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Pucci A, Rossetti M, Lenzi C, Buja ML. The cardiovascular pathologist in the aortic team. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 72:107649. [PMID: 38703970 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic diseases require a multidisciplinary management for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up with better outcomes in referral centers using a team-based approach. The setting up of a multi-disciplinary aortic team for the discussion of complex cases has been already proposed; it is also supported by the ACC/AHA. Surgeons and radiologists, more or less other physicians such as cardiologists, geneticists, rheumatologists/internal medicine specialists and pathologists are involved into such a team. The role of the cardiovascular pathologist is to examine the aortic specimens, to diagnose and classify the aortic lesions. Herein, the role of the pathologist in the aortic team is discussed and the pathobiology of aortic diseases is reviewed for reference by pathologists. The aortic specimens are mainly obtained from emergency or elective surgical procedures on the thoracic aorta, less frequently from organ/tissue (including cardiac or heart valve) donors, post-mortem procedures or abdominal aortic surgery. In the last decade, together with the progress of medical sciences, the histological definitions and classifications of the aortic pathology are undergoing thorough revisions that are addressed to an etiopathogenetic approach because of possible clinico-pathological correlations, therapeutic and prognostic impact. Pathologists may also have an important role in research and teaching. Therefore, histological analyses of the aortic specimens require adequate sample processing and pathologist expertise because histology contributes to definite diagnosis, correct management of patients and even (in genetic diseases) families, but also to research in the challenging field of aortopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pucci
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Martina Rossetti
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Lenzi
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maximilian L Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Aghayev A, Weber B, Lins de Carvalho T, Glaudemans AWJM, Nienhuis PH, van der Geest KSM, Slart RHJA. Multimodality imaging to assess diagnosis and evaluate complications of large vesselarteritis. J Nucl Cardiol 2024:101864. [PMID: 38663459 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Different types of vasculitis can be distinguished according to the blood vessel's size that is preferentially affected: large-vessel, medium-vessel, and small-vessel vasculitides. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are the main forms of large-vessel vasculitis, and may lead to lumen narrowing. Clinical manifestations of arterial narrowing on the short- and long term include vision loss, stroke, limb ischemia, and heart failure. Imaging tools are well established diagnostic tests for large-vessel vasculitis and may aid therapy monitoring in selected cases while providing important information regarding the occurrence of vascular damage, tissue and organ complications. This review aims to provide the current status of multimodality imaging for the diagnosis and identification of vascular complications in the field of large vessel vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Aghayev
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiago Lins de Carvalho
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter H Nienhuis
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S M van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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3
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Allam MN, Baba Ali N, Mahmoud AK, Scalia IG, Farina JM, Abbas MT, Pereyra M, Kamel MA, Awad KA, Wang Y, Barry T, Huang SS, Nguyen BD, Yang M, Jokerst CE, Martinez F, Ayoub C, Arsanjani R. Multi-Modality Imaging in Vasculitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:838. [PMID: 38667483 PMCID: PMC11049623 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic vasculitides are a rare and complex group of diseases that can affect multiple organ systems. Clinically, presentation may be vague and non-specific and as such, diagnosis and subsequent management are challenging. These entities are typically classified by the size of vessel involved, including large-vessel vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, and clinically isolated aortitis), medium-vessel vasculitis (including polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease), and small-vessel vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis). There are also other systemic vasculitides that do not fit in to these categories, such as Behcet's disease, Cogan syndrome, and IgG4-related disease. Advances in medical imaging modalities have revolutionized the approach to diagnosis of these diseases. Specifically, color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography and angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, or invasive catheterization as indicated have become fundamental in the work up of any patient with suspected systemic or localized vasculitis. This review presents the key diagnostic imaging modalities and their clinical utility in the evaluation of systemic vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N. Allam
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Nima Baba Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Ahmed K. Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Isabel G. Scalia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Juan M. Farina
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Mohammed Tiseer Abbas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Milagros Pereyra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Moaz A. Kamel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Kamal A. Awad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Timothy Barry
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Steve S. Huang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA (B.D.N.)
| | - Ba D. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA (B.D.N.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA (B.D.N.)
| | | | - Felipe Martinez
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA (B.D.N.)
| | - Chadi Ayoub
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Reza Arsanjani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.N.A.); (M.T.A.)
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Benites-Yshpilco L, Barriales-Revilla L, Baltodano-Arellano R, Falcón-Quispe L, Cupe-Chacalcaje K, Cachicatari-Beltrán Á, Lévano-Pachas G. Multimodal imaging in Ig G4- related aortitis: case report. ARCHIVOS PERUANOS DE CARDIOLOGIA Y CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2024; 5:50-53. [PMID: 38596609 PMCID: PMC10999319 DOI: 10.47487/apcyccv.v5i1.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We present the case of a 56-year-old patient with fever of unknown origin associated with chest and lumbar pain. Multimodality imaging revealed diffuse peri-aortitis in the thoracic aorta without involvement of the aortic valve, contributing substantially to the diagnosis of Ig G4-associated aortitis. Immunosuppressive therapy was started. Follow-up at five months with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a reduction in the inflammatory process in the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Benites-Yshpilco
- Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Lucia Barriales-Revilla
- Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Roberto Baltodano-Arellano
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, PerúUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru
- Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology ServiceHospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Luis Falcón-Quispe
- Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology ServiceHospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Kelly Cupe-Chacalcaje
- Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology ServiceHospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Ángela Cachicatari-Beltrán
- Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology Service, Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Cardiac imaging area of Cardiology ServiceHospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
| | - Gerald Lévano-Pachas
- Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSalud, Lima, Perú.Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - EsSaludLimaPerú
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5
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Ridley DJ, Roach JK, Spencer CD, Singh KE. Case Report of Ascending Aortitis Mimicking Type A Intramural Hematoma by Multiple Imaging Modalities. A A Pract 2023; 17:e01684. [PMID: 37335878 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ridley
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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6
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Ahmad N, Andev R, Verdiyeva A, Dubey S. Single centre experience of 120 patients with non-infectious aortitis: Clinical features, treatment and complications. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103354. [PMID: 37142195 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortitis is an important form of vasculitis with significant risk of complications. Very few studies have provided detailed clinical phenotyping across the whole disease spectrum. Our primary aim was to look the clinical features, management strategies and complications associated with non-infectious aortitis. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients with diagnosis of noninfectious aortitis at the Oxford University hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Clinicopathologic features were recorded including demographics, presentation, aetiology, laboratory, imaging findings, histopathology, complications, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS We report the data on 120 patients (59% females). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome constituted the most common presentation (47.5%). 10.8% were diagnosed following a vascular complication (dissection or aneurysm). All patients (n = 120) had raised inflammatory markers (median ESR 70.0 mm/h and CRP 68.0 mg/L). Isolated aortitis subgroup (15%) had significantly higher likelihood of presenting with vascular complications and challenging to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms. Prednisolone (91.5%) and methotrexate (89.8%) were the most used treatment. 48.3% developed vascular complications during the disease course including ischaemic complications (25%), aortic dilatation and aneurysms (29.2%) and dissection (4.2%). Risk of dissection was higher in the isolated aortitis subgroup at 16.6% compared to all other types of aortitis at 1.96%. CONCLUSION Risk of vascular complications is high in non-infectious aortitis patients during disease course, hence early diagnosis and appropriate management is key. DMARDs such as Methotrexate appear to be effective, nonetheless there remain gaps in evidence for longer-term management of relapsing disease. Dissection risk seems much higher for patients with isolated aortitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmad
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - R Andev
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - A Verdiyeva
- Department of Rheumatology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - S Dubey
- Consultant Rheumatologist, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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7
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Yamamoto H, Fukushima Y, Ikeda Y, Suda T, Goto M, Isogai J, Hashimoto T, Takahashi T, Ogino H. Decisive diagnostic clue for infectious abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by Arthrobacter russicus in a diabetic elderly woman with renal dysfunction: A case report and literature review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1007213. [PMID: 36386385 PMCID: PMC9650533 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1007213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious aortic aneurysm (IAA) can be a rare but potentially fatal sequela of infectious inflammatory disease of the aortic wall with a high incidence of rupture. The definitive diagnosis is based on vascular imaging of the aneurysm using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and identification of the causative microorganism from positive blood cultures (BCs). However, IAA remains extremely difficult to diagnose and treat in patients with prior antimicrobial treatment or with renal dysfunction. Here we describe a case of an 85-year-old woman with IAA caused by Arthrobacter russicus presenting with abdominal pain and fever that was initially diagnosed as a presumptive urinary tract infection and treated with empiric antimicrobial therapy. However, persistent abdominal pain with increased serological inflammation necessitated further evaluation. Unenhanced multimodality imaging considering the renal dysfunction revealed infectious aortitis of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, together with the initial culture results, leading to the tentative diagnosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae aortitis. Thereafter, serial monitoring with unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) using thin-slab maximum intensity projection (TS-MIP) revealed acute aortic expansion strongly suggestive of a pseudoaneurysm that was successfully treated with early surgical repair under adequate infection control. Despite negative Gram staining and tissue culture results for the excised aortic wall, a definitive diagnosis of IAA secondary to A. russicus rather than K. pneumoniae was finally made by confirming the histologic findings consistent with IAA and the identification of A. russicus 16S rRNA on the resected aortic wall. The patient also developed a vascular graft infection during the postoperative course that required long-term systemic antimicrobial therapy. This case highlights the value of unenhanced MRA in the early detection of IAA in patients with renal dysfunction and the importance of a molecular diagnosis for identifying the causative microorganism in cases of culture- or tissue-negative IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Narita-Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroyuki Yamamoto,
| | - Yasuto Fukushima
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences and Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suda
- Department of Surgery, Narita-Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of General Surgery, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mieko Goto
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences and Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Isogai
- Department of Radiology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Japan
| | - Toru Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Narita-Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences and Omura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Ogino
- Department of Surgery, Narita-Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Cerne JW, Liu S, Umair M, Pathrose A, Moore JE, Allen BD, Markl M, Carr JC, Savas H, Wilsbacher L, Avery R. Combined modality PET/MR for the detection of severe large vessel vasculitis. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2022; 6:16. [PMID: 35965266 PMCID: PMC9376186 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-022-00136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Large vessel vasculitis (LVV) can be characterized based on symptom severity, and this characterization helps clinicians decide upon treatment approach. Our aim was to compare the imaging findings of combined modality positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) and inflammatory markers between severe and non-severe LVV. A retrospective query was performed to identify all patients with LVV who underwent PET/MR at our institution between January 2015 and January 2021.
Results
Eleven patients (nine females; age 62.2 ± 16.4 years) underwent 15 PET/MR scans. Positivity was defined by findings indicative of active LVV on each modality: PET positive if vessel metabolic activity > liver metabolic activity; MR positive if wall thickening or contrast enhancement. When positive PET or positive MR findings were considered a positive scan, LVV patients with severe disease (n = 9 scans) showed a higher number of positive scans (n = 9) compared to the number of positive scans in non-severe patients (n = 3) (p < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of severe LVV were 1.00 and 0.50, respectively. When only the presence of both positive PET and positive MR findings were considered a positive scan, inflammatory marker levels were not significantly different between severe and non-severe LVV groups (severe: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) = 9.8 ± 10.6 mm/h; C-reactive protein (CRP) = 0.6 ± 0.4 mg/dL) (non-severe: ESR = 14.3 ± 22.4 mm/h; CRP = 0.5 ± 0.6 mg/dL). Blood- and liver-normalized maximum standardized uptake values were not significantly different between severe and non-severe patients (1.4 ± 0.3 vs 1.5 ± 0.4; 1.1 ± 0.4 vs 1.0 ± 0.3, respectively).
Conclusions
Because of the differences observed, PET/MR appears to be better suited to facilitate the characterization of LVV as severe or non-severe compared to inflammatory marker measurements and quantitative measurements of metabolic activity. Qualitative assessment of PET and MR positivity by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MR may be able to supplement clinical symptoms-based LVV classification decisions and may be helpful when clinical symptoms overlap with other disease processes.
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Fu LJ, Hu SC, Zhang W, Ye LQ, Chen HB, Xiang XJ. Large vessel vasculitis with rare presentation of acute rhabdomyolysis: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4137-4144. [PMID: 35665112 PMCID: PMC9131208 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i13.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal involvement in primary large vessel vasculitis (LVV), including giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK), tends to be subacute. With the progression of arterial disease, patients may develop polyarthralgia and myalgias, mainly involving muscle stiffness, limb/jaw claudication, cold/swelling extremities, etc. Acute development of rhabdomyolysis in addition to aortic aneurysm is uncommon in LVV. Herein, we report a rare case of LVV with the first presentation of acute rhabdomyolysis.
CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old Asian woman suffering from long-term low back pain was hospitalized due to limb claudication, dark urine and an elevated creatine kinase (CK) level. After treatment with fluid resuscitation and antibiotics, the patient remained febrile. Her workup showed persistent elevated levels of inflammatory markers, and imaging studies revealed an aortic aneurysm. A decreasing CK was evidently combined with elevated inflammatory markers and negativity for anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies. LVV was suspected and confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography and positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose/computed tomography. With a favourable response to immunosuppressive treatment, her symptoms resolved, and clinical remission was achieved one month later. However, after failing to follow the tapering schedule, the patient was readministered 25 mg/d prednisolone due to disease relapse. Follow-up examinations showed decreased inflammatory markers and substantial improvement in artery lesions after 6 mo of treatment. At the twelve-month follow-up, she was clinically stable and maintained on corticosteroid therapy.
CONCLUSION An exceptional presentation of LVV with acute rhabdomyolysis is described in this case, which exhibited a good response to immunosuppressive therapy, suggesting consideration for a differential diagnosis when evaluating febrile patients with myalgia and elevated CK. Timely use of high-dose steroids until a diagnosis is established may yield a favourable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Jun Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shou-Ci Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Qing Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Bo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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Escoda T, George J, Jarrot PA, Jean R, Mazodier K, Sanderson F, Poullin P, Saby L, Jourde-Chiche N, Kaplanski G, Chiche L. Aortitis is an under-recognized manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report and literature review. Lupus 2022; 31:744-753. [PMID: 35341372 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aortitis is a classic manifestation of large vessel vasculitis. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), sometimes known as Hughes syndrome, is an acquired autoimmune disorder that manifests clinically as recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis. Patients with APS may also suffer from various underlying diseases, most frequently systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare but serious complication of APS characterized by failure of several organs due to diffuse microcirculatory thrombi. Its main manifestations involve the kidneys, lungs, heart and central nervous system, and require early diagnosis and rapid therapeutic management. While APS can affect virtually any blood vessel, aortitis is not a known symptom of APS. We report the case of a 36-year-old patient with APS and SLE who presented with CAPS during pregnancy, with no concomitant SLE flare. The first manifestation of CAPS was aortitis, preceding renal, cardiac and haematological manifestations. The outcome was favourable with combined treatment including corticosteroids, anticoagulants, plasma exchange and rituximab. We then carried out a literature search for papers describing the presence of aortitis in APS and/or SLE. In the cases of aortic involvement identified in the literature, including another case of CAPS, the occurrence of aortitis in SLE, often associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies/APS, suggests that aortitis should be considered as an under-recognized manifestation and potential non-criterion feature of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Escoda
- Service de Médecine Interne, 36900CHU Conception, Marseille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne, 36900Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | - Julia George
- Service de Médecine Interne, 36900CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | | | - Rodolphe Jean
- Service de Médecine Interne, 36900CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Karin Mazodier
- Service de Médecine Interne, 36900CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pascale Poullin
- Service d'Hémaphérèse, 36900CHU Conception, Marseille France
| | - Ludivine Saby
- Service de Cardiologie, 36900Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Service de Médecine Interne, 36900CHU Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Service de Médecine Interne, 36900Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
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Lee S, Kang S, Eun Y, Kim H, Lee J, Koh EM, Kim DK, Cha HS. Clinical characteristics and radiographic outcomes of vascular Behçet’s disease involving the aorta or its major branches. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1769-1777. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-06031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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MDCT Imaging of Non-Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Emergencies and Its Impact on Diagnosis and Management—A Reappraisal. Tomography 2022; 8:200-228. [PMID: 35076599 PMCID: PMC8788571 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic thoracic aorta emergencies are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diseases of the intimomedial layers (aortic dissection and variants) have been grouped under the common term of acute aortic syndrome because they are life-threatening conditions clinically indistinguishable on presentation. Patients with aortic dissection may present with a wide variety of symptoms secondary to the pattern of dissection and end organ malperfusion. Other conditions may be seen in patients with acute symptoms, including ruptured and unstable thoracic aortic aneurysm, iatrogenic or infective pseudoaneurysms, aortic fistula, acute aortic thrombus/occlusive disease, and vasculitis. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the patient’s management and care. In the emergency room, chest X-ray is the initial imaging test offering a screening evaluation for alternative common differential diagnoses and a preliminary assessment of the mediastinal dimensions. State-of-the-art multidetector computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides a widely available, rapid, replicable, noninvasive diagnostic imaging with sensitivity approaching 100%. It is an impressive tool in decision-making process with a deep impact on treatment including endovascular or open surgical or conservative treatment. Radiologists must be familiar with the spectrum of these entities to help triage patients appropriately and efficiently. Understanding the imaging findings and proper measurement techniques allow the radiologist to suggest the most appropriate next management step.
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13
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Besutti G, Muratore F, Mancuso P, Ferrari M, Galli E, Spaggiari L, Monelli F, Casali M, Versari A, Boiardi L, Marvisi C, Ligabue G, Pattacini P, Giorgi Rossi P, Salvarani C. Vessel inflammation and morphological changes in patients with large vessel vasculitis: a retrospective study. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2021-001977. [PMID: 34987095 PMCID: PMC8734042 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify any association between imaging signs of vessel wall inflammation (positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) score and CT/MR wall thickening) and synchronous and subsequent vascular damage (stenoses/dilations) in patients with large vessel vasculitis (LVV). METHODS Consecutive patients with LVV referred to a tertiary centre in 2007-2020 with baseline PET-CT and morphological imaging (CT/MR angiography) performed within 3 months were included. All available PET-CT and CT/MR scans were reviewed to assess PET-CT uptake (4-point semi-quantitative score), wall thickening, stenoses and dilations for 15 vascular segments. The associations of baseline PET score and CT/MR wall thickening with synchronous and incident stenoses/dilations at CT/MR performed 6-30 months from baseline were evaluated in per-segment and per-patient analyses. Respective areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS We included 100 patients with LVV (median age: 48 years, 22% males). Baseline PET score and wall thickening were strongly associated (Cuzick non-parametric test for trend across order groups (NPtrend) <0.001). The association with synchronous stenoses/dilations was weak for PET score (NPtrend=0.01) and strong for wall thickening (p<0.001). In per-patient analyses, sensitivity/specificity for ≥1 synchronous stenoses/dilations were 44%/67% for PET score ≥2 and 66.7%/60.5% for wall thickening. Subsequent CTs/MRs were available in 28 patients, with seven incident stenoses/dilations. Baseline PET score was strongly associated with incident stenoses/dilations (p=0.001), while baseline wall thickening was not (p=0.708), with AUCs for incident stenoses/dilations of 0.80 for PET score and 0.52 for wall thickening. CONCLUSION PET score and wall thickening are strongly associated, but only baseline PET score is a good predictor of incident vessel wall damage in LVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Besutti
- Department of Radiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Muratore
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pamela Mancuso
- Department of Epidemiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Radiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Galli
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Unit of Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Spaggiari
- Department of Radiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Filippo Monelli
- Department of Radiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Casali
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Annibale Versari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Luigi Boiardi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Marvisi
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Guido Ligabue
- Department of Radiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pattacini
- Department of Radiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Department of Epidemiology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Aghayev A, Steigner ML, Azene EM, Burns J, Chareonthaitawee P, Desjardins B, El Khouli RH, Grayson PC, Hedgire SS, Kalva SP, Ledbetter LN, Lee YJ, Mauro DM, Pelaez A, Pillai AK, Singh N, Suranyi PS, Verma N, Williamson EE, Dill KE. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Noncerebral Vasculitis. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:S380-S393. [PMID: 34794595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Noncerebral vasculitis is a wide-range noninfectious inflammatory disorder affecting the vessels. Vasculitides have been categorized based on the vessel size, such as large-vessel vasculitis, medium-vessel vasculitis, and small-vessel vasculitis. In this document, we cover large-vessel vasculitis and medium-vessel vasculitis. Due to the challenges of vessel biopsy, imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing this entity. While CTA and MRA can both provide anatomical details of the vessel wall, including wall thickness and enhancement in large-vessel vasculitis, FDG-PET/CT can show functional assessment based on the glycolytic activity of inflammatory cells in the inflamed vessels. Given the size of the vessel in medium-vessel vasculitis, invasive arteriography is still a choice for imaging. However, high-resolution CTA images can depict small-caliber aneurysms, and thus can be utilized in the diagnosis of medium-vessel vasculitis. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Aghayev
- Panel Vice-Chair, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Michael L Steigner
- Panel Chair; and Vascular CT and MR, and Medical Director 3D Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Judah Burns
- Program Director, Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | | | - Riham H El Khouli
- Director, Theranostic Program and Chair, NM&MI Clinical Protocol and Quality Improvement (CPQI) Committee, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Peter C Grayson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Rheumatologist
| | - Sandeep S Hedgire
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjeeva P Kalva
- Chief, Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; International Editor, Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR; and Assistant Editor, Radiology - Cardiothoracic, RSNA
| | - Luke N Ledbetter
- Director, Head and Neck Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Mauro
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andres Pelaez
- Director, Lung Transplant Program, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida; and Primary care physician
| | - Anil K Pillai
- Section Chief, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Pal S Suranyi
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nupur Verma
- Program Director, Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eric E Williamson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
| | - Karin E Dill
- Specialty Chair, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Multimodality Imaging of Large Vessel Vasculitis, From the AJR Special Series on Inflammation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 218:213-222. [PMID: 34232695 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.26150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Large vessel vasculitis (LVV) is a non-infectious inflammation of the large vessels, including the aorta and its main branches. Imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing LVV, given the challenges of tissue biopsy. This article reviews the types of LVV, and the multimodality imaging tools available to establish the diagnosis in patients with LVV. The cornerstone of imaging diagnosis is morphologic assessment using grey-scale ultrasound, combined grey-scale US with color Doppler US, CTA, or MRA. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in functional and molecular imaging with FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of LVV. Investigation is ongoing to develop novel MRA techniques and new PET tracers to assess disease activity and to differentiate the various vasculitides. An algorithm is provided to guide imaging technique selection based on the patient's specific clinical presentation.
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16
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Aortitis: un imitador del hematoma intramural aórtico. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Ferrera C, Vilacosta I, Saiz-Pardo Sanz M, Cabeza B, Ortega A, Maroto-Castellanos L. Aortitis: a simulator of intramural aortic hematoma. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 74:355-357. [PMID: 33160888 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ferrera
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isidre Vilacosta
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Cabeza
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Ortega
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Aghayev A, Steigner ML. Systemic vasculitides and the role of multitechnique imaging in the diagnosis. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:488-501. [PMID: 33812649 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vasculitis, a systemic disease characterised by inflammation of the blood vessels, remains challenging to diagnose and manage. Vessel size has been the basis for classifying systemic vasculitides. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing this challenging disease. This review article aims (a) to summarise up-to-date literature in this field, as well as include classification updates and (b) to review available imaging techniques, recent advances, and emphasis on imaging findings to diagnose large vessel vasculitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aghayev
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - M L Steigner
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Harada M, Motoki H, Sakai T, Kuwahara K. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor-associated aortitis evaluated via multiple imaging modalities including vascular echography: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2021; 5:ytaa503. [PMID: 33598604 PMCID: PMC7873790 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) preparations are used for patients with granulocytopenia, especially to prevent febrile neutropenia. Arteritis has been recognized as a side effect of G-CSF treatment; however, there are no clear diagnostic criteria or treatment guidelines because not enough cases have been reported. Present case showed one of the diagnostic and treatment selection methods via multiple imaging modality including vascular echography. Case summary A 52-year-old woman underwent chemotherapy for ovarian cancer and received G-CSF because of myelosuppression. The patient experienced high and remittent fever that persisted during treatment using antibiotics and acetaminophen. Enhanced computed tomography revealed thickening of the tissue around the aortic arch and abdominal aorta. Echography of the abdominal aorta revealed thickening of the wall and a hypoechoic region around the aorta. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography also revealed that the inflammation was localized to the lesion. A suspicion of G-CSF-associated aortitis was based on the patient’s history and the exclusion of other diseases that might have caused the aortitis. Her condition rapidly improved after starting corticosteroid treatment. Discussion The differential diagnosis in similar cases should consider immune diseases that cause large-vessel arteritis (Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, and another vasculitis), infection, drug-induced disease, and immunoglobulin G4-related disease. The use of different imaging modalities, including vascular echography, helped guide the diagnosis and follow-up. It is necessary to evaluate the patient’s general condition before the selection of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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20
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Bonou M, Anagnostopoulos C, Vakrou S, Kapelios C, Barbetseas J, Psichogiou M. Fungal aortitis after aortic valve replacement. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:489-490. [PMID: 32829046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bonou
- Cardiology Department, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Anagnostopoulos
- Center for Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Vakrou
- Cardiology Department, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Chris Kapelios
- Cardiology Department, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - John Barbetseas
- Cardiology Department, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Mina Psichogiou
- 1st Internal Medicine Department, Medical School of the University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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21
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Aortic dissection and accelerated aneurysmal degeneration in a patient with giant cell arteritis. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2020; 6:598-602. [PMID: 33163741 PMCID: PMC7599380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is associated with nonatheromatous aortic pathology. Here we present a case in which a 76-year-old woman with a biopsy-proven history of GCA and a previous repair of her ascending aortic aneurysm presents with an acute dissection of a 4-cm aneurysm in the descending thoracic aorta. It was treated using endovascular techniques. This report adds to a growing body of evidence that GCA is a risk factor for aortic dissection and nonatheromatous aortic aneurysms.
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22
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Aljizeeri A, Small G, Malhotra S, Buechel R, Jain D, Dwivedi G, Al-Mallah MH. The role of cardiac imaging in the management of non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:801-818. [PMID: 30864047 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become the pandemic of the new century. About 36.9 million people are living with HIV worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy in 1996 has dramatically changed the global landscape of HIV care, resulting in significantly improved survival and changing HIV to a chronic disease. With near-normal life expectancy, contemporary cardiac care faces multiple challenges of cardiovascular diseases, disorders specific to HIV/AIDS, and those related to aging and higher prevalence of traditional risk factors. Non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases are major components of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS. Non-invasive cardiac imaging plays a pivotal role in the management of these diseases. This review summarizes the non-ischemic presentation of the HIV cardiovascular spectrum focusing on the role of cardiac imaging in the management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aljizeeri
- King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affaire, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Small
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Saurabh Malhotra
- Division of Cardiology, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronny Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diwakar Jain
- Division of Cardiology and Nuclear Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Hawthorne, NY, USA
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Smith-19, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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Soto Castillo JJ, Loarce-Martos J, Blanc-Molina JM. Large vessel vasculitis secondary to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. VASA 2020; 49:509-513. [PMID: 32452726 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aortitis is a rare entity that may cause fever of unknown origin. This entity has a wide various etiologies, which main cause is rheumatologic, but not only. Iatrogenia has also been described, including chemotherapy and supporting treatment (like granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in oncological patients. The evidence in favour of this pharmacological link is growing. The differential diagnosis of fever, in febrile neutropenia setting, can be difficult to itemize.
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24
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Sharma S, Pandey NN, Sinha M, Chandrashekhara SH. Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Aortitis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43:1821-1836. [PMID: 32390100 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aortitis includes conditions with infectious or non-infectious etiology, characterized by inflammatory changes in one or more layers in aortic wall. Age at onset, geographic predilections, distribution and pattern of involvement in aorta, its branches and pulmonary arteries, and systemic associations provide a clue to etiology. Clinical presentations are often non-specific. An integrated approach including clinical, laboratory and imaging assessment is essential to confirm diagnosis and plan treatment. Assessment of disease activity is the key as it influences timing and outcome of treatment. Markers of activity include clinical, laboratory and imaging. Medical management remains the first-line therapy. Revascularization is indicated in the presence of hemodynamically significant stenosis and inactive disease. In the presence of flash pulmonary edema, left ventricular dysfunction or hypertensive encephalopathy, revascularization is performed irrespective of disease activity. Endovascular management is favored over surgery due to its high success and low restenosis rates. Symptomatic aneurysmal disease is usually managed by surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Niraj Nirmal Pandey
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mumun Sinha
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S H Chandrashekhara
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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25
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Nagpal P, Agrawal MD, Saboo SS, Hedgire S, Priya S, Steigner ML. Imaging of the aortic root on high-pitch non-gated and ECG-gated CT: awareness is the key! Insights Imaging 2020; 11:51. [PMID: 32198657 PMCID: PMC7083991 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aortic pathologies are well recognized on imaging. However, conventionally cardiac and proximal aortic abnormalities were only seen on dedicated cardiac or aortic studies due to need for ECG gating. Advances in CT technology have allowed motionless imaging of the chest and abdomen, leading to an increased visualization of cardiac and aortic root diseases on non-ECG-gated imaging. The advances are mostly driven by high pitch due to faster gantry rotation and table speed. The high-pitch scans are being increasingly used for variety of clinical indications because the images are free of motion artifact (both breathing and pulsation) as well as decreased radiation dose. Recognition of aortic root pathologies may be challenging due to lack of familiarity of radiologists with disease spectrum and their imaging appearance. It is important to recognize some of these conditions as early diagnosis and intervention is key to improving prognosis. We present a comprehensive review of proximal aortic anatomy, pathologies commonly seen at the aortic root, and their imaging appearances to familiarize radiologists with the diseases of this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Nagpal
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mukta D Agrawal
- Department of Radiology, Non-invasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Brigham and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sachin S Saboo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sandeep Hedgire
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarv Priya
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael L Steigner
- Department of Radiology, Non-invasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Brigham and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Nielsen BD, Gormsen LC. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis. PET Clin 2020; 15:135-145. [PMID: 32145884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and is one of the recommended imaging modalities for confirmation of the diagnosis. This article focuses on the role of FDG-PET/CT in LVV diagnosis and disease monitoring, mainly focusing on giant cell arteritis; in particular, the diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic criteria, the potential pitfalls in the interpretation of large vessel FDG uptake, and the clinical indication compared with other imaging modalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Dalsgaard Nielsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 59, Entrance E, Aarhus, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Falkevej 1A, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Lars Christian Gormsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, Entrance J, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
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Kikuchi S, Okada K, Hibi K, Maejima N, Yabu N, Uchida K, Tamura K, Kimura K. Coronary arteritis: a case series. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2020; 4:1-6. [PMID: 32352046 PMCID: PMC7180521 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The present article describes two cases of patients with coronary arteritis (CA) whose identification of CA diagnosis (late vs. early) resulted in different clinical courses and outcomes. Case summary Case 1 is a 53-year-old woman with multiple coronary risk factors who was admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and significant stenosis in the left main trunk (LMT). Although clues suggested arteritis (LMT lesion without any other stenosis, occlusion of left internal thoracic artery, etc.), the diagnosis of CA (coronary involvement of unclassified arteritis) was delayed and revascularization, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), was performed under uncontrolled inflammatory status. As a result, Case 1 experienced repeated ACS episodes due to graft failure and in-stent restenosis, and repeatedly underwent PCI. Case 2 is a 76-year-old woman with no significant coronary risk factors who was admitted with ACS. This patient was successfully diagnosed with coronary involvement of Takayasu arteritis before revascularization. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed after stabilizing inflammation with prednisolone, and the patient remains angina-free beyond 1-year post-CABG. In both cases, intravascular imaging clearly identified the localization and degree of inflammation related to CA by demonstrating specific findings (ambiguous typical three-layer structure of arterial wall and extended low-echoic areas within adventitia). Discussion Accurate and early diagnosis with meticulous diagnostic and therapeutic strategies appear to be important for favourable clinical outcomes in the medical treatment of patients with coronary involvement of arteritis. Intravascular imaging has the potential to contribute to optimizing clinical management of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Kikuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kozo Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Maejima
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Naoto Yabu
- Division of Cardiolovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Keiji Uchida
- Division of Cardiolovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
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Ikonomidis I, Makavos G, Katsimbri P, Boumpas DT, Parissis J, Iliodromitis E. Imaging Risk in Multisystem Inflammatory Diseases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:2517-2537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bossone E, LaBounty TM, Eagle KA. Acute aortic syndromes: diagnosis and management, an update. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:739-749d. [PMID: 29106452 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) encompass a constellation of life-threatening medical conditions including classic acute aortic dissection (AAD), intramural haematoma, and penetrating atherosclerotic aortic ulcer. Given the non-specific symptoms and physical signs, a high clinical index of suspicion is necessary to detect the disease before irreversible lethal complications occur. In order to reduce the diagnostic time delay, a comprehensive flowchart for decision-making based on pre-test sensitivity of AAS has been designed by the European Society of Cardiology guidelines on aortic diseases and should be thus applied in the emergency scenario. When the definitive diagnosis is made, prompt and appropriate therapeutic interventions should be undertaken if indicated by a highly specialized aortic team. Urgent surgery for AAD involving the ascending aorta (Type A) and medical therapy alone for AAD not involving the ascending aorta (Type B) are typically recommended. In complicated Type B AAD, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is generally indicated. On the other hand, in uncomplicated Type B AAD, pre-emptive TEVAR rather than medical therapy alone to prevent late complications, while intuitive, requires further study in randomized cohorts. Finally, it should be highlighted that there is an urgent need to increase awareness of AAS worldwide, including dedicated education/prevention programmes, and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and lifelong surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy M LaBounty
- University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Kim A Eagle
- University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Lee SM, Lai YK, Wen WD. Aortoenteric fistula secondary to an Inflammatory Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Radiol Case Rep 2019; 13:8-27. [PMID: 32184927 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v13i9.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary aortoenteric fistulas are rare, with the annual incidence of such fistulas estimated to be 0.007 per million. The most common predisposing conditions for primary aortoenteric fistulas are atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms or penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers. We illustrate a rare case of an inflammatory aortic aneurysm causing a primary aortic fistula, with a direct fistulous jet from the aorta to the bowel with resultant catastrophic bleeding. In contrast to atherosclerotic aneurysms, most inflammatory aneurysms are symptomatic and show dense perianeurysmal fibrosis and periaortic wall thickening. A direct jet of contrast extravasation from the aorta into a bowel loop, while rarely seen, remains the most specific sign of a primary aorta-enteric fistula. A comprehensive literature review of the clinical presentation, imaging features, and differential diagnosis of a primary aortoenteric fistula are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Melissa Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yusheng Keefe Lai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei David Wen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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31
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Maurus S, Sommer NN, Kooijman H, Coppenrath E, Witt M, Schulze-Koops H, Czihal M, Hoffmann U, Saam T, Treitl KM. 3D black-blood 3T-MRI for the diagnosis of abdominal large vessel vasculitis. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1041-1044. [PMID: 31529250 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the value of a T1-3D black-blood turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence for the diagnosis of abdominal large vessel vasculitis (LVV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 20 patients with abdominal LVV and 17 controls, who underwent a 3T-MRI scan using a modified T1-3D volumetric isotropic TSE acquisition and a segmented T1-3D turbo field echo sequence (T1-mVISTA/T1-eTHRIVE). Two radiologists independently analyzed the aorta for concentric contrast enhancement, concentric wall thickening, image quality, and flow artifact intensity (CCE/CWT/IQ/FAI; 4-point scales). The mean aortic wall thickness (MAWT) in post-contrast T1-mVISTA was compared between patients and controls. RESULTS IQ of T1-mVISTA was rated good to excellent in 91.5% of 282 evaluated vessel segments with no or minor FAI present in 85.5%. The inter-observer reproducibility for the identification of CCE/CWT on T1-mVISTA was 0.92 and 0.93 (p < 0.001). The distribution of segmental inflammation in T1-mVISTA significantly correlated with T1-eTHRIVE (CCE, κ = 0.768; CWT, κ = 0.715; p < 0.001), resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 100%, 81.3%, and 83.3%. The MAWT significantly differed between patients and controls (3.29 ± 0.81 vs. 2.24 ± 0.45 mm; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS T1-mVISTA enables the evaluation of the MAWT and allows the detection of abdominal LVV. KEY POINTS • 3D T1w-mVISTA accurately depicted the large abdominal vessels. • 3D T1w-mVISTA enables accurate measurements of the abdominal aortic wall thickness. • 3D T1w-mVISTA is useful for the detection of abdominal LVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Maurus
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nora N Sommer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Eva Coppenrath
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Witt
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schulze-Koops
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Czihal
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hoffmann
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Saam
- Radiologisches Zentrum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Karla M Treitl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK e. V.), Munich, Germany
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Moragas Solanes M, Andreu Magarolas M, Martín Miramon J, Caresia Aróztegui A, Monteagudo Jiménez M, Oliva Morera J, Diaz Martín C, Rodríguez Revuelto A, Bravo Ferrer Z, Bernà Roqueta L. Comparative study of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT angiography in the detection of large vessel vasculitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haensig M. Type B intramural hematoma: focus on reasons for development and overlapping clinical disease. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 8:494-496. [PMID: 31463214 DOI: 10.21037/acs.2019.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haensig
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Goldhar HA, Walker KM, Abdelrazek M, Belanger EC, Boodhwani M, Milman N. Characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of patients with histologically diagnosed aortitis. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2019; 3:rky051. [PMID: 31431987 PMCID: PMC6649911 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rky051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Our aim was to evaluate characteristics and prospective adverse aortic outcomes in a cohort of patients with non-infectious histological aortitis. Methods Patients with histological aortitis, diagnosed at the Ottawa Hospital after surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms or dissections, consented to enrolment in a prospective observational cohort. Patients were assessed for an underlying inflammatory condition and followed prospectively with periodic clinical, laboratory and radiographic assessments. Aortic outcomes during follow-up included significant events, defined as new thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms, dissections, ruptures or other complications requiring aortic intervention, in addition to aortic branch ectasias, aneurysms and stenosis. Results Sixteen patients with histological aortitis from surgical procedures performed between 2010 and 2017 were included; nine had idiopathic and seven had secondary aortitis. Idiopathic patients were more likely to have smoked (100 vs 43%, P = 0.02) and had more associated arch or descending aortic aneurysms on pre-operative baseline imaging compared with secondary aortitis (6 vs 0, P = 0.01). At the median 3.6 years of follow-up, eight patients (50%) had 10 significant aortic events. The incidence of aortic dissection was higher in the first year post-surgery, compared with subsequent years, whereas incident aneurysms occurred throughout follow-up. Elevated inflammatory markers during follow-up trended towards association with accumulation of severe aortic damage. Conclusion This is the first reported prospective study in patients with histological aortitis. Within the limitations of a small cohort, we report a high incidence of aortic complications. Studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hart A Goldhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle M Walker
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdelrazek
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric C Belanger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Munir Boodhwani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nataliya Milman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Diagnosis of the inflammatory aortopathies and importantly, their distinction in the later stages of disease from genetically mediated or acquired (degenerative) aortopathy remains a challenging clinical problem. Historically, the diagnosis of inflammatory aortopathy has required tissue sampling and pathological assessment. Although histological diagnosis remains an important diagnostic criterion, the ability to obtain sufficient tissue samples is problematic and requires invasive approaches that pose important risk. Continuing refinement in the capabilities of multimodality imaging, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography provides important insights into the broad spectrum of disease which comprise the inflammatory aortopathies. This review examines the current and emerging role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of aortitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bois
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vidhu Anand
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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36
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Utilidad de las técnicas de imagen en la valoración de la arteritis de células gigantes. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 152:495-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Einspieler I, Henninger M, Mergen V, Wendorff H, Haller B, Eiber M, Rummeny EJ, Schwaiger M, Moog P, Thürmel K. Three-dimensional fat-saturated T1-weighted Cartesian volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) for the diagnosis of aortitis in patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis: a comparative study with 18F-FDG PET applying fully integrated PET/MRI. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:731.e11-731.e19. [PMID: 31130228 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the feasibility of T1-weighted (T1W) three-dimensional (3D) fat saturated Cartesian volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence for the diagnosis of aortitis in patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis (LVV) applying fully integrated 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen patients with aortitis and 14 patients with a negative study for aortitis using 18F-FDG PET as the standard of reference for the evaluation of inflammatory aortic involvement were included retrospectively. All patients were imaged at 3 T using T1W VIBE pre- and post-contrast. Four aortic segments were evaluated for image quality (IQ), diagnostic confidence (DC), and the degree of inflammatory activity (IA) using a Likert scale. Binomial and generalised estimating equation model tests were used to assess the diagnostic performance of T1W VIBE. Cohen's k was applied to test for interobserver reproducibility with respect to IA. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to examine correlations between IQ, DC, IA, and PET results. RESULTS On a patient- and segment-based analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 85.7% and 59.8%, 100% and 100%, 100% and 100%, 87.5% and 68%, and 92.9% and 82.1%, respectively. IQ and DC were acceptable to good in all examinations and substantial interobserver agreement was observed for IA (Cohen's k = 0.69). IQ and DC as well as IA and 18F-FDG vessel wall uptake were significantly correlated (r=0.763 and 0.679, respectively; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION T1W 3D fat saturated VIBE MRI allows diagnosis of aortitis and may aid in the management of patients with suspected LVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Einspieler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - M Henninger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - V Mergen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - H Wendorff
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - B Haller
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - M Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - E J Rummeny
- Department of Radiology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - M Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - P Moog
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - K Thürmel
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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Comparative study of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT angiography in detection of large vessel vasculitis. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 38:280-289. [PMID: 31126839 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare 18F-FDG PET/CT and CTangio in the diagnosis of extracraneal large vessel involvement in patients with suspicion of large vessel vasculitis (LVV). MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective database reviewed 59 patients with clinical suspicion of LVV undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT and CTangio. In 55 patients PET/TC and CTangio were done simultaneously in the same machine and in 4 patients with a scan interval of<1 month. PET/CT analyses included qualitatively and quantitative analysis (ratio SUVmax 18F-FDG vessel/SUVmax liver). CTangio was assessed for concentric mural thickening, contrast wall enhancement and structural vascular changes as potential complications of vasculitis. RESULTS 18F-FDG PET/CT and CTangio show high specificity (97.2%) for LVV diagnosis, with an excellent sensitivity for 18F-FDG PET/CT (95.6%) and lower for CTangio (60.9%), which leads to a high negative predictive value for 18F-FDG PET/CT (97.2%) and a high false negative rate for CTangio (39.1%). A 70% concordance between 18F-FDG PET/CT and CTangio was obtained (Kappa index 0.70± 0.095 (P<.001). CONCLUSION The results show the greater potential of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection and extension of LVV. Therefore, 18F-FDG PET/CT should be exploited to the maximum and consider as the first line imaging technique in the extracranial diagnosis of LVV and its possible association with polymyalgia rheumatica. The addition of CTangio could be more indicated in patients with Takayasu arteritis and in long-standing and/or severe vasculitis since it increases the accuracy in the detection of possible vascular complications.
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Chen B, Wang X, Yin W, Gao Y, Hou Z, An Y, Li Z, Ren X, Zhao S, Das P, Lu B. Assessment of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis: A quantitative study with computed tomography angiography. Int J Cardiol 2019; 289:144-149. [PMID: 31079971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying disease activity in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the value of quantitative characterization with computed tomography angiography in the assessment of disease activity in patients with TAK. METHODS We retrospectively analysed the data on 162 aortic CT angiography from 140 TAK patients. Patients were categorized based on disease activity according to the National Institutes of Health criteria into two groups: active disease group (n = 65) and inactive disease group (n = 97). RESULTS Patients with active TAK had a thicker wall compared with patients with inactive TAK (5.2 ± 2.4 mm vs. 2.5 ± 0.8 mm, p < 0.001). The relative post-contrast enhancement ratio of the thickened wall was higher in active TAK than in inactive TAK (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.001). Given a thickness cutoff of 3.3 mm, sensitivity for active-phase TAK was 83.1%, specificity 89.7%, positive predictive value 84.4%, and negative predictive value 88.8%. With a relative post-contrast enhancement ratio cutoff of 1.2, sensitivity for active-phase TAK was 89.2%, specificity 76.3%, positive predictive value 71.6%, and negative predictive value 91.3%. In receiver-operating characteristic curves comparison, maximal wall thickness and relative post-contrast enhancement ratio were superior to C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate for determining active phase disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative characterization with CT angiography was a useful tool to assess disease activity in TAK patients. Maximal wall thickness and relative post-contrast enhancement ratio have a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting TAK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Vascular Diseases, Shandong University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China; Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Vascular Diseases, Shandong University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China.
| | - Weihua Yin
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Zhihui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Yunqiang An
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Zhennan Li
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Xinshuang Ren
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Vascular Diseases, Shandong University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Pritam Das
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Vascular Diseases, Shandong University, #324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, #167 Bei-Li-Shi Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, PR China.
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Roldan PC, Greene ER, Qualls CR, Sibbitt WL, Roldan CA. Progression of atherosclerosis versus arterial stiffness with age within and between arteries in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1027-1036. [PMID: 30877372 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The progression of atherosclerosis versus arterial stiffness with age within and between arteries has not been defined. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a human model of accelerated arterial disease that may permit this determination. 76 SLE patients (69 women, age 37 ± 12 years) and 26 age-and-sex-matched controls (22 women, age 34 ± 11 years) underwent transesophageal echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography for assessment of atherosclerosis [plaques and intima-media thickening (IMT)] and arterial stiffness [increased pressure-strain elastic modulus (PSEM)] of the descending thoracic aorta and carotid arteries. Since IMT is highly associated with plaques, IMT was used as a marker of atherosclerosis to assess its progression in relation with age and PSEM. Aortic and carotid plaques, IMT, and PSEM were greater in patients than in controls (all p ≤ 0.05). Within the aorta and within the carotid arteries, the average percent increases per decade of age for IMT versus PSEM were similar in patients (8.55% versus 9.33% and 3.39% versus 2.46%, respectively) and controls (5.53% versus 6.60% and 4.75% versus 3.49%, respectively) (all p ≥ 0.58). However, in SLE patients, the average percent increases per decade of age for IMT and PSEM were higher in the aorta than in the carotid arteries (8.55% and 9.33% versus 3.39% and 2.46%, respectively, both p ≤ 0.03). In patients with SLE, atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness progress with age parallel to each other within arteries, but divergently between arteries with different anatomy and hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C Roldan
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Cardiology 5-ACC, MSC 10-5550, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Ernest R Greene
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Cardiology 5-ACC, MSC 10-5550, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Clifford R Qualls
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Cardiology 5-ACC, MSC 10-5550, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Wilmer L Sibbitt
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Cardiology 5-ACC, MSC 10-5550, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Carlos A Roldan
- Divisions of Cardiology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Cardiology 5-ACC, MSC 10-5550, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
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41
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Veit-Haibach P, Ellaban H, Farkouh ME. Editorial commentary: Imaging the aorta for inflammation: Informing practice on emerging molecular techniques. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 29:449-450. [PMID: 30770175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Veit-Haibach
- Joint Department Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Ellaban
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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42
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Lee JC, Wee YS. Imaging aortitis. Intern Med J 2019; 49:136-137. [PMID: 30680900 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yong S Wee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Large-Vessel Vasculitides. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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De Martino A, Ballestracci P, Faggioni L, Pratali S, Morganti R, Pucci A, Bortolotti U. Incidence of Aortitis in Surgical Specimens of the Ascending Aorta Clinical Implications at Follow-Up. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 31:751-760. [PMID: 30414447 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the incidence of aortitis on a surgical population, establish any relationship with systemic diseases, verify early and late surgical results and provide clinical and radiological follow-up to determine factors potentially predicting progression of the disease and influencing late outcome. From 2009 to 2017, 237 patients underwent elective operations on the ascending aorta. Segments of the excised tissues were routinely sent for histologic evaluation, providing adequate data in 178 (75%) for a clinical and pathologic correlation. Patients with aortitis (Group 1) (n = 26) were compared with 152 with atherosclerotic or degenerative disease (Group 2). Incidence of aortitis was 15%, being clinically isolated in 73%. In 24 patients (92%), a giant cell aortitis was found. Actuarial survival at 3 years is 88% in Group 1 and 98% in Group 2 and 74% and 98% at 5 years, respectively (P = 0.016). A control angio-computed tomography revealed an increased descending aorta diameter in 2 out of 14 late survivors. A positron emission tomography showed presence of arteritis in other vascular segments in 3 patients. Clinically isolated aortitis is extremely frequent in patients with inflammatory aortic disease. The diagnosis is often difficult and may be supported by routine pathologic evaluation of surgical explants and by multimodality imaging. The latter should be employed to allow adequate patient follow-up and to disclose potential recurrences in untreated aortic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Pratali
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Angela Pucci
- Division of Histopathology, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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45
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Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitides. Rheumatol Int 2018; 39:169-185. [PMID: 30221327 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for large-vessel vasculitides (LVV), including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Currently, available classification criteria cannot be used for the diagnosis of GCA and TAK. Early diagnosis of these two diseases is quite challenging in clinical practice and may be accomplished only by combining the patient symptoms, physical examination findings, blood test results, imaging findings, and biopsy results, if available. Awareness of red flags which lead the clinician to investigate TAK in a young patient with persistent systemic inflammation is helpful for the early diagnosis. It should be noted that clinical presentation may be highly variable in a subgroup of GCA patients with predominant large-vessel involvement (LVI) and without prominent cranial symptoms. Imaging modalities are especially helpful for the diagnosis of this subgroup. Differential diagnosis between older patients with TAK and this subgroup of GCA patients presenting with LVI may be difficult. Various pathologies may mimic LVV either by causing systemic inflammation and constitutional symptoms, or by causing lumen narrowing with or without aneurysm formation in the aorta and its branches. Differential diagnosis of aortitis is crucial. Infectious aortitis including mycotic aneurysms due to septicemia or endocarditis, as well as causes such as syphilis and mycobacterial infections should always be excluded. On the other hand, the presence of non-infectious aortitis is not unique for TAK and GCA. It should be noted that aortitis, other large-vessel involvement or both, may occasionally be seen in various other autoimmune pathologies including ANCA-positive vasculitides, Behçet's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. Besides, aortitis may be idiopathic and isolated. Atherosclerosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of LVV. Other pathologies which may mimic LVV include, but not limited to, congenital causes of aortic coarctation and middle aortic syndrome, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, and hereditary disorders of connective tissue such as Marfan syndrome and Ehler-Danlos syndrome.
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Selvaraj A, Francis N, Harky A, Goli G, Bashir M. Imaging modalities in the management of aortitis. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 35:67-71. [PMID: 33061068 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-018-0710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortitis is a pathological term that refers to the inflammation of one or more layers of the aortic wall. It is associated with a wide spectrum of inflammatory diseases of infectious and non-infectious origins, and often present with vague clinical findings and non-specific laboratory results that can model other entities. As a result, aortitis may not form part of the initial workup and appropriate treatment can be delayed or missed. Therefore, imaging modalities are required to assess for inflammation and structural changes in the aorta to support or exclude the diagnosis of aortitis. This review presents current literature on the imaging modalities utilized in the diagnosis and management of aortitis, which surgeons and physicians should be familiar with for providing optimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Selvaraj
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE UK
| | - Niroshan Francis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE UK
| | - Amer Harky
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, CH2 1UL UK
| | - Giridhara Goli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE UK
| | - Mohamad Bashir
- Department of Aortovascular Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
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Comparison between visual and numerical metrics for the evaluation of patients with Takayasu arteritis with 18F-FDG-PET. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:779-788. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Bhave NM, Nienaber CA, Clough RE, Eagle KA. Multimodality Imaging of Thoracic Aortic Diseases in Adults. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:902-919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Aortitis as a Rare Cause of Aortic Aneurysm and Valve Regurgitation: Is Repair Precluded? Case Rep Cardiol 2018; 2018:5757081. [PMID: 29662705 PMCID: PMC5831871 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5757081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortitis is an infrequent cause of aortic root dilatation and aortic valve regurgitation. Valve-sparing procedures have been proposed, but there is not clear evidence of which is the treatment of choice. We report the case of a 38-year-old pregnant lady with a diagnosis of idiopathic aortitis associated with aortic root aneurysm and severe aortic valve regurgitation.
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50
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Tombetti E, Mason JC. Takayasu arteritis: advanced understanding is leading to new horizons. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 58:206-219. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tombetti
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infections Disease, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vascular Sciences and Rheumatology, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Justin C Mason
- Vascular Sciences and Rheumatology, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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