation and Catalysis Application. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and preparation of novel, high-efficiency, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts are important topics in academic and industry research. In the past, inorganic materials, metal oxide, and carbon materials were used as supports for the development of heterogeneous catalysts due to their excellent properties, such as high specific surface areas and tunable porous structures. However, the properties of traditional pristine carbon materials cannot keep up with the sustained growth and requirements of industry and scientific research, since the introduction of nitrogen atoms into carbon materials may significantly enhance a variety of their physicochemical characteristics, which gradually become appropriate support for synthesizing supported transition metal catalysts. In the past several decades, the transition metal anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts has attracted a tremendous amount of interest as potentially useful catalysts for diverse chemical reactions. Compared with original carbon support, the doping of nitrogen atoms can significantly regulate the physicochemical properties of carbon materials and allow active metal species uniformly dispersed on the support. The various N species in support also play a critical role in accelerating the catalytic performance in some reactions. Besides, the interaction between support and transition metal active sites can offer an anchor site to stabilize metal species during the preparation process and then improve reaction performance, atomic utilization, and stability. In this review, we highlight the recent advances and the remaining challenges in the preparation and application of transition metal anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts.
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11
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Levulinic Acid Is a Key Strategic Chemical from Biomass. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top twelve chemicals listed by the US Department of Energy that can be derived from biomass. It serves as a building block and platform chemical for producing a variety of chemicals, fuels and materials which are currently produced in fossil based refineries. LA is a key strategic chemical, as fuel grade chemicals and plastic substitutes can be produced by its catalytic conversion. LA derivatisation to various product streams, such as alkyl levulinates via esterification, γ-valerolactone via hydrogenation and N-substituted pyrrolidones via reductive amination and many other transformations of commercial utility are possible owing to the two oxygen functionalities, namely, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, present within the same substrate. Various biomass feedstock, such as agricultural wastes, marine macroalgae, and fresh water microalgae were successfully converted to LA in high yields. Finding a substitute to mineral acid catalysts for the conversion of biomass to LA is a challenge. The use of an ultrasound technique facilitated the production of promising nano-solid acid catalysts including Ga salt of molybophosphoric acid and Ga deposited mordenite zeolite, with optimum amounts of Lewis and Bronsted acidities needed for the conversion of glucose to LA in high yields, being 56 and 59.9 wt.% respectively. Microwave irradiation technology was successfully utilized for the accelerated production of LA (53 wt.%) from glucose in a short duration of 6 min, making use of the unique synergistic catalytic activity of ZnBr2 and HCl.
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