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Li PH, Chan YJ, Hou YW, Lu WC, Chen WH, Tseng JY, Mulio AT. Functionality of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) By-Products and In Vivo Anti-Diabetes Effect in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020160. [PMID: 33671283 PMCID: PMC7922074 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary According to a report from International Diabetes Federation, in 2020 approximately 463 million adults (20–79 years) were living with diabetes, the principles of medical nutrition therapy are to decrease the risk of diabetes by encouraging healthy food choices and physical activity. Djulis is a unique traditional pseudo-cereal crop native to Taiwan. The hull of djulis, which is usually considered to be agricultural waste, is disposed of in landfills and causes some environmental problems. In recent years, many studies have investigated the functional properties of djulis hull. The focus has been on the byproducts of djulis, a waste utilization approach, to further develop enriched functional foods. Djulis hull contained dietary fibre 75.21 ± 0.17% dry weight, and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) reached 71.54 ± 0.27% dry weight. The IDF postponed the adsorption of glucose and reduced the activity of α-amylase. We found that it is a good source of valuable ingredients that contain a high amount of dietary fibre. Furthermore, for patients with T2DM, consuming djulis hull 30 and 60 min before a meal significantly reduced blood glucose content as compared with patients at the same postprandial times who did not consume it. Abstract Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a species of cereal grain native to Taiwan. It is rich in dietary fibre and antioxidants and therefore reputed to relieve constipation, suppress inflammation, and lower blood glucose. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition and physicochemical properties of dietary fibre from djulis hull. Meanwhile, determination of the in vivo antidiabetic effect on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after consuming the djulis hull powder. Djulis hull contained dietary fibre 75.21 ± 0.17% dry weight, and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) reached 71.54 ± 0.27% dry weight. The IDF postponed the adsorption of glucose and reduced the activity of α-amylase. Postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM showed three different tendencies. First, the area under the glucose curve was significantly lower after ingesting 10 or 5 g djulis hull powder, which then postponed the adsorption of glucose, but the area under the glucose curve was similar with the two doses. After consuming 10 g djulis hull before 75 g glucose 30 and 60 min after the meal, patients with T2DM had blood glucose values that were significantly lower at the same postprandial times than those of patients who did not consume djulis hull. In short, patients who consumed djulis hull prior to glucose administration had decreased blood glucose level compared with those who did not. Djulis hull may have benefits for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (J.-Y.T.); (A.T.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.-H.L.); (W.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-4-851-1888#6233 (P.-H.L.); +886-5-277-2932#860 (W.-C.L.)
| | - Yung-Jia Chan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd, Dacun, Chang-Hua 51591, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Wen Hou
- Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 199, Hou-lh Road, Keelung 202008, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chien Lu
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, No. 217, Hung-Mao-Pi, Chia-Yi City 60077, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-H.L.); (W.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-4-851-1888#6233 (P.-H.L.); +886-5-277-2932#860 (W.-C.L.)
| | - Wen-Hui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (J.-Y.T.); (A.T.M.)
- Nutrition Division, Changhua Lukang Christian Hospital, No. 480, Zhongzheng Rd, Lukang, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yun Tseng
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (J.-Y.T.); (A.T.M.)
| | - Amanda Tresiliana Mulio
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (J.-Y.T.); (A.T.M.)
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Lee C, Chow CM, Yan AT, Moe GW, Tu JV, Chu JY. Awareness of Warning Symptoms of Heart Disease and Stroke: Results of a Follow-up Study of the Chinese Canadian Cardiovascular Health Project. CJC Open 2021; 3:741-750. [PMID: 34169253 PMCID: PMC8209403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our original pilot study in 2008 demonstrated a poor degree of awareness of heart disease and stroke among Chinese Canadians, warranting an updated survey of their knowledge. We sought to determine the current degree of knowledge of cardiovascular disease, including stroke, among ethnic Chinese residents of Canada. Methods A 35-question online survey was conducted in the fall of 2017 among 1001 Chinese Canadians (aged ≥ 18 years) in the greater Toronto area (n = 501) and Vancouver (n = 500). Knowledge of heart disease and stroke, such as signs and symptoms of stroke and heart attack, health habits, and initial response to a cardiovascular emergency were assessed. Results A total of 52.0% of the respondents were female, and 46.3% were aged <45 years. A total of 40.1% spoke Cantonese, and 23.7% spoke Mandarin; 79.5% were immigrants, and 31% had lived in Canada < 10 years. A total of 85% identified at least one heart attack symptom, and 80% identified at least one stroke symptom; 86.2% indicated that they would call 911 if experiencing a heart attack or stroke. Internet use was positively associated with the ability to identify a greater number of heart attack and stroke symptoms, compared to the number among non–Internet users (P < 0.001). Women were 14% more likely to overlook gender as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conclusions This study found that in 2017, compared to 2008, awareness of symptoms of heart disease and stroke improved among Chinese Canadians residing in Toronto and Vancouver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Lee
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chi-Ming Chow
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew T. Yan
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon W. Moe
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack V. Tu
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Y. Chu
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital-UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Dr Joseph Y. Chu, Queensway Professional Centre, 312-190 Sherway Drive, Toronto, Ontario M9C 5N2, Canada. Tel.: +1-416-626-0740; fax: +1-416-626-0635.
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