1
|
Abstract
Current cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques provide an exquisite assessment of the structure and function of the heart and great vessels, but their ability to assess the molecular processes that underpin changes in cardiac function in health and disease is limited by inherent insensitivity. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance is a new technology which overcomes this limitation, generating molecular contrast agents with an improvement in magnetic resonance signal of up to five orders of magnitude. One key molecule, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, shows particular promise for the assessment of cardiac energy metabolism and other fundamental biological processes in cardiovascular disease. This molecule has numerous potential applications of clinical relevance and has now been translated to human use in early clinical studies. This review outlines the principles of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and key potential cardiovascular applications for this new technology. Finally, we provide an overview of the pipeline for forthcoming hyperpolarized agents and their potential applications in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
2
|
Watson WD, Miller JJJ, Lewis A, Neubauer S, Tyler D, Rider OJ, Valkovič L. Use of cardiac magnetic resonance to detect changes in metabolism in heart failure. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:583-597. [PMID: 32695639 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart has a massive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requirement, produced from the oxidation of metabolic substrates such as fat and glucose. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to probe this biochemistry: 31Phosphorus spectroscopy can demonstrate the production of ATP and quantify levels of the transport molecule phosphocreatine while 13Carbon spectroscopy can demonstrate the metabolic fates of glucose in real time. These techniques allow the metabolic deficits in heart failure to be interrogated and can be a potential future clinical tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Watson
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack J J Miller
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Tyler
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kubala E, Muñoz-Álvarez KA, Topping G, Hundshammer C, Feuerecker B, Gómez PA, Pariani G, Schilling F, Glaser SJ, Schulte RF, Menzel MI, Schwaiger M. Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging. J Vis Exp 2016:54751. [PMID: 28060330 PMCID: PMC5226623 DOI: 10.3791/54751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, new methods for tumor staging, restaging, treatment response monitoring, and recurrence detection of a variety of cancers have emerged in conjunction with the state-of-the-art positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG PET). 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (13CMRSI) is a minimally invasive imaging method that enables the monitoring of metabolism in vivo and in real time. As with any other method based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), it faces the challenge of low thermal polarization and a subsequent low signal-to-noise ratio due to the relatively low gyromagnetic ratio of 13C and its low natural abundance in biological samples. By overcoming these limitations, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with subsequent sample dissolution has recently enabled commonly used NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems to measure, study, and image key metabolic pathways in various biological systems. A particularly interesting and promising molecule used in 13CMRSI is [1-13C]pyruvate, which, in the last ten years, has been widely used for in vitro, preclinical, and, more recently, clinical studies to investigate the cellular energy metabolism in cancer and other diseases. In this article, we outline the technique of dissolution DNP using a 3.35 T preclinical DNP hyperpolarizer and demonstrate its usage in in vitro studies. A similar protocol for hyperpolarization may be applied for the most part in in vivo studies as well. To do so, we used lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and catalyzed the metabolic reaction of [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate in a prostate carcinoma cell line, PC3, in vitro using 13CMRSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Kubala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München; GE Global Research;
| | - Kim A Muñoz-Álvarez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Geoffrey Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München
| | - Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Pedro A Gómez
- GE Global Research; Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik der Technischen Universität München (IMETUM), Technische Universität München
| | - Giorgio Pariani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München; IDG Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | | | | | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Longitudinal imaging of the ageing mouse. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:93-116. [PMID: 27530773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several non-invasive imaging techniques are used to investigate the effect of pathologies and treatments over time in mouse models. Each preclinical in vivo technique provides longitudinal and quantitative measurements of changes in tissues and organs, which are fundamental for the evaluation of alterations in phenotype due to pathologies, interventions and treatments. However, it is still unclear how these imaging modalities can be used to study ageing with mice models. Almost all age related pathologies in mice such as osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, thrombi, dementia, to name a few, can be imaged in vivo by at least one longitudinal imaging modality. These measurements are the basis for quantification of treatment effects in the development phase of a novel treatment prior to its clinical testing. Furthermore, the non-invasive nature of such investigations allows the assessment of different tissue and organ phenotypes in the same animal and over time, providing the opportunity to study the dysfunction of multiple tissues associated with the ageing process. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of the most commonly used in vivo imaging modalities used in mouse studies: micro-computed-tomography, preclinical magnetic-resonance-imaging, preclinical positron-emission-tomography, preclinical single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, intravital microscopy, and whole body optical imaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Frijia F, Santarelli MF, Koellisch U, Giovannetti G, Lanz T, Flori A, Durst M, Aquaro GD, Schulte RF, De Marchi D, Lionetti V, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Landini L, Menichetti L, Positano V. 16-Channel Surface Coil for 13C-Hyperpolarized Spectroscopic Imaging of Cardiac Metabolism in Pig Heart. J Med Biol Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Yoshihara HAI, Bastiaansen JAM, Berthonneche C, Comment A, Schwitter J. An intact small animal model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: Characterization of metabolic changes by hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H2058-66. [PMID: 26453328 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00376.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C MRS) enables the sensitive and noninvasive assessment of the metabolic changes occurring during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion models using hyperpolarized (13)C MRS are established in heart preparations ex vivo and in large animals in vivo, but an in vivo model in small animals would be advantageous to allow the study of reperfusion metabolism with neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses intact with the option to perform a greater number of experiments. A novel intact rat model of ischemia-reperfusion is presented that incorporates hyperpolarized (13)C MRS to characterize reperfusion metabolism. Typically, in an in vivo model, a tissue input function (TIF) is required to account for apparent changes in the metabolism of injected hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate resulting from changes in perfusion. Whereas the measurement of a TIF by metabolic imaging is particularly challenging in small animals, the ratios of downstream metabolites can be used as an alternative. The ratio of [(13)C]bicarbonate:[1-(13)C]lactate (RatioBic/Lac) measured within 1-2 min after coronary release decreased vs. baseline in ischemic rats (n = 10, 15-min occlusion, controls: n = 10; P = 0.017 for interaction, 2-way ANOVA). The decrease in oxidative pyruvate metabolism [RatioBic/Lac(Ischemia)/RatioBic/Lac(Baseline)] modestly correlated with area at risk (r = 0.66; P = 0.002). Hyperpolarized (13)C MRS was also used to examine alanine production during ischemia, which is observed in ex vivo models, but no significant change was noted; metrics incorporating [1-(13)C]alanine did not substantially improve the discrimination of ischemic-reperfused myocardium from nonischemic myocardium. This intact rat model, which mimics the human situation of reperfused myocardial infarction, could be highly valuable for the testing of new drugs to treat reperfusion injury, thereby facilitating translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland; Cardiac MR Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Berthonneche
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Schwitter
- Division of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Cardiac MR Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ravera E, Shimon D, Feintuch A, Goldfarb D, Vega S, Flori A, Luchinat C, Menichetti L, Parigi G. The effect of Gd on trityl-based dynamic nuclear polarisation in solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26969-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in 13C polarisation of 13C-urea dissolved in samples containing water/DMSO mixtures and trityl radical (OX063) in the presence of Gd3+ is explained by changes in electron relaxation, electron spectral diffusion and effective electron–proton hyperfine interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- Italy
| | - Daphna Shimon
- Chemical Physics Department
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Akiva Feintuch
- Chemical Physics Department
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Chemical Physics Department
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Shimon Vega
- Chemical Physics Department
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot
- Israel
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio and Institute of Life Sciences
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
- Pisa
- Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio and Institute of Clinical Physiology
- National Council of Research
- Pisa
- Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”
- University of Florence
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aquaro GD, Menichetti L. Hyperpolarized 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy: are we ready for metabolic imaging? Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:854-6. [PMID: 25406195 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.002648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Donato Aquaro
- From the Magnetic Resonance Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.D.A.); and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (L.M.).
| | - Luca Menichetti
- From the Magnetic Resonance Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (G.D.A.); and CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gibiino F, Positano V, Wiesinger F, Giovannetti G, Landini L, Santarelli MF. Structured errors in reconstruction methods for Non-Cartesian MR data. Comput Biol Med 2013; 43:2256-62. [PMID: 24290942 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction methods for Non-Cartesian magnetic resonance imaging have often been analyzed using the root mean square error (RMSE). However, RMSE is not able to measure the level of structured error associated with the reconstruction process. METHODS An index for geometric information loss was presented using the 2D autocorrelation function. The performances of Least Squares Non Uniform Fast Fourier Transform (LS-NUFFT) and gridding reconstruction (GR) methods were compared. The Direct Summation method (DS) was used as reference. For both methods, RMSE and the loss in geometric information were calculated using a digital phantom and a hyperpolarized (13)C dataset. RESULTS The performance of the geometric information loss index was analyzed in the presence of noise. Comparing to GR, LS-NUFFT obtained a lower RMSE, but its error image appeared more structured. This was observed in both phantom and in vivo experiments. DISCUSSION The evaluation of geometric information loss together with the reconstruction error was important for an appropriate performance analysis of the reconstruction methods. The use of geometric information loss was helpful to determine that LS-NUFFT loses relevant information in the reconstruction process, despite the low RMSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gibiino
- Department of Information Engineering-EIT, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; GE Global Research, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|