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El Kadi S, van de Veerdonk MC, Spoormans EM, Verouden NJW, Li S, Xie F, Azevedo LF, Mathias W, van Rossum AC, Porter TR, Kamp O. Sonothrombolysis in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Electrocardiographic No-Reflow After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024:S0894-7317(24)00346-8. [PMID: 38972613 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Approximately 50% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience microvascular no-reflow. Pre- and post-PCI sonothrombolysis has been shown to decrease infarct size and improve left ventricular (LV) systolic function in STEMI patients receiving urgent PCI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether post-PCI sonothrombolysis alone in STEMI patients with persistent ST elevation could reduce no-reflow and infarct size. METHODS Patients with STEMI with symptoms <12 hours who had persistent ST elevation (≤70% ST resolution) after primary PCI were randomized to sonothrombolysis or control. The primary end point was summed (Σ) ST elevation 60 minutes after study intervention. Secondary end points included infarct size, myocardial perfusion score, LV ejection fraction on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 2 months follow-up, and clinical outcome at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Sixty-seven STEMI patients with persistent ST elevation after PCI were randomized (49 left anterior descending, 18 right coronary/left circumflex artery). No difference was observed in Σ ST elevation 60 minutes after study intervention (mean difference, 0.6 mm; 95% CI, -1.1 to 2.2, P = .50). Complete ST resolution occurred in 14 (40%) of patients treated with sonothrombolysis compared to 6 (19%) of controls (P = .16). Myocardial perfusion score index (1.5 ± 0.3 vs 1.5 ± 0.3, P = .93), infarct size (18.0% ± 10% vs 16.8% ± 11%; P = .29) and LV ejection fraction on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (46% ± 8% vs 47% ± 11% in the control group; P = .86) were comparable. Incidence of all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, and hospital admission for heart failure at 6-month follow-up was similar between the groups (sonothrombolysis, 2; control, 5). CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients with persistent ST elevation after PCI, post-PCI sonothrombolysis did not result in more ST resolution or smaller infarct size compared to control subjects. The incidence of the combined clinical end points was remarkably low in this high-risk patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane El Kadi
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Eva M Spoormans
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J W Verouden
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shouqiang Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Feng Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Wilson Mathias
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Porter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Otto Kamp
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Li Y, Li Y, Chen H. The effect of ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis studied in blood-on-a-chip. Artif Organs 2024; 48:734-742. [PMID: 38380722 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolism, which leads to pulmonary embolism and ischemic stroke, remains one of the main causes of death. Ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (UAT) is an effective thrombolytic method. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of ultrasound on arterial and venous thrombi. METHODS We employed the blood-on-a-chip technology to simulate thrombus formation in coronary stenosis and deep vein valves. Subsequently, UAT was conducted on the chip to assess the impact of ultrasound on thrombolysis under varying flow conditions. Real-time fluorescence was used to assess thrombolysis and drug penetration. Finally, scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were used to determine the effect of ultrasound on fibrinolysis. RESULTS The study revealed that UAT enhanced the thrombolytic rate by 40% in the coronary stenosis chip and by 10% in the deep venous valves chip. This enhancement is attributed to the disruption of crosslinked fibrin fibers by ultrasound, leading to increased urokinase diffusion within the thrombus and accumulation of plasminogen on the fibrinogen α chain. Moreover, the acceleration of the dissolution rate of thrombi in the venous valve chip by ultrasound was not as significant as that in the coronary stenosis chip. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the differential impact of ultrasound on thrombolysis under various flow conditions and emphasize the valuable role of the blood-on-a-chip technology in exploring thrombolysis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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3
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Walsh JL, Kotronias RA, Banning AP, De Maria GL. Interventional thrombus modification in STEMI. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:435-436. [PMID: 38565957 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Walsh
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafail A Kotronias
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian P Banning
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanni Luigi De Maria
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Ye Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Slezak P, Lu F, Xie R, Lee D, Lan G, Hu E. pH-Responsive Theranostic Colloidosome Drug Carriers Enable Real-Time Imaging of Targeted Thrombolytic Process with Near-Infrared-II for Deep Venous Thrombosis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0388. [PMID: 38812529 PMCID: PMC11136571 DOI: 10.34133/research.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis can cause life-threatening disorders. Unfortunately, current therapeutic methods for thrombosis using injecting thrombolytic medicines systemically resulted in unexpected bleeding complications. Moreover, the absence of practical imaging tools for thrombi raised dangers of undertreatment and overtreatment. This study develops a theranostic drug carrier, Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD, that enables real-time monitoring of the targeted thrombolytic process of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD, which is prepared from a Pickering-emulsion-like system, encapsulates both near-infrared-II (NIR-II) contrast agent (IR-1048 dye, loading capacity: 28%) and urokinase plasminogen activators (uPAs, encapsulation efficiency: 89%), pioneering the loading of multiple drugs with contrasting hydrophilicity into one single-drug carrier. Upon intravenous injection, Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD considerably targets to thrombi selectively (targeting rate: 91%) and disintegrates in response to acidic thrombi to release IR-1048 dye and uPA for imaging and thrombolysis, respectively. Investigations indicate that Pkr(IR-Ca/Pda-uPA)-cRGD enabled real-time visualization of targeted thrombolysis using NIR-II imaging in DVT models, in which thrombi were eliminated (120 min after drug injection) without bleeding complications. This may be the first study using convenient NIR-II imaging for real-time visualization of targeted thrombolysis. It represents the precision medicine that enables rapid response to acquire instantaneous medical images and make necessary real-time adjustments to diagnostic and therapeutic protocols during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhechang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shengzhang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Yueqing People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325699, China
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology,
AUVA Research Center, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruiqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology,
AUVA Research Center, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering and Department of Polymer·Nano Science and Technology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Guangqian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Enling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Fashion and Textiles,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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5
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Shakya G, Cattaneo M, Guerriero G, Prasanna A, Fiorini S, Supponen O. Ultrasound-responsive microbubbles and nanodroplets: A pathway to targeted drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 206:115178. [PMID: 38199257 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound-responsive agents have shown great potential as targeted drug delivery agents, effectively augmenting cell permeability and facilitating drug absorption. This review focuses on two specific agents, microbubbles and nanodroplets, and provides a sequential overview of their drug delivery process. Particular emphasis is given to the mechanical response of the agents under ultrasound, and the subsequent physical and biological effects on the cells. Finally, the state-of-the-art in their pre-clinical and clinical implementation are discussed. Throughout the review, major challenges that need to be overcome in order to accelerate their clinical translation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazendra Shakya
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Anunay Prasanna
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Fiorini
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Outi Supponen
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Sonneggstrasse 3, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
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6
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Bouakaz A, Michel Escoffre J. From concept to early clinical trials: 30 years of microbubble-based ultrasound-mediated drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 206:115199. [PMID: 38325561 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound mediated drug delivery, a promising therapeutic modality, has evolved remarkably over the past three decades. Initially designed to enhance contrast in ultrasound imaging, microbubbles have emerged as a main vector for drug delivery, offering targeted therapy with minimized side effects. This review addresses the historical progression of this technology, emphasizing the pivotal role microbubbles play in augmenting drug extravasation and targeted delivery. We explore the complex mechanisms behind this technology, from stable and inertial cavitation to diverse acoustic phenomena, and their applications in medical fields. While the potential of ultrasound mediated drug delivery is undeniable, there are still challenges to overcome. Balancing therapeutic efficacy and safety and establishing standardized procedures are essential areas requiring attention. A multidisciplinary approach, gathering collaborations between researchers, engineers, and clinicians, is important for exploiting the full potential of this technology. In summary, this review highlights the potential of using ultrasound mediated drug delivery in improving patient care across various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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7
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Ultrasound Guidelines: Emergency, Point-of-Care, and Clinical Ultrasound Guidelines in Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:e115-e155. [PMID: 37596025 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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8
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Ho YJ, Cheng HL, Liao LD, Lin YC, Tsai HC, Yeh CK. Oxygen-loaded microbubble-mediated sonoperfusion and oxygenation for neuroprotection after ischemic stroke reperfusion. Biomater Res 2023; 27:65. [PMID: 37415210 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke-reperfusion (S/R) injury is a crucial issue in the protection of brain function after thrombolysis. The vasodilation induced by ultrasound (US)-stimulated microbubble cavitation has been applied to reduce S/R injury through sonoperfusion. The present study uses oxygen-loaded microbubbles (OMBs) with US stimulation to provide sonoperfusion and local oxygen therapy for the reduction of brain infarct size and neuroprotection after S/R. METHODS The murine S/R model was established by photodynamic thrombosis and thrombolysis at the remote branch of the anterior cerebral artery. In vivo blood flow, partial oxygen pressure (pO2), and brain infarct staining were examined to analyze the validity of the animal model and OMB treatment results. The animal behaviors and measurement of the brain infarct area were used to evaluate long-term recovery of brain function. RESULTS The percentage of blood flow was 45 ± 3%, 70 ± 3%, and 86 ± 2% after 60 min stroke, 20 min reperfusion, and 10 min OMB treatment, respectively, demonstrating sonoperfusion, and the corresponding pO2 level was 60 ± 1%, 76 ± 2%, and 79 ± 4%, showing reoxygenation. After 14 days of treatment, a 87 ± 3% reduction in brain infarction and recovery of limb coordination were observed in S/R mice. The expression of NF-κB, HIF-1α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 was inhibited and that of eNOS, BDNF, Bcl2, and IL-10 was enhanced, indicating activation of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis responses and neuroprotection. Our study demonstrated that OMB treatment combines the beneficial effects of sonoperfusion and local oxygen therapy to reduce brain infarction and activate neuroprotection to prevent S/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lung Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5Fuxing St.Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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9
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Zhao C, Zhang R, Liu S, Li X, Sun D, Jiang Y, Yang M. Photoacoustic/ultrasound-guided gene silencing: Multifunctional microbubbles for treating adjuvant-induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109978. [PMID: 37012868 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To effectively deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inflammatory tissues for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we developed the multifunctional microbubbles (MBs) to perform photoacoustic/ultrasound-guided gene silencing. METHODS Fluorescein amidite (FAM)-labelled tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-siRNA and cationic MBs were mixed to fabricate FAM-TNF-α-siRNA-cMBs. The cell transfection efficacy of FAM-TNF-α-siRNA-cMBs was evaluated in vitro on RAW264.7 cells. Subsequently, wistar rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) were injected intravenously with MBs and simultaneously subjected to low-frequency ultrasound for ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) was utilized to visualize the distribution of siRNA. And the clinical and pathological changes of AIA rats was estimated. RESULTS FAM-TNF-α-siRNA-cMBs were evenly distributed within the RAW264.7 cells and significantly reduced TNF-α mRNA levels of the cells. For AIA rats, the entering and collapsing of MBs was visualized by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Photoacoustic imaging showed markedly enhanced signals following injection, indicating localization of the FAM-labelled siRNA. The articular tissues of the AIA rats treated with TNF-α-siRNA-cMBs and UTMD showed decreased TNF-α expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The theranostic MBs exhibited a TNF-α gene silencing effect under the guidance of CEUS and PAI. The theranostic MBs served as vehicles for delivering siRNA as well as contrast agents for CEUS and PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University Shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sirui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Desheng Sun
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University Shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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10
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Ma Y, Liu C, Cao S, Chen T, Chen G. Microfluidics for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:546-559. [PMID: 36542463 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a type of circulatory system disease related to the lesions of the cardiovascular system, has become one of the main diseases that endanger human health. Currently, the clinical diagnosis of most CVDs relies on a combination of imaging technology and blood biochemical test. However, the existing technologies for diagnosis of CVDs still have limitations in terms of specificity, detection range, and cost. In order to break through the current bottleneck, microfluidic with the advantages of low cost, simple instruments and easy integration, has been developed to play an important role in the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. Here, we have reviewed the recent various applications of microfluidic in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CVDs, including microfluidic devices for detecting CVD markers, the cardiovascular models based on microfluidic, and the microfluidic used for CVDs drug screening and delivery. In addition, we have briefly looked forward to the prospects and challenges of microfluidics in diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggeng Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Chenbin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Guifang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
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11
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Recent progress in theranostic microbubbles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Cotter B, Raisinghani A, DeMaria AN. Established and emerging roles for ultrasound enhancing agents (contrast echocardiography). Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:1114-1122. [PMID: 36183366 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to opacify the left ventricle and delineate the endocardium after intravenous injection of microbubble ultrasound enhancing agents is of established value to quantify volumes and function in suboptimal unenhanced images, particularly in stress echocardiograms. However, applications other than quantitation of left ventricle structure and function exist for contrast enhanced left ventricular opacification. Contrast agents enable recording of Doppler velocity signals in patients with poor ultrasound transmission, providing estimates of aortic stenosis gradient and pulmonary artery pressures. Contrast echo is of value in detecting apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and accompanying apical aneurysms. Most importantly, ultrasound enhancing agents can identify apical and left atrial masses when they cannot be visualized in unenhanced images, and can distinguish thrombi from tumors by visualizing the vascularity inherent in tumors. Contrast agents distinguish trabecular from compacted myocardium in noncompaction syndrome, and hypertrabeculation with other abnormal conditions. A major potential application of ultrasound enhancing agents is myocardial opacification, which can assist in identifying nonviable myocardium. Also, the delayed reappearance of myocardial perfusion after microbubble destruction identifies impaired contrary flow and can diagnose coronary stenosis. Innovative applications of ultrasound contrast agents currently under investigation, include visualizing the vaso vasorum to identify plaques and assess their vulnerability, and theranostic agents to deliver drugs and biologists and to assist in sonothrombolysis. It is anticipated that the role of ultrasound contrast agents will continue to increase in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cotter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ajit Raisinghani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anthony N DeMaria
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Wang Z, Pan Y, Huang H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zou C, Huang G, Chen Y, Li Y, Li J, Chen H. Enhanced thrombolysis by endovascular low-frequency ultrasound with bifunctional microbubbles in venous thrombosis: in vitro and in vivo study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:965769. [PMID: 35942007 PMCID: PMC9356075 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.965769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to improve the efficacy and safety of endovascular techniques in venous thrombotic diseases, and microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis is a promising approach. However, whether endovascular low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) can be utilized in microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis is unclear. Here, we present a catheter-based thrombolytic system that combines unfocused low-frequency low-intensity ultrasound with novel fibrin-targeted drug-loaded bifunctional microbubbles. We develop an in vitro flow model and an in vivo rabbit inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis model to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the thrombolytic system. The results indicate that microbubble enhanced sonothrombolysis with endovascular LFUS treatment for 30 min is equally effective compared to pure pharmacologic treatment. Furthermore, the thrombolytic efficacy of this system is safely and substantially improved by the introduction of a fibrin-targeted drug-loaded bifunctional microbubble with a reduction of the fibrinolytic agent dosage by 60%. The microbubble enhanced endovascular LFUS sonothrombolysis system with excellent thrombolytic efficacy may serve as a new therapeutic approach for venous thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaigu Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Zou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuexin Chen, ; Yongjian Li,
| | - Yongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuexin Chen, ; Yongjian Li,
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Lu S, Zhao P, Deng Y, Liu Y. Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Delivery through Micro/Nanobubble-Assisted Ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030480. [PMID: 35335857 PMCID: PMC8954263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound with low frequency (20–100 kHz) assisted drug delivery has been widely investigated as a non-invasive method to enhance the permeability and retention effect of drugs. The functional micro/nanobubble loaded with drugs could provide an unprecedented opportunity for targeted delivery. Then, ultrasound with higher intensity would locally burst bubbles and release agents, thus avoiding side effects associated with systemic administration. Furthermore, ultrasound-mediated destruction of micro/nanobubbles can effectively increase the permeability of vascular membranes and cell membranes, thereby not only increasing the distribution concentration of drugs in the interstitial space of target tissues but also promoting the penetration of drugs through cell membranes into the cytoplasm. These advancements have transformed ultrasound from a purely diagnostic utility into a promising theragnostic tool. In this review, we first discuss the structure and generation of micro/nanobubbles. Second, ultrasound parameters and mechanisms of therapeutic delivery are discussed. Third, potential biomedical applications of micro/nanobubble-assisted ultrasound are summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of ultrasound combined with micro/nanobubbles.
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