Hann CE, Chase JG, Shaw GM. Efficient implementation of non-linear valve law and ventricular interaction dynamics in the minimal cardiac model.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2005;
80:65-74. [PMID:
16039750 DOI:
10.1016/j.cmpb.2005.06.003]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A minimal model of the cardio-vascular system (CVS) with ventricular interaction and inertial effects that accurately captures the physiological trends of a variety of disease states has been developed. However, the physiologically accurate open on pressure, close on flow valve law is computationally heavy to implement, reducing the model's potential clinical benefit. A significantly simpler representation of the valve law using Heaviside functions is derived and the ventricular interaction equations are reformulated to obtain a unique closed form analytical solution. The new formulation is tested and compared with the previous formulation for a healthy human and four clinically significant disease states: mitral and aortic stenosis, pulmonary embolism and septic shock. The new model formulation matches the previous model definition, differing by a mean model response error of no more than 0.2%. Computationally, it is 24 x faster than the previous method. More specifically, a short 20-beat simulation that took 102 s now requires 4.3 s, significantly improving the model's potential for practical use in a diagnostic and/or decision support role in the intensive care unit.
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