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Holm NR, Andreasen LN, Neghabat O, Laanmets P, Kumsars I, Bennett J, Olsen NT, Odenstedt J, Hoffmann P, Dens J, Chowdhary S, O'Kane P, Bülow Rasmussen SH, Heigert M, Havndrup O, Van Kuijk JP, Biscaglia S, Mogensen LJH, Henareh L, Burzotta F, H Eek C, Mylotte D, Llinas MS, Koltowski L, Knaapen P, Calic S, Witt N, Santos-Pardo I, Watkins S, Lønborg J, Kristensen AT, Jensen LO, Calais F, Cockburn J, McNeice A, Kajander OA, Heestermans T, Kische S, Eftekhari A, Spratt JC, Christiansen EH. OCT or Angiography Guidance for PCI in Complex Bifurcation Lesions. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1477-1487. [PMID: 37634149 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2307770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with better clinical outcomes than angiography-guided PCI. Whether routine optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance in PCI of lesions involving coronary-artery branch points (bifurcations) improves clinical outcomes as compared with angiographic guidance is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial at 38 centers in Europe. Patients with a clinical indication for PCI and a complex bifurcation lesion identified by means of coronary angiography were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to OCT-guided PCI or angiography-guided PCI. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as death from a cardiac cause, target-lesion myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target-lesion revascularization at a median follow-up of 2 years. RESULTS We assigned 1201 patients to OCT-guided PCI (600 patients) or angiography-guided PCI (601 patients). A total of 111 patients (18.5%) in the OCT-guided PCI group and 116 (19.3%) in the angiography-guided PCI group had a bifurcation lesion involving the left main coronary artery. At 2 years, a primary end-point event had occurred in 59 patients (10.1%) in the OCT-guided PCI group and in 83 patients (14.1%) in the angiography-guided PCI group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.98; P = 0.035). Procedure-related complications occurred in 41 patients (6.8%) in the OCT-guided PCI group and 34 patients (5.7%) in the angiography-guided PCI group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with complex coronary-artery bifurcation lesions, OCT-guided PCI was associated with a lower incidence of MACE at 2 years than angiography-guided PCI. (Funded by Abbott Vascular and others; OCTOBER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03171311.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels R Holm
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lene N Andreasen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Omeed Neghabat
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Peep Laanmets
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Indulis Kumsars
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Johan Bennett
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Niels T Olsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jacob Odenstedt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Pavel Hoffmann
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jo Dens
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Saqib Chowdhary
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Peter O'Kane
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Søren-Haldur Bülow Rasmussen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Matthias Heigert
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Ole Havndrup
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jan P Van Kuijk
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Simone Biscaglia
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lone J H Mogensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Loghman Henareh
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Christian H Eek
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Darren Mylotte
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Miquel S Llinas
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lukasz Koltowski
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Paul Knaapen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Slobodan Calic
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Nils Witt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Irene Santos-Pardo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Stuart Watkins
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Andreas T Kristensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lisette O Jensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Fredrik Calais
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - James Cockburn
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Andrew McNeice
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Olli A Kajander
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Ton Heestermans
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Stephan Kische
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Ashkan Eftekhari
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - James C Spratt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Evald H Christiansen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
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Ali ZA, Landmesser U, Maehara A, Matsumura M, Shlofmitz RA, Guagliumi G, Price MJ, Hill JM, Akasaka T, Prati F, Bezerra HG, Wijns W, Leistner D, Canova P, Alfonso F, Fabbiocchi F, Dogan O, McGreevy RJ, McNutt RW, Nie H, Buccola J, West NEJ, Stone GW. Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided versus Angiography-Guided PCI. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1466-1476. [PMID: 37634188 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2305861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding clinical outcomes after optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as compared with angiography-guided PCI are limited. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, single-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with medication-treated diabetes or complex coronary-artery lesions to undergo OCT-guided PCI or angiography-guided PCI. A final blinded OCT procedure was performed in patients in the angiography group. The two primary efficacy end points were the minimum stent area after PCI as assessed with OCT and target-vessel failure at 2 years, defined as a composite of death from cardiac causes, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target-vessel revascularization. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS The trial was conducted at 80 sites in 18 countries. A total of 2487 patients underwent randomization: 1233 patients were assigned to undergo OCT-guided PCI, and 1254 to undergo angiography-guided PCI. The minimum stent area after PCI was 5.72±2.04 mm2 in the OCT group and 5.36±1.87 mm2 in the angiography group (mean difference, 0.36 mm2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.51; P<0.001). Target-vessel failure within 2 years occurred in 88 patients in the OCT group and in 99 patients in the angiography group (Kaplan-Meier estimates, 7.4% and 8.2%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.19; P = 0.45). OCT-related adverse events occurred in 1 patient in the OCT group and in 2 patients in the angiography group. Stent thrombosis within 2 years occurred in 6 patients (0.5%) in the OCT group and in 17 patients (1.4%) in the angiography group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing PCI, OCT guidance resulted in a larger minimum stent area than angiography guidance, but there was no apparent between-group difference in the percentage of patients with target-vessel failure at 2 years. (Funded by Abbott; ILUMIEN IV: OPTIMAL PCI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03507777.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad A Ali
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Akiko Maehara
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Mitsuaki Matsumura
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Richard A Shlofmitz
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Giulio Guagliumi
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Matthew J Price
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Jonathan M Hill
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Prati
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Hiram G Bezerra
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - William Wijns
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - David Leistner
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Paolo Canova
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Alfonso
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Franco Fabbiocchi
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Ozgen Dogan
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Robert J McGreevy
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Robert W McNutt
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Hong Nie
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Jana Buccola
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Nick E J West
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
| | - Gregg W Stone
- From St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn (Z.A.A., R.A.S.), Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York (Z.A.A., A.M., M.M.), the Center for Interventional Cardiovascular Care, Columbia University (A.M., O.D.), and the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (G.W.S.), New York, and New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head (Z.A.A.) - all in New York; the Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (U.L., D.L.), Berlin Institute of Health (U.L.), and Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin (U.L.), Berlin, and the Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Goethe University Hospital, and DZHK Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt (D.L.) - all in Germany; IRCCS Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Hospital (G.G.) and IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino (F.F.), Milan, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences and Centro per la Lotta contro l'Infarto, Rome (F.P.), and Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (P.C.) - all in Italy; the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (M.J.P.), and Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara (R.J.M., R.W.M., H.N., J.B., N.E.J.W.) - both in California; Royal Brompton Hospital, London (J.M.H.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan (T.A.); Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL (H.G.B.); the Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and Cúram, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland (W.W.); and the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid (F.A.)
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